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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkaline encrusted cystitis associated with malakoplakia (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 28 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Alkaline encrusted cystitis is a rare inflammatory condition of the bladder which has been reported sporadically over the past 80 years. It is caused by infection with urea splitting organisms leading to the deposition of inorganic salts on to the surface of the bladder. We present three cases of alkaline encrusted cystitis. In two cases the encrusted area was associated with foci of malakoplakia. The third case occurred in a patient who had received chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. To our knowledge, these are the first cases of malakoplakia associated with alkaline encrusted cystitis. These two conditions have a number of clinical and aetiological similarities, and may have more in common than has been previously thought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-426.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effects of Monocular Enucleation on Ganglion Cell Number and Terminal Distribution in the Ferret's Retinal Pathway (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 5 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques were used to examine the effects of removing one eye at birth on the remaining uncrossed retinal pathway in adult ferrets. After enucleation, the adult number of labelled ganglion cells projecting ipsilaterally changed from an average of 6068 in normal pigmented ferrets to an average of 7813 (29% increase) in pigmented enucleates. The change in albino ferrets was from 1455 in normals to 2319 in enucleates (59% increase). Labelled cells scattered across nasal retina accounted for over half the increase in the uncrossed population. After neonatal enucleation, the volume of lateral geniculate nucleus occupied by the uncrossed projection increased substantially, five-fold in pigmented animals and 20-fold in albinos. These results suggest that neonatal removal of one eye has a greater effect on the distribution of uncrossed terminals than on the survival of uncrossed ganglion cells. There was also an increase in the total number of axons in the surviving optic nerve of both pigmented and albino ferrets (93 000 in enucleates compared with 79 000 in normal animals), which cannot be simply explained as a disruption of binocular competition.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Summary
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00503.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial-frequency tuning and geniculocortical projections in the visual cortex (areas 17 and 18) of the pigmented ferret (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the spatial-frequency selectivity of neurons in areas 17 and 18 of the adult pigmented ferret, by measuring how the amplitude of response depends on the spatial-frequency of moving sinusoidal gratings of optimal orientation and fixed contrast. Neurons in area 17 of the ferret respond optimally to low spatial frequencies [average 0.25 cycles per degree (c/deg)], much lower than the optima for cat area 17. The tuning curves are of the same form as those found in cat and monkey: unimodal with bandwidths in the range 0.8–3.5 octaves. Neurons in area 18 of the ferret respond optimally to even lower spatial frequencies (average 0.087 c/deg) than area 17 neurons, and the distributions of optimal spatial frequency for areas 17 and 18 hardly overlap. In both cortical areas, the bandwidth of the tuning curves is inversely correlated with optimal spatial frequency. This marked difference in tuning between the two cortical areas is probably attributable to differential geniculo-cortical projections. Small injections of fluorescent latex microspheres or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made into area 17 or area 18 in order to investigate the populations of geniculate neurons projecting to the two cortical areas. After injections into area 17, labelled neurons are found predominantly in the geniculate A layers, with a few neurons labelled in the C layers. Conversely, after an area 18 injection, similar numbers of labelled neurons are found in the C layers as in the A layers. Soma-size analysis of the neurons in the A-layers suggests the existence of two populations of relay neurons, which project differentially to areas 17 and 18. The different geniculate inputs and the different spatial-frequency tuning in areas 17 and 18 may imply that the two cortical areas process visual information more in parallel than in series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00276.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Development of Retinal Ganglion Cell Decussation Patterns in Postnatal Pigmented and Albino Ferrets (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 5 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The decussation patterns of retinal ganglion cells in postnatal pigmented and albino ferrets were examined by using retrograde axonal tracers. Following unilateral injections into the optic pathway of newborn pigmented ferrets, ∼ 13 000 cells were labelled in the ipsilateral retina. The majority (11 500) of these were located in temporal retina. Postnatally, the numbers of cells projecting ipsilaterally from temporal retina fell by 49%. High rates of loss were observed in both the smaller uncrossed projection from nasal retina (92%) and also in the crossed projection from temporal retina (84%). After injections on the day of birth, a decussation line was not obvious in the crossed projection: ≥ 14 000 labelled cells were found in temporal retina. Double tracer studies showed that very few of these cells had axons which projected bilaterally. The numbers of ipsilaterally projecting cells labelled in neonatal albino ferrets was dramatically reduced. Only ∼ 2500 were labelled in temporal retina following injections at birth. As in pigmented ferrets, about half of these cells subsequently died. The reduced uncrossed projection in albino neonates was asociated with an increase in the crossed projection from temporal retina, in which ∼ 21 000 cells were labelled following injections at birth. These results suggest that differential postnatal ganglion cell death establishes the adult decussation pattern in the contralateral retinal projection but merely refines the pattern already established in the uncrossed projection. Postnatal ganglion cell death plays no significant role in generating the abnormal projections found in albino ferrets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00502.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered Topography in the Geniculo-cortical Projection of the Golden Hamster Following Neonatal Monocular Enucleation (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 4 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The consequence of neonatal eye removal on the adult organization of the geniculo-cortical pathway was studied anatomically in hamsters. Separate discrete injections of rhodamine- and green-fluorescent latex microspheres were made into the primary visual cortex of adult hamsters. The distribution of labelling in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of normal animals was compared with that seen in animals monocularly enucleated at birth. In the normal animals, as expected, the projection has a precise topographic order. This is also true of the projection contralateral to the remaining eye in the enucleated animals. However, on the side ipsilateral to the remaining eye, the visual cortex appears to receive two convergent projections from the deafferented dLGN, one mirroring the other. A single injection made in very lateral cortex labels cells in two discrete regions of the dLGN. As the injection is made progressively more medial, the two patches of labelled cells converge. Eventually, the two patches are no longer discrete so that injections into central area 17 produce just one, extended patch of labelling. These results suggest that the altered retinal input to the dLGN may affect the subsequent development of ordered geniculo-cortical projections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00137.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    I. The Appointment of the Duke of Medina Sidonia to the Command of the Spanish Armada (1969)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @historical journal 12 (1969), S. 197-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-246X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: The death of the marquis of Santa Cruz (9 February 1588) left the Spanish Armada leaderless. On 14 February, for reasons that have never seemed remotely satisfactory, Philip II named Don Alonso Perez de Guzman el Bueno, 7th duke of Medina Sidonia, to take his place. Medina Sidonia has been universally regarded rather like a rabbit pulled mystifyingly out of a hat by the king to the amazement of rabbit, spectators, and historians alike. Attempts to explain the appointment have been half-hearted and, until some recent revaluations of the duke's administrative abilities, have concentrated overwhelmingly on his character and social position. Portrayed as an amiable poltroon, loyal, unassuming, and characterless, utterly devoid of military experience but not too proud to be guided entirely by his expert advisers, he was just the man to do what he was told without questioning the instructions of the real admiral of the Armada in the Escorial, or cavilling at his subordination to the supreme commander of the invasion forces, the duke of Parma—issues which had already embittered relations between the king and the marquis of Santa Cruz. At the same time, personal jealousies among Santa Cruz's leading lieutenants, the refusal of the military to accept seamen on equal terms, and the presence in the Armada of a large number of titled and class-conscious gentlemen-adventurers all meant that the new commander had to be an outsider, a landsman, and a nobleman so illustrious that nobody need be ashamed to obey him or take precedence behind him. As the premier duke in Spain, Medina Sidonia's social qualifications were impeccable.1 Some historians have pointed to the duke's religious devoutness as a further recommendation, others have wondered whether his promotion were not a sentimental memento of an extinct romance between Philip and the duke's mother-in-law.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X0000426X
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salgado, M. J. Rodríguez: The Changing Face of Empire. Charles V, Philip II and Habsburg Authority, 1551–1559 : Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1988 (1990)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @historical journal 33 (1990), S. 246-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-246X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X0001325X
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of stress on the immune response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed diets containing different amounts of vitamin C
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 114 (1993), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90246-U
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [^2H] Labelling studies on the mechanism of electrocyclic aromatic substitution by the diazo-group
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 22 (1981), S. 1537-1540 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4039(01)90371-5
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the uncrossed retinotectal projection after removal of the other eye at birth (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 279 (1979), S. 63-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 A schematic diagram showing the representation of the visual field on the retina and on the tectum of a mammal such as the hamster. The horizontal meridian of the visual field is depicted as an arrow and is shown projecting onto the two tecta so that the central field is found rostrally and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/279063a0
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