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  • 1
    Title: Recent advances in quantum Monte Carlo methods /; 2,2
    Contributer: Lester, W. A. , Rothstein, Stuart M. , Tanaka, Shigenori
    Publisher: Singapore :World Scientific,
    Year of publication: 2002
    Pages: XII, 315 S. : , ill
    Series Statement: Recent advances in computational chemistry 2,2
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: English
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Chick embryos ; Vagus nerve ; Pharynx ; Cardiopulmonary innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the cardio-pulmonary innervation was studied in whole-mount specimens of chick embryos stained with the anti-neurofilament protein (NFP) antibody. From the morphological point of view, vagal branches could be classified into two categories, i.e., the branchial branches primarily related to the pharnygeal arches, and intestinal arborization derivatives which are associated primarily with the primitive gut. The former consisted of the superior cardiac branch innervating the truncus arteriosus of the heart, and the latter, the sinal branch, pulmonary branches as well as recurrent nerve and the other intestinal branches. The superior cardiac branch at first develops as a pair of branchial branches which passes into the truncus arteriosus at stage 25, and later rotates along the aortic arch 6, thus making an asymmetrical configuration by stage 27. The sinal branch is a medial branch which first develops at stage 24. It arises from the junction of each intestinal arborization in close association with the pulmonary branch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 205-213 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Suncus murinus ; Somatotopy ; Vibrissae ; Fasciculation ; Sensory system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The topographic patterns of peripheral receptors and effectors seem to contribute to the construction of the neuronal circuit in the central nervous system (CNS) in mammals. Many patterns replicating those of the periphery have been found in the CNS, and fasciculation has been regarded as having a central role in the pattern replication. The house shrew, Suncus murinus, is an excellent species in which to study this topic because it has a vibrissae system arranged in a single ordered fashion and extraordinarily well-developed trigeminal spinal tracts. Using immunostaining and retrograde-tracing techniques, we examined the developmental pattern of the maxillary nervous system in the house shrew. The results indicate that the basic pattern of axonal extension reiterates with a parallel arrangement throughout the course of development except at a site in the brainstem where the central processes bifurcate into ascending and descending branches. Dorsoventral inversion of the peripheral pattern in the spinal tract occurs with this dualleveled bifurcation in association with the mediolaterally ordered entry of the central processes into the brainstem. The basic pattern of the central processes is established prior to the appearance of the vibrissae, indicating that the basic topographic pattern of the maxillary nerve is not related to the vibrissae system. The fasciculation pattern does not correspond to the overall layout of the arrays of vibrissae, and there are frequent exchanges of axons between fascicles both in the periphery and centrally. The parallel organization of the majority of the processes, together with the free exchange of processes between fascicles, suggests that these processes have an important role in the formation of the fasciculation and somatotopic patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 189 (1994), S. 401-407 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Insectivore ; Eye ; Lens ; Neurofilament proteins ; Placodes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that lens cells of the laboratory house shrew, Suncus murinus, expressed many intracellular filaments that immunoreacted with pooled monoclonal antibodies against 70-kDa, 160-kDa, and 210-kDa neurofilament triplet proteins. Immunopositive filaments in lens cells first appeared in day 13 embryos, while the invaginating lens placode was thickening, and this immunoreactivity was still present in immature lens fiber cells of the adult animal. Western blot analysis showed that the immunopositive molecule was a low-molecular-weight neurofilament protein that appeared in the neural tissues of this animal. The immunoreactive pattern of lens cells was quite similar to that of neurons, although there were some peculiar aspects. When the cells of the lens vesicle differentiated into the lens epithelium and fibers, immunoreactivity occurred in both, suggesting that the neurofilaments in the lens cells do not directly relate to lens fiber elongation nor to a determinant of the fiber caliber. The strong immunoreactivity in the embryonic lens and weak expression of this protein in the immature lens fiber cells of the adult animal suggest that low-molecular-weight neurofilament protein is transiently expressed in the differentiating lens cells. This may be a common feature of placodederived cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 7416-7420 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new computational scheme to simultaneously optimize the electronic and ionic configurations in solids and molecules is presented in the framework of variational quantum Monte Carlo method. This scheme, in which a fictitious Lagrangian to describe the dynamics of electronic variational parameters and ionic coordinates is introduced, is formulated virtually in parallel with the Car–Parrinello method for density-functional theory. The feasibility and usefulness of the proposed scheme are demonstrated by carrying out a structural optimization for water molecule with the aid of steepest-descents technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 11117-11137 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron transfer rate constant at electrode/liquid interfaces is theoretically described on the basis of the Anderson–Newns–Schmickler model. A compact formula for the rate constant is derived in the nonadiabatic limit, which is expressed in terms of the spectral density of surrounding media, the density of states of electrons in the electrode, and the weighted electronic coupling constant between the electrode and the redox couple in the liquid. The outer-sphere spectral density is then related to the experimentally accessible data on the frequency-dependent dielectric response functions of the solvent and the electrode with the aid of the dielectric continuum approximation. The derived formula provides a quantum-mechanical extension of the conventional nonadiabatic expression for the heterogeneous electron transfer reactions at electrode/liquid interfaces, taking into account the quantum effects associated with the high-frequency modes of both outer and inner spheres. On this basis, the quantum correction for the electron-transfer rate constant is numerically analyzed for some metal or semiconductor electrodes in contact with the Fe2+/3+ redox couple dissolved in water solvent at room temperature. In the case of zero energy gap, the quantum correction is found to be a factor of 4–5 for a typical configuration of the redox couple regardless of the species of electrode, while the rate constant itself is significantly affected by the dielectric property of the electrode. The energy gap dependence of the quantum correction is also discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Cambridge University Press
    Studies in second language acquisition 5 (1982), S. 18-33 
    ISSN: 0272-2631
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies
    Notes: The two studies reported here investigated the notion of politeness as perceived by native speakers of English and advanced learners of English. The questions which concerned us included: (1) Are native speakers of English really aware of the varying degree of politeness conveyed by a given English sentence?; (2) Is there a high correlation between native speakers of English and advanced learners of English in their politeness judgements?; (3) Do native speakers of English really use different politeness strategies in different situations?; (4) Is there a high correlation between native and nonnative speakers of English in the use of politeness strategies? From a theoretical point of view, Study I was concerned with Lakoff's (1973b) claim that politeness increases with decreasing imposition; Study II was concerned with the distance-politeness hypothesis which predicts that one will use polite strategies in situations where he perceives himself as psychological and/or socially distant from his addresee. From a pedagogical point of view, the comparison of the two studies here suggested that the learner's ability of judging politeness in the target language does not necessarily mean that he can use politeness strategies appropriately in actual communication situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CD38, a transmembrane glycoprotein with ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, catalyses the formation of Ca2+ signalling molecules, but its role in the neuroendocrine system is unknown. Here we show that adult CD38 knockout (CD38-/-) female and male mice show marked defects in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Language learning 37 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9922
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Psychology
    Notes: This study examined the selective use of two give structures [NP NP] and [NP PP] in two (translation and judgment) tasks by Japanese college students within a framework of transfer and markedness. The results of the translation task showed that in dealing with prototypical cases of dative give, the students used the two structures with equal frequency, while the [NP PP] was strongly favored with cases deviating from the prototype. In the acceptability-judgment task, we were concerned with the type of constraints on dative alternation. Three constraints were discussed in this paper: discourse, semantic, and perceptual. The students in this study were more sensitive to the perceptual than to the discourse constraint, which was subtler and more opaque than the semantic one from the students' point of view. This study favors a theory of sealer markedness over a theory of binary markedness as far as acceptability judgments about give sentences are concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The limulus test is a well-established method for the diagnosis of both Gram (−) sepsis and invasive fungal infection. To diagnose deep-seated fungal infections, a (1→3)-β-d-glucan-specific chromogenic kit (Fungitec G test MK) has been developed and applied clinically. It is suggested that the limulus reactive substance was released from the fungi to the blood, however, its chemical properties were not precisely examined in detail because of the limited quantity available. In this study, we used chemically defined liquid medium to culture Candida spp. and collected the water soluble fraction, CAWS. The yield of CAWS was circa 100 mg/l, independent of the strain of Candida. CAWS reacted with limulus factor G (Fungitec G test MK) at concentrations as low as 100 ng/ml. Limulus factor G reactivity of CAWS was sensitive to (1→3)-β-glucanase, zymolyase and was, at least in part, bound to ConA-agarose. The ConA-bound fraction also reacted with anti-β-glucan antibody. CAWS is mainly composed of mannan and (1→6)-β-glucan, in addition to protein, assessed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. CAWS also reacted with typing sera of Candida spp., specific for cell wall mannan. Chemical, immunochemical and biochemical analyses of CAWS strongly suggested that the limulus factor G-activating substance was a mannan-β-glucan complex, present within the architecture of the yeast cell wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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