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  • 1
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Enzymatic and non-enzymatic iodination of the amino acid tyrosine is a well known phenomenon. The iodination technique has been widely used for labeling proteins. Using high-resolution X-ray crystallographic techniques, the chemical and three-dimensional structures of iodotyrosines formed by non-enzymatic incorporation of I atoms into tyrosine residues of a crystalline protein are described. Acetylxylan esterase (AXE II; 207 amino-acid residues) from Penicillium purpurogenum has substrate specificities towards acetate esters of D-xylopyranose residues in xylan and belongs to a new class of α/β hydrolases. The crystals of the enzyme are highly ordered, tightly packed and diffract to better than sub-ångström resolution at 85 K. The iodination technique has been utilized to prepare an isomorphous derivative of the AXE II crystal. The structure of the enzyme determined at 1.10 Å resolution exclusively by normal and anomalous scattering from I atoms, along with the structure of the iodinated complex at 1.80 Å resolution, demonstrate the formation of covalent bonds between I atoms and C atoms at ortho positions to the hydroxyl groups of two tyrosyl moieties, yielding iodotyrosines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Results from various macromolecular crystallography experiments are presented showing the effectiveness of a recently installed detector incorporating a charge-coupled device (CCD). This detector uses a 1024×1024 CCD directly coupled to an x-ray sensitive phosphor by a fiber optic taper. The pixel size at the phosphor (50 μm) results in a point spread of 80 μm full width at half-maximum. Even with the relatively small active area, 51×51 mm2, about 150 orders of diffraction can be resolved across the detector face. With this detector format, well-resolved diffraction data have been collected from unit cells with edges as large as 360 A(ring). In an offset configuration, the detector has been used to collect extremely high-resolution data (1 A(ring)). A number of data sets have been collected having Rsym values in the 4%–6% range; in the case of room-temperature lysozyme, an Rsym value as small as 2.1 was obtained for a 2.5 A(ring) resolution data set. In addition to fixed wavelength studies, the detector has also been used to collect MAD data. In all cases, the use of this detector has proven to be more efficient than using standard image plates since less x-ray exposure time and no distinct scanning step are required. Furthermore, the data quality is as good and in some cases better than those from previous image plate measurements. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present results of macromolecular crystallographic experiments performed at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) with a new CCD-based detector. This detector, installed in January 1995, complements a 1024×1024 CCD detector that has been in continuous operation at CHESS since December 1993. The new detector is based on a 4-port, 2048×2048 pixel CCD that is directly coupled to a Gd2O2S:Tb phosphor by a 3:1 tapered fiber optic. The active area of the phosphor is a square 82 mm on an edge. The readout time is 7 seconds. In the standard mode of operation, the pixel size at the active area is 41 μm on the edge leading to the capability of resolving approximately 200 orders of diffraction across the detector face. The detector also operates in a 1024×1024 mode in which the pixel size is electronically increased by a factor of 4 in area resulting in smaller data files and faster detector readout but at the expense of spatial resolution. Most of the data that has been collected by this detector has been collected in this mode. Dozens of data sets have been collected by many experimenters using this detector at CHESS during the four month period from its installation until the start of the six-month down period of the storage ring. The capabilities of the detector will be illustrated with results from various crystallographic measurements including experiments in which the recorded diffraction patterns extend in resolution as far as 1 A(ring). The results demonstrate that this detector is capable of collecting data of quality at least equal to that of imaging plates but, in many circumstances, with much greater beamline efficiency. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2059-2063 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Grazing incidence x-ray optics for microbeam generation can be classified into five types: ellipsoidal mirror, Wolter mirror, monocapillary concentrator, microchannel array, and polycapillary concentrator. These components each have their own properties, yet they are closely related. Each optical component is at a different stage of development. Ellipsoidal mirrors are based on a mature technology and at 1/10 magnification should yield 10-μm-diam beams. Optics based on replicate Wolter mirrors are capable of producing beams on a 1–10 μm scale with high gain. Monocapillary concentrators are producing beam sizes of less than 0.1 μm. On a larger scale, polycapillary concentrators, and microchannel arrays are promising microbeam components. Ray tracing programs exist in different forms for some of these components. Prototype capillary optics have been tested, but as a whole, the manufacturing methods could be significantly improved with further investments in time and effort. All of these optical designs show great promise for intensifying a beam in a small area if they can be adequately perfected. This is the great challenge before us. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2872-2878 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Methods were developed to characterize tapered capillaries as x-ray concentrators capable of forming spots of intense x-ray radiation with micrometer diameters. These tapered capillaries, with somewhat controlled tapers, were produced using a gravity-based capillary puller. A device was constructed to microscopically inspect these capillaries along two orthogonal axes in order to accurately measure the tapering and bending. Both monochromatic and white hard x rays were concentrated with a variety of tapered capillaries, and the subsequent gains in intensity (flux/area) ranging from 14 to 35 are reported. Using these unique x-ray concentrators, a simple high-powered x-ray fluorescence microscope was constructed and tested. We also found that hard x-ray beams could be successfully steered by bending the capillary tip with radii as small as 5 m. In addition, preliminary ray-tracing results obtained from a two-dimensional ray-tracing program are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 914-916 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Increasing X-ray flux and decreasing crystal size are two factors placing new demands on macromolecular diffraction cameras at synchrotrons. A new oscillation camera with high mechanical precision and fast rotation speed is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 494-496 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A multilayer monochromator was installed on a bending-magnet beamline at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) and was used to provide an unfocused pseudo-monochromatic X-ray beam for protein crystallography experiments. Datasets were collected from lysozyme at room temperature and human methylthioadenosine phosphorylase at 100 K. The wide energy bandpass of the multilayer allowed short exposure times, typically only a few times longer than on a focused multipole wiggler beamline. The diffraction images were processed using unmodified monochromatic data-processing software to yield datasets of good quality. These first measurements demonstrate that multilayer monochromators can be readily applied to the rapid structure determination of many typical-sized macromolecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 820-822 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The use of capillary concentrators as X-ray condensers specifically for macromolecular X-ray diffraction experiments using synchrotron radiation is evaluated. Monocapillary and polycapillary designs are assessed by ray-tracing analysis to evaluate how effectively these capillary concentrators can increase the X-ray intensity onto a 50 µm crystal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 362 (1993), S. 40-43 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tetrakis(pyrophosphito)diplatinate(II), or Pt2(P2O5H2)4 consists of two platinum centres with four bridging pyrophos-phite ligands as shown in Fig. 1. The structure, spectroscopy, reactivity and photochemistry of this molecule have been extensively studied5'6. Several of its characteristics ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: esterase ; crystallography ; crystallization ; synchrotron radiation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Acetyl xylan esterase from Penicillium purpurogenum, a single-chain 23 kDa member of a newly characterized family of esterases that cleaves side chain ester linkages in xylan, has been crystallized. The crystals diffract to better than 1 Å resolution at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) and are highly stable in the synchrotron radiation. The space group is P212121 and cell dimensions are a = 34.9 Å, b = 61.0 Å, c = 72.5 Å.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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