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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jc DETERMINATION FOR SHALLOW NOTCH WELDED BEND SPECIMENS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Methods are presented for the determination of J from 3 point bend specimens having 0.1 ≤a/W≤ 0.5 using the load versus crack mouth opening displacement trace. It is intended that the procedure be used to determine Jc, J at unstable fracture in the brittle to ductile transition, from specimens and test procedures which conform to the CTOD test standard BS5762. Elastic-plastic finite element computations are used to demonstrate the adequacy of the proposed estimation procedures for J and to show that it is still possible to apply them to specimens containing welded joints. The problems of defining a centre of rotation for plastic deformation in shallow notched bend specimens are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00498.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SIMPLE Jc, ESTIMATION FORMULAE FOR THREE-POINT BEND SPECIMENS (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This report reviews some simple methods for determining Jc at the onset of cleavage fracture in a three-point bend crack tip opening displacement test. It is concluded that acceptable estimates of J, can be made from specimen mouth opening displacement without precise measurement of crack length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1992.tb00033.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POP-IN AND CRACK ARREST IN AN HY80 WELD (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: It is generally thought that, when a material is in its brittle to ductile transition, it is more difficult to design for crack arrest than to prevent crack initiation (cleavage). This report shows that this is not always true for weldments. Comparison is made between compact crack arrest (CCA), Ka, and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), KJc, toughness for the same HY80 weld. The value of Ka is shown to be much higher than the minimum KJc for pop-in fracture initiation. It is considered that the results support the conclusion of Japanese research workers (Arimochi and Isaka) that small pop-ins (in the CTOD test) propagate and arrest without load drop. It follows that prediction of structural failure for weldments need not be based on minimum pop-in toughness from CTOD tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1991.tb00683.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture toughness of laser welds in ship steel (1996)
    Springer
    Advanced performance materials 3 (1996), S. 393-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8765
    Keywords: ships ; laserweld ; fracture toughness ; steel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Shipbuilders are showing increasing interest in laser welding as a means of reducing fabrication costs. The nature of the weld zone is very different to that in an arc weld. Careful research is needed to establish the safety of laser welded structures against a range of risk scenarios. This report deals with fracture toughness and defect tolerance. The laser weld is shown to exhibit very unusual behaviour. The lowest toughness is obtained when a crack is located at the heat affected zone (HAZ), but there is no apparent microstructural embrittlement at this location. It is proposed that the effect arises from an elevation of crack tip tensile stresses induced by the strength overmatch of the adjacent weld zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00136799
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic-plastic fracture analysis and design using the finite element method (1974)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 10 (1974), S. 620-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Published stress analysis solutions for crack problems are reviewed under three headings — elastic, elastic-plastic, and finite element. Emphasis is laid on results which are of practical importance for fracture analysis. The review section is concluded with a critical survey of some commonly used fracture design procedures. Results obtained by the author using elastic-plastic finite element analysis are then presented. Correlations are given for J and COD in a range of edge and centre cracked tension geometries. Comparison is made with various estimation procedures. Problems involved in defining J and COD are fully enumerated and their significance and inter-relationship investigated. It is emphasised that J is not an available energy release rate in the presence of irreversible plastic deformation, and that its possible use as a fracture criterion rests solely on its ability to characterise the stress-strain environment at the crack tip. The relationship between J and near tip stress, strain, and displacement is examined. The author concludes that JIC is unlikely to be a geometry invariant fracture criterion, but that it may have considerable use as a scaling parameter for predicting the fracture behaviour of a large specimen from a much smaller but geometrically similar specimen. The possibility of providing a complete description of the crack tip environment by using J together with the geometry dependent non-singular stresses is indicated. Elastic-plastic analyses are presented for a number of structural geometries, including cracks emanating from a hole in a plate, cracks approaching a hole in a plate, and an internal crack in a thick walled cylinder. These results indicate that, provided net section yielding does not occur, J may be estimated from the nominal elastic stress distribution even if this locally exceeds yield. Recommended fracture design procedures are presented in the light of the above findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00155273
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design using elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (1976)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 12 (1976), S. 861-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé En se basant sur des données résultant de géométries de pièces d'essai pour lesquelles se produit un écoulement plastique non contrôlé en avant de l'extrémité d'une fissure lors du passage de la déformation plastique généralisée, on examine l'utilisation courante qui est faite du COD et l'utilisation que l'on se propose de faire de l'intégrale J dans la conception des structures où se produit une déformation plastique significative. Ce comportement est mis en contraste avec différents modèles structurels de fissure à deux dimensions se produisant au bord de trous dans des tôles ainsi que dans des cylindres à paroi épaisse. Dans une construction, la plasticité en avant d'une fissure est généralement contenue dans un champ élastique qui entoure cette zône plastique et, sous ces circonstances, les estimations de J basées sur la théorie linéaire élastique de la mécanique de la rupture élastique sont adéquates. Ce n'est que lorsque la plasticité en avant de la fissure n'est pas contenue, telle que dans des fissures traversantes avec des ligaments demeurant ouverts, qu'une estimation de J basée sur la plasticité s'avère nécessaire.
    Notes: Abstract Current usage of COD and proposed usage of J in the design of structures experiencing significant plasticity are examined in the light of data from test piece geometries in which uncontained yielding occurs ahead of the crack tip, at general yield. This behaviour is contrasted with several 2D structural models of cracks at holes in plates or in thick walled cylinders. In the structural situations, plasticity ahead of the crack is normally contained by an outer elastic field and in these circumstances estimates of J based on LEFM with plastic zone correction are adequate. Only when plasticity ahead of the crack is uncontained, as for buried or part through cracks with shallow remaining ligaments, is a plasticity estimate of J necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034624
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pop-in fracture: observations on load drop, displacement increase, and crack advance (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 49 (1991), S. 203-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Theoretical elastic compliance relationships are derived linking load drop, displacement increase, and crack advance during pop-in in a three point bend CTOD test. These predictions are compared to experimental observations and discrepancies are noted. The discrepancies are attributed to the unexpected occurrence of plasticity during pop-in. This is seen even in specimens which have behaved elastically prior to pop-in. It is postulated that pop-in propagation and arrest occurs under constant load. Observed displacement changes support this hypothesis. Plasticity occurs because the displacement generated cannot be sustained elastically at the final static equilibrium arrest load. Theoretically predicted and experimentally observed load drops are compared with the pop-in acceptance criterion in the ASTM CTOD standard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035042
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A numerical and experimental study on defect assessment of plain and welded bars with shallow crack geometries (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 62 (1993), S. 245-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Several fracture mechanics based models are currently available for defect assessment. These models generally assume that any defects present in the structure are located in materials of uniform properties and make no provision for the possible differences in deformation behaviour of components fabricated with dissimilar material. Extensive research using numerical simulation has been carried out for a number of years at University College of Swansea to investigate the effects of weld mismatch on potential fracture behaviour. However, no detailed validation work has been done to verify the large amount of data generated so far. The work presented in this paper was aimed at filling this gap. Crack tip parameters of single edge notch specimens under pure bending and direct tension were studied using a combination of experimental and numerical techniques. The results of this combined study confirm the validity and accuracy of the numerical procedure used. Comparison of the values of CTOD and J-integral with those obtained using the defect assessment models shows that these models are not adequate even for predicting behaviour of homogeneous specimens. Much research is therefore still required to develop procedures for accurate predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012542
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics assessment of low constraint aluminium test specimens (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 81 (1996), S. 217-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies have shown that the near crack-tip stress field at a given J value is dependent on geometry. This dependence has been linked to the degree of constraint in the geometry, with low constraint geometries losing J dominance at very low deformation levels. New approaches centred on the use of a two-parameter description (e.g. J-T and J-Q) of the crack-tip stress-strain state have emerged. However, there is a serious lack of experimental and numerical results for low constraint geometries to quantify the T-stress and Q-value in the literature. This paper describes details of an experimental and numerical program carried out on low and high constraint geometries (CCT and TPB) fabricated from an aluminium alloy. The results show that the experimental and numerical fracture toughness values (J c ) agree within ±10 percent. The T-stress and Q-value two-parameter methodologies are successful at indexing the fracture toughness, ordering the data into a systematic trend of decreasing fracture toughness with increasing T or Q, albeit with some scatter. This allows the use of practical two-parameter failure criteria, in the form of J-T and J-Q loci, to predict the behaviour of cracked components, without the conservatism associated with the use of high constraint test geometries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039572
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of scale models to study ductile tearing (1983)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 23 (1983), S. R121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028835
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