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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Neutron low angle scattering ; Contrast variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Neutron low angle scattering studies onE. coli ribosomes reassembled from protonated and deuterated subunits indicate that the association of the two subunits occurs without major distortion of their shape or modification of the distribution of the protein and RNA components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 14 (1986), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Polarised targets ; spin diffusion ; cryobiochemistry of proteins ; polarised neutron scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Polarised targets as used in high energy physics experiments may be of considerable interest in biological structure research using polarized neutrons. So far, this promising method has been facing difficulties in getting reasonable polarization of the target nuclei. We report on a polarized “frozen spin” target which has been prepared from an enzyme dissolved in a mixture of heavy water and deuterated propanediol doped with a completely deuterated paramagnetic radical. Clusters of 700 protons defined by the structure of lysozyme embedded in a fully deuterated matrix were polarized to 75% within an hour by 4 mm microwave irradiation in a magnetic field of 2.5 tesla at a temperature of 0.3 K. The polarisation behaviour of biological targets can be compared to the best frozen spin target materials in high energy physics research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 36 (1980), S. 996-1001 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle scattering experiments of horse-spleen ferritin solutions have been performed at various wavelengths near the K absorption edge of iron, using synchrotron radiation from the storage ring DORIS. The anomalous dispersion of the atomic form factor f as described by f' and if” has been monitored by the dependence of the radius of gyration R and the absorption coefficient μ respectively. There is a 4% increase of R at the absorption edge. The relative full half width of this peak of 0.0016 corresponding to 1 1 eV of the energy scale reflects the drastic variation of f' by 7 electrons. The predictable relation between R and has been verified by the Kramers-Kronig relation. As small-angle scattering is primarily influenced by f', best advantage from anomalous dispersion in small-angle scattering can be taken by measurements very near the absorption edges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 308-310 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: . Sulfur atoms, an integral part of many proteins, are possible candidates for anomalous scattering in phase determination by multiple-wavelength methods. The main difficulty encountered is that a wavelength of about 5 Å is required to obtain a large anomalous signal from these atoms, leading to very large absorption effects. Initial experiments have been carried out using a synchrotron X-ray source, evacuated beam tubes, a diffractometer inside a vacuum chamber, a special sample holder and a suitable scattering geometry. The results are encouraging, showing that Bragg reflections can be measured, and that changes in their intensities around the absorption edge are observable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The neutron small-angle scattering of hen egg-white lysozyme chloride in solution has been determined. The scattering density of the solvent and accordingly its contrast with the dissolved particles has been varied by changing the H2O/D2O ratio of the solvent. The zero-angle scattering was derived and it was shown that the square root of the zero-angle intensity is proportional to the contrast. The experimental value of the radius of gyration is R = 13.8 Å, in good agreement with the same quantity calculated on the basis of the crystal structure model of tetragonal lysozyme. The three basic scattering functions were derived from the experimental data and compared with the corresponding scattering pattern calculated from the coordinates of the X-ray structure. The results do not suggest a deviation of the conformation and structure of lysozyme in solution from the crystal structure. The spherical average of the overall dimensions has been separated from the internal structure. The influence of higher multipoles of the shape of the lysozyme molecule on the scattering curve is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 26 (1970), S. 297-306 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle scattering gives a much poorer resolution of the structure than does diffraction by perfect crystals, i.e. the loss of information due to the random orientations of the scattering molecules is far greater than that known from the phase problem. For a quantitative comparison the scalar field functions in physical and reciprocal space are expressed as a series of spherical harmonics Ylm. From the rotational properties of spherical tensors it is deduced that the orientation of the partial structures described by the sum of the multipole components belonging to the same l has no influence on small angle scattering. There are no interference terms between these partial structures, i.e. the partial small angle scattering functions arising from the partial structures superimpose independently. Structures giving the same small angle scattering can be generated by displacing the coordinate system and rotating the partial structures in an arbitrary manner and sequence. The calculations are greatly facilitated by the properties of the 3-j and 6-j coefficients widely used in nuclear physics. The Hankel transformations of the multipole components are reduced to an algebraic problem by the introduction of Laguerre polynomials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 2 (1984), S. 702-705 
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 152 (1978), S. 297-300 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 11 (1978), S. 325-345 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle scattering studies on biological structures provide low-resolution models. More detailed models need a more elaborate analysis in order to show their uniqueness. The representation of small-angle scattering of both in Cartesian coordinates and polar coordinates is discussed. The degree of non-uniqueness of structural analysis is best presented in terms of a multipole expansion. Contrast variation leads to the evaluation of the basic scattering functions Jc(κ), Jcs(κ) and Js(κ), which add useful constraints to a model. The experimental aspects of this method in both X-ray and neutron scattering are discussed. Furthermore, isomorphous (or isotopic) replacement of parts of macromolecular structures have been very useful in structure determination of ribosomes. Kinetic investigations of solutions in the subsecond region have been performed so far only for the investigation of H–D exchange with some proteins. Small-angle scattering from fibrous and lamellar systems received a considerable impact from a combined use of X-ray and neutron scattering, as is shown for collagen. Structural changes during active muscle contraction have been investigated both with classical X-ray equipment and with synchrotron radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 16 (1983), S. 563-571 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Resonant small-angle scattering is measured routinely in the wavelength range of 0.6 to 3.25 Å with the instrument X15 at the storage ring DORIS. The monochromatic beam with a vertical offset of 1.22 m is achieved by a double monochromator system with a constant exit slit. The small-angle instrument allows for sample-detector distances between 0.37 and 7.33 m. A multiwire proportional counter with a sensitive area of 200 × 200 mm detects the scattered intensity with a spatial resolution of 2 × 2 mm. Its sensitivity can be adapted to the requirements of the experiment by activating a drift chamber of 8 cm depth at the back end of the detector. The performance of the instrument as a function of the wavelength is described. The energy resolution is about 1 eV at the L3 absorption edge of caesium, as shown by the resonant scattering of ferritin in 30% CsCl solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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