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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Partial Hydrolysis of Germanium Tetrachloride1 (1955)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 77 (1955), S. 2133-2136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01613a028
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Dissociation of Tetrachloroiodide Salts (1958)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 80 (1958), S. 4462-4465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01550a006
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Reported Oxychloride of Germanium, GeOCl2 (1955)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 77 (1955), S. 3003-3004 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01616a022
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional control of ferroelectric fatigue in perovskite ferroelectric ceramics and thin films (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5394-5398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The mechanism and control of ferroelectric polarization fatigue (loss of polarization with cycling) in donor- and acceptor-doped BaTiO3 ceramics and Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 (PZT) thin films has been investigated. Experimental results clearly demonstrate that fatigue behavior is related to the defects within the materials. Donor-doped BaTiO3 ceramics showed significantly improved fatigue characteristics when compared with acceptor-doped materials. A similar but reduced effect has been observed in donor-doped PZT thin films. The electric-field-assisted migration of charged species within ferroelectric materials may be responsible for the degradation/fatigue behavior. Results support the expectation that oxygen vacancies play an important role in fatigue that occurs as a result of polarization switching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357194
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure order-disorder and dielectric response in perovskite-related SrO-Fe2O3-Nb2O5 system: The oxygen-deficient composition Sr(Fe1−xNbx)O2.5+y (x=0.17, 0.25, 0.50) (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 3345-3356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Microstructures of materials with composition Sr(Fe1−xNbx)O2.5+y (x=0.17, 0.25, 0.50) have been investigated by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations. XRD data for ceramic samples annealed under different P(O2) conditions could be indexed to a cubic perovskite. Superlattice diffraction spots have been observed by TEM investigation for the samples which were re-equilibrated by a subsequent annealing in a reducing atmosphere. A microdomain model is proposed to describe the observed phenomena. According to the model, the structure of reduced Sr(Fe1−xNbx)O2.5+y with x=0.17, 0.25 is considered to be a result of disordered intergrowth between brownmillerite-type Sr2Fe2O5 domains and perovskite-type Sr(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 domains. Brownmillerite-type domains are formed because of vacancy ordering. The order is extremely short ranged. Electron diffraction patterns constructed in terms of this microdomain model agree well with the observed results. The order-disorder transition can be altered by varying ambient oxygen partial pressures. For both ordered and disordered samples the frequency-domain dielectric response as a function of temperature is reported. Directly measured complex conductivity Y(ω) has been transformed by Kramers–Kronig relations in order to subtract the disturbances of G(0) and C(∞). The transformed temperature dependences have been further normalized and re-expressed in the form of master curves. For all the samples measured, the frequency-domain dielectric response deviates from the Debye model but follows the so-called universal power law behavior. The dielectric spectra for the samples in which brownmillerite-type ordering is identified show an anomalous low-frequency dispersion, while for the disordered samples, the relaxation behavior with a loss peak is observed. The variation of spectra shape with composition indicates that increasing Nb content tends to weaken the cooperative many-body interactions and causes the dielectric behavior to approach the Debye model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354560
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shallow Pb3+ hole traps in lead zirconate titanate ferroelectrics (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1519-1521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A combination of electron paramagnetic resonance and band structure calculations is used to show that the Pb2+ ions in lead zirconate titanate materials can act as shallow hole traps to give Pb3+ centers. The Pb3+ centers are created by optical illumination and are found to be metastable at room temperature. Their decay kinetics follow a stretched exponential function which suggests dispersive transport. The traps have the same character as the upper valence band which is formed from the hybridization of Pb s and O p states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110761
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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