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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inner ear damage induced by Mycobacterium fortuitum (1986)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 243 (1986), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Bacterial labyrinthitis ; Ultrastructure ; Mycobacterium ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We used electron microscopy to investigate Mycobacterium fortuitum -induced changes in the inner ears of mice. We found that the inner and outer hair cells had degenerated and disappeared in the organ of Corti. Changes in the lower turn of the cochlea were more severe than those of the upper turn while the changes of the outer hair cells were more severe than those of the inner hair cells. Disappearance, fusion and ballooning of the sensory hairs were observed in the vestibular organs. The bacterial extract also induced inner ear damage which was similar to that caused by live M. fortuitum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453763
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin detection of carbohydrates in the endolymphatic sac (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 246 (1989), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Endolymphatic sac ; Carbohydrate ; Lectin ; Fluid transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The carbohydrate contents of the guinea pig endolymphatic sac were investigated by the use of lectins. The lumen of the endolymphatic sac was filled with stainable precipitate containing N-acetyl glucosamine, mannose, glucose, galactose and fucose. N-Acetyl galactosamine was also detected but in minute amounts. This composition corresponded to other areas in the inner ear, such as the cupula, the otolithic membrane and the tectorial membrane. The function of these carbohydrates may play an important role in preventing the lumen of the endolymphatic sac from collapsing as well as in regulating transepithelial fluid transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00457460
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial changes in the sensory hair-cell membrane following aminoglycoside administration in a guinea pig model (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 246 (1989), S. 26-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Sensory hair cell fusion ; Gentamicin ; Glycocalyx ; Guinea pig ; Ruthenium red staining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study demonstrates the initial changes affecting the sensory hair-cell plasma membranes in the vestibular end organs of gentamicin-treated guinea pigs by using a ruthenium red staining technique. First, 0.1 ml of a solution containing 5 mg gentamicin sulfate was injected into the middle ear. After 7 days, the sensory hair cell cilia were observed to be degenerating. The various stages of this degeneration process were classified into two types: the decrease in glycocalyx was designated type I fusion, while type II fusion was characterized by a bleb formation of the plasma membrane of the sensory hair cells, followed by a decrease in glycocalyx. The latter mechanism allowed plasma membrane contact, with subsequent fusion of the plasma membrane of neighboring sensory hair-cell cilia. The material also illustrates the degeneration of ciliary actin filaments. These findings suggest that the aminoglycoside affects both the glycocalyx and the plasma membrane, and that the decrease in glycocalyx may be the first sign of sensory hair-cell fusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454130
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of endolymphatic sac obliteration on vestibular sensory hair bundles (1992)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Endolymphatic hydrops ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Labyrinth ; Ciliary interconnections ; Glycocalyx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A tannic acid-osmium staining technique and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy were used to demonstrate changes in the glycocalyx and ciliary interconnections of the vestibular sensory cells of guinea pigs after extradural obliteration of the endolymphatic sac and duct. Three months after the obliteration, it was possible to observe degeneration in the glycocalyx and the ciliary interconnections as well as the tip links. These findings suggest that the endolymphatic hydrops causes an endolymphatic ionic imbalance which affects the glycocalyx and ciliary interconnections resulting in further morphological changes of the cilia. The tip links, which are believed to be involved in sensory cell transduction, also seem to be affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175671
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The basement membrane and associated structures in the murine endolymphatic sac (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 245 (1988), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Murine endolymphatic sac ; Basement membrane ; Fluid transport ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the basement membrane of the murine endolymphatic sac was studied under various experimental conditions in labyrinthectomized and ethacrynic acid-treated animals and was compared with normal anatomy. The basement membrane was clearly visualized after staining with ruthenium red or dialyzed iron. The basement membrane of the murine sac consists of two different layers: the lamina rara and the lamina densa. It demarcates the border between the epithelial cells and the subepithelial connective tissue. Our findings suggest that the basement membrane acts as a physical support to the epithelium in the endolymphatic sac. The basement membrane also shows a dynamic capacity to form a new basement membrane, with the result that the lateral intercellular space between contiguous epithelial cells may be integrated with the subepithelial space. This system is believed to act as a macromolecular and bulk water transport system. In the subepithelial space, collagen, reticular and elastic fibrils are found having a close relationship to the basement membrane. The elastic fibres are presumed to play a role in the pressure-regulating mechanism in the endolymphatic sac.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464628
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of carbonic anhydrase in the vestibular end organs of the guinea pig (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 246 (1989), S. 56-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Carbonic anhydrase ; Vestibular organ ; Guinea pig ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Carbonic anhydrase activity was demonstrated cytochemically on an ultrastructural level in the vestibular end organs of the guinea pig. Reaction product was found in the dark cells, transitional cells, cells of the planum semilunatum and supporting cells. In the dark cells, reaction product was observed in the cytoplasm as well as in the basal infoldings. Reaction product was also observed in the basal infoldings of the transitional cells and the cells of the planum semilunatum. The globular structures inside the supporting cells, transitional cells and the cells of the planum semilunatum were also surrounded by the reaction product. These findings suggest that carbonic anhydrase may have different functions, such as water and ion transport, respiration, nutrition and calcium carbonate deposition in the vestibular end organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454136
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of nitric oxide synthase II in the guinea pig vestibular end organ (1998)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 255 (1998), S. 184-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Nitric oxide synthase ; Bacterial lipopolysaccharide ; Vestibular organ pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the investigation was to ascertain whether inoculation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the vestibular organ of the guinea pig might induce formation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) II. Forty-eight hours after the animals were injected with 1 mg transtympanic LPS, varying degrees of impaired caloric responses were observed with similar degeneration of vestibular hair cells. These effects could be blocked with N-nitro-l-arginine methylester, a competitive inhibitor of NOS. Findings suggested that NOS II, which was not normally detectable in the guinea pig vestibular organ but was present following inoculation of LPS, produced the nitric oxide as the toxic factor causing cell damage. If true, LPS may represent a reproducible method for studying the vestibular pathogenesis of inner ear disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050050040
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional ultrastructure of the endolymphatic sac (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1987), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Endolymphatic sac ; Guinea pig ; Scanning electron microscope ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The subcellular structures of the epithelial cells of the guinea pig endolymphatic sac were studied. By using a newly developed scanning electron microscopy technique, the intracellular organelles could be studied three-dimensionally and the topographic relationships analyzed. The light epithelial cell has an extensive network of endoplasmic reticulum which is characteristically arranged in a basoapical direction. The connections between the inner surface of the plasmalemma and the endoplasmic reticulum were observed, as were connections between the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Our findings support the hypothesis that the endoplasmic reticulum might form transcellular channels through which the cell can transport water and ions from the lumen of the endolymphatic sac out into the subepithelial tissue. The dark epithelial cells seen in particular contained the smooth type of endoplasmic reticulum. Lysosomes were also observed in the dark cells, indicating that these cells probably have more of a secretory function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00458561
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