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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal symmetry of the molecular chaperone cpn60 (GroEL) determined by X-ray crystallography (1994)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 591-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Escherichia coli molecular chaperone cpn60 oligomer, [cpn60]14, also called GroEL, has been crystallized and examined by X-ray crystallography and self-rotation function calculations. The crystals show unit-cell dimensions a = 143.3, b = 154.6 and c = 265 Å, with α = 82, β = 95 and γ = 107°. The space group is P1 and crystals diffract to 7 Å. X-ray analysis shows that the oligomer has one sevenfold symmetry axis and seven twofold axes that are all perpendicular to the sevenfold. The symmetry suggests that [cpn60]24 consists of two heptamers, [cpn60]7, stacked on top of each other. The orientations of the symmetry axes of the two independent [cpn60]14 oligomers in the triclinic unit cell have been determined relative to the crystallographic axes. The two oligomers in the unit cell are arranged side-by- side, but the second oligomer is rotated 26° around the sevenfold axis relative to the first oligomer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444993014349
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of the nodulation gene, nodT, from two biovars of Rhizobium leguminosarum (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: DNA sequencing of the nodlJ region from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii revealed the nodT gene immediately downstream of nodJ. DNA hybridizations using a nodT-specific probe showed that nodT is present in several R. leguminosarum strains. Interestingly, a flavonoid-inducible nodT gene homologue in R. leguminosarum bv. viciae is not in the nodABCIJ operon but is located downstream of nodMN. The sequence of the nodT gene from bv. viciae was determined and a comparison of the predicted aminoacid sequences of the two nodT genes shows them to be conserved; the predicted protein sequences appear to have a potential transit sequence typical of outer-membrane proteins. Mutations affecting nodT in either biovar had no observed effect on nodulation of the legumes tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00591.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the Rhizobium leguminosarum genes nodLMN involved in efficient host-specific nodulation (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 2 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Three nodulation genes, nodL, nodM and nodN, were isolated from Rhizobium leguminosarum and their DNA sequences were determined. The three genes are in the same orientation as the previously described nodFE genes and the predicted molecular weights of their products are 20105 (nodL), 65795 (nodM) and 18 031 (nodN.) Analysis of gene regulation using operon fusions showed that nodL, nodM and nodN are induced in response to flavanone molecules and that this induction is nodD-dependent. In addition, it was shown that the nodM and nodW genes are in one operon which is preceded by a conserved ‘nod-box’ sequence, whereas the nodL gene is in the same operon as the nodFE genes. DNA hybridizations using specific gene probes showed that strongly homologous genes are present in Rhizobium trifolii but not Rhizobium meliloti or Bradyrhizobium japonicum. A mutation within nodL strongly reduced nodulation of peas, Lens and Lathyrus but had little effect on nodutation of Vicia species. A slight reduction in nodulation of Vicia hirsuta was observed with strains carrying mutations in nodM or nodN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1988.tb00019.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Translational coupling varying in efficiency between different pairs of genes in the central region of the atp operon of Escherichia coli (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A series of afp::lacZ fusions has been constructed for use in a study of translational coupling in the central region of the Escherichia coli atp operon. Five genes, atpE, atpF, atpH, atp A and atpG, were shown to be translationally coupled to various degrees of tightness. A new lac promoter vector, compatible with the afp::lacZ fusion vectors, was used to express individual atp genes in the same hosts as the fusion genes. The H+-ATPase subunits thus synthesized exercised no significant trans-regulation on the expression of the atp::lacZ fusions, indicating that the coupling is primarily cis. The mechanism of this coupling was investigated using in vitro mutagenesis. At least in the case of the pair atpHA, coupling seems to involve facilitated binding of fresh ribosomes to the atpA translational initiation regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00754.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential gene expression from the Escherichia coli atp operon mediated by segmental defferences in mRNA stability (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The atp operon of Escherichia coli directs synthesis rates of protein subunits that are well matched to the requirements of assembly of the membrane-bound H+-ATPase (α3β3γ1δ1σ1a1b2c10–15). Segmental differences in mRNA stability are shown to contribute to the differential control of atp gene expression. The first two genes of the operon, atpl and atpB, are rapidly inactivated at the mRNA level. The remaining seven genes are more stable. It has previously been established that the translational efficiencies of the atp genes vary greatly. Thus differential expression from this operon is achieved via post-transcriptional control exerted at two levels. Neither enhancement of translational efficiency nor insertion of repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences into the atplB intercistronic region stabilized atpl. We discuss the implications of these results in terms of the pathway of mRNA degradation and of the role of mRNA stability in the control of gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02090.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An optical level gauge for molten glass (1983)
    Springer
    Glass and ceramics 40 (1983), S. 527-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8515
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00776294
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhizobium leguminosarum genes required for expression and transfer of host specific nodulation (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 19-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Rhizobium ; nodulation ; host specificity ; Vicia ; peas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The contributions of various nod genes from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae to host-specific nodulation have been assessed by transferring specific genes and groups of genes to R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii and testing the levels of nodulation on Pisum sativum (peas) and Vicia hirsuta. Many of the nod genes are important in determination of host-specificity; the nodE gene plays a key (but not essential) role and the efficiency of transfer of host specific nodulation increased with additional genes such that nodFE 〈 nodFEL 〈 nodFELMN. In addition the nodD gene was shown to play an important role in host-specific nodulation of peas and Vicia whilst other genes in the nodABCIJ gene region also appeared to be important. In a reciprocal series of experiments involving nod genes cloned from R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii it was found that the nodD gene enabled bv. viciae to nodulate Trifolium pratense (red clover) but the nodFEL gene region did not. The bv. trifolii nodD or nodFEL genes did significantly increase nodulation of Trifolium subterraneum (sub-clover) by R. leguminosarum bv. viciae. It is concluded that host specificity determinants are encoded by several different nod genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017444
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Either of two nod gene loci can complement the nodulation defect of a nod deletion mutant of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae (1990)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 222 (1990), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Rhizobium ; Nodule ; Legume ; Exopolysaccharide ; nod-gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A deletion mutant of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae lacking the host-specific nodulation (nod) gene region (nodFEL nodMNT and nodO) but retaining the other nod genes (nodD nodABCIJ) was unable to nodulate peas or Vicia hirsuta, although it did induce root hair deformation. The mutant appeared to be blocked in its ability to induce infection threads and could be rescued for nodulation of V. hirsuta in mixed inoculation experiments with an exopolysaccharide deficient mutant (which is also Nod−). The nodulation deficiency of the deletion mutant strain could be partially restored by plasmids carrying the nodFE, nodFEL or nodFELMNT genes but not by nodLMN. Surprisingly, the mutant strain could also be complemented with a plasmid that did not carry any of the nodFELMNT genes but which did carry the nodO gene on a 30 kb cloned region of DNA. Using appropriate mutations it was established that nodO is essential for nodulation in the absence of nodFE. Thus, either of two independent nod gene regions can complement the deletion mutant for nodulation of V. hirsuta. Similar observations were made for pea nodulation except that nodL was required in addition to nodO for nodulation in the absence of the nodFE genes. These observations show that nodulation can occur via either of two pathways encoded by non-homologous genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283027
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