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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of chronic carbamazepine treatment on haem biosynthesis in man and rat (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carbamazepine ; porphyria ; epilepsy ; haem biosynthesis ; enzyme induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine has been reported to produce a condition clinically and biochemically similar to acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). We have determined the effect of chronic carbamazepine treatment on the activities of the enzymes of haem biosynthesis in circulating blood cells and on the urinary excretion of porphyrins and their precursors in 53 epileptic patients receiving monotherapy and in 42 age- and sex-matched controls. In the patients the mean activity of leucocyte 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway, was 218% of control values (p〈0.001) and ALA-dehydratase activity was reduced by 37% (p〈0.001). Circulating carbamazepine concentrations correlated negatively with ALA dehydratase (r s=−0.45;p〈0.01). Porphobilinogen deaminase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase appeared unaffected by carbamazepine treatment. Significant quantitative increases in the urinary excretion of porphobilinogen and total porphyrins (bothp〈0.05) accompanied the changes in enzyme activity. Similar dose-dependent effects on ALA synthase and ALA dehydratase were shown to occur in rats treated for 5 days with 3 different doses of carbamazepine. These findings further support the porphyrinogenicity of carbamazepine, but the pattern of enzyme alteration differs from that found in AIP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558260
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stanozolol on δ-aminolaevulinic acid synthase and hepatic monooxygenase activity in man and rat (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 587-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: stanozolol ; porphyria ; aplastic anaemia ; anabolic steroids ; haem biosynthesis ; monooxygenases ; cytochrome P 450 ; vascular thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stanozolol is an anabolic steroid which is used in the treatment of aplastic anaemia and has been recently advocated for the prophylaxis of vascular thrombosis. Similar steroid substances stimulate the activity of δ-aminolaevulinic acid synthase (ALA S), the rate limiting enzyme of haem biosynthesis, in rat hepatocytes and chick embryo liver cell cultures and activate acute hepatic porphyria. In the present study stanozolol (10 mg daily for 14 days) has been shown to increase significantly leucocyte ALA S activity in 9 healthy male subjects. There was a concomitant rise in urinary ALA and total porphyrin excretion but no change in antipyrine kinetics or urinary 6 B hydroxycortisol excretion. In a complementary study in male Sprague Dawley rats, stanozolol administered intraperitoneally, produced a dose-dependent increase in hepatic ALA S activity without changing hepatic cytochrome P 450 content. Stanozolol has been clearly shown to elevate ALA S activity, probably directly, and, thereby, porphyrin production without affecting hepatic monooxygenase activity. This porphyrinogenic effect may be relevant to the successful treatment of aplastic anaemia with anabolic steroids. Leucocyte ALA S activity may provide a human system for the study of drug porphyrinogenicity in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543490
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental Psychology (1959)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Psychology 10 (1959), S. 1-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4308
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.10.020159.000245
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PREGNANCY AND THE ACUTE PORPHYRIAS (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 84 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An analysis is presented of the obstetric histories of 50 women with acute porphyria, comprising 39 with acute intermittent porphyria, 3 with variegate porphyria and 8 with hereditary coproporphyria. Fifty-four per cent of the women with acute intermittent porphyria had an acute attack of porphyria in pregnancy and/or the puerperium. Only one maternal death was recorded. One patient with variegate porphyria and two with hereditary coproporphyria had an attack related to pregnancy. The total fetal wastage was 13 per cent. The babies born to mothers with acute intermittent porphyria, who experienced an acute attack during pregnancy, were smaller than those in which no such attack occurred (P〈0·001). In 13 non-porphyric primigravidae there was a rise in urinary excretion of 8-aminolaevulinic acid, porphobilinogen and coproporphyrin up to the 28th week of gestation. It is probable that pregnancy has some deleterious effects in acute porphyria but the prognosis of the porphyric pregnancy is much better than the literature suggests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1977.tb12480.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of adriamycin (1986)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 18 (1986), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concurrent administration of adriamycin (intravenous) and verpamil (oral) is of considerable interest because of experimental data suggesting that resistance to adriamycin may be overcome by this means. The potential for a pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs has therefore been investigated in five patients with small cell lung cancer treated with combination chemotherapy comprising adriamycin, VP16, vincristine and cyclophosphamide. The data indicate that a significant interaction takes place. Adriamycin peak levels, terminal halflife and the volume of distribution at steady state are higher, whereas plasma drug clearance and the volume of the central compartment are lower with co-administration of verapamil. There was no evidence of enhanced drug toxicity in this study; however, the data should be considered in the interpretation of clinical trials in which adriamycin and verapamil are used together, both in terms of toxicity and tumour response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273394
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prevention of porphyrin loss from tissues during routine histological processing: Quantitative studies on the Harderian gland (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 18 (1986), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rodent Harderian gland is an important site of porphyrin biosynthesis and storage. Porphyrins are visible at the light and electron microscope level as large intraluminal accretions, as large interstitial accretions surrounded by foreign body giant cells, or as small interstitial deposits within free macrophages. Since porphyrins are soluble in a wide range of solvents, it is important to employ histological routines which minimize porphyrin loss during processing in addition to giving good tissue preservation. In this quantitative investigation, these requirements were optimally achieved with fixation in 3% buffered glutaraldehyde and the use of amyl acetate as a clearing agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01676234
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