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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth patterns of early versus late successional multipurpose trees of the western Himalaya (1995)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1995), S. 108-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Growth pattern ; Multipurpose ; Successional trees ; Western Himalaya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In the mid-western Himalaya (altitude 1350 m, rainfall 1100 mm), multipurpose trees found as escapees in agricultural fields or naturally growing in the forests, play an important role in providing fuel, fooder and small timber to the farmers. Shoot elogation, and tree architecture of 4 year old trees of Grewia optiva, Robinia pseudoacacia and Celtis australis (early successionals), and Quercus leucotrichophora, Q. glauca and Ilex odorata (late successionals), were analyzed. All the late successional species showed a proleptic type of bud and branch production, while the early successional trees made growth through syllepsis. The shoot elongation differed significantly (P 〈0.05) with the crown position, and ranged from 11 to 30 cm in different species. Early successional species tended to maintain a comparatively narrow crown and showed a significantly (P 〈0.05) higher ramification ratio, and multilayered canopy. The late successionals, in contrast, showed a wide crown with monolayered canopy, adapted to the weak light intensity. There was only one flush of leaves in Q. leucotrichophora and Q. glauca while in the rest of the species there were two distinct flush periods. The results are important for the management of agroforestry trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192191
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation in minerals, crude protein and structural carbohydrates of foliage in provenances of young plants ofProsopis cineraria (L.) Druce in India (1995)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 29 (1995), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: arid zone ; dry matter digestibility ; fodder quality ; tree fodder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Prosopis cineraria is an important species for aridzone agroforestry in India. Information on the chemical composition and nutritive value of the leaves of young trees that will be useful in screening the provenances, is lacking. Chemical composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na), crude protein, and structural carbohydrates (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) of the foliage of one-year-old plants of 31 provenances ofProsopis cineraria were determined. The seeds were collected from 16°50′ N to 29°55′ N latitude and 69°49′ E to 78°03′ E longitude in India, and grown at Hisar (29°10′ N latitude, 75°46′ E longitude and 215 m altitude). Mineral contents (except N and P), crude protein, and structural carbohydrates varied significantly (p〈0.05) between provenances, and the greatest amount of N, P, crude protein, NDF, ADF and lignin contents were found in Hisar provenance. The in vitro dry matter digestibility varied from 18.2% in Gandhinagar provenance to 34.0% in that of Barmer provenance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711277
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the rooting patterns of some agroforestry trees in an arid region of north-western India (1992)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 18 (1992), S. 245-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: north-western India ; arid climate ; agroforestry trees ; rooting pattern ; root biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The present study deals with root architecture of 6-year-old trees of 9 indigenous and 3 exotic species growing in arid climate of north-western India. Observations, made on excavated root systems (3 tree replicates of each species) showed large variation in horizontal and vertical spread of roots. In Morus alba, Melia azedarach and Populus deltoides, the roots were confined to 80 cm, while in Prosopis cineraria, Acacia nilotica and Eucalyptus tereticornis, roots penetrated more deeply to 233 cm. The number of total roots ranged from 103 in Acacia catechu to 1932 in Eucalyptus tereticornis, and 62 to 80% of the roots were less than 2 mm in diameter. The primary roots were more horizontal than the secondary roots. The total root biomass varied from 2.2 kg in Acacia catechu to 30.6 kg−1 tree in Populus deltoides, and top 30 cm soil contained 42 to 78% of the total biomass. The implications of the results are discussed in the context of the ecological niche of the species, and its usefulness in agroforestry systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123320
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf dynamics and protein content of six important fodder trees of the western Himalaya (1992)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 19 (1992), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: western Himalaya ; fodder trees ; leaf production ; leaf fall ; protein content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Leaf production, leaf fall, leaf protein and net primary productivity have been reported for 4-year-old fodder trees in the mid-western Himalaya (altitude 1350 m; rainfall 1100 mm). The species include; Grewia optiva, Robinia pseudoacacia and Celtis australis growing in the open and Quercus glauca, Q. leucotrichophora and Ilex odorata growing in the forest. G. optiva, R. pseudoacacia and C. australis showed two distinct periods of leaf flush, and their leaves were short-lived (180 to 360 days) compared with the remaining three species which retained their leaves for more than two years, and had only one flush period during March–April. The open site species showed much higher leaf production, and the leaves contained a significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher protein content, compared with the forest group. Net primary productivity of G. optiva, C. australis and R. pseudoacacia was significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher than the forest species, which may be related to their high leaf production and rapid turnover rate of the leaves. The results are useful for management of these species in agroforestry systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138501
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in chemical contents of seed, and foliage inAlbizia lebbek (L.) Benth. of different provenances (1994)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 25 (1994), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: arid India ; Albizia lebbek ; provenance variation ; chemical contents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Protein, oil, carbohydrate and starch contents of seed, which were collected from places with latitude 9° N to 32° N, longitude 72° E to 85° E and rainfall 40 to 400 cm, varied significantly (P〈0.05) among 12 provenances. Interestingly, seed protein was positively correlated (r=0.838,P〈0.05), and on the contrary, carbohydrate and starch were negatively correlated (r=−0.755,r=−0.623, respectively,P〈0.05), with the latitude of the seed source. Significant variation for N, P, K, Ca and Mg in stems and leaves of one-year and three-year-old plants was also observed when these provenances were grown at Hisar (29°10′ N, 75° 46′ E, 215 m alt.), an arid region in north India. In general, provenances from north India at the age of three years had greater chemical and mineral contents than those from south India. Chlorophyll content was highly correlated with the latitude of the seed source, at the ages of one and three years (r=0.742,r=0.659,P〈0.05, respectively), while crude protein of foliage at the age of three years was significantly correlated (r=0.673) with latitude. Dehradun, Jammu and Hisar provenances, from the north had comparatively greater concentrations of N, P and K at the age of three years as compared to those from south India. The results are useful from the points of view of genetical variation, and selection of superior provenances for arid conditions in north India.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00707461
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil nutrient status of hill agro-ecosystems and recovery pattern after slash and burn agriculture (Jhum) in north-eastern India (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 41-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Agro-ecosystem function ; Forest ecosystem function ; Jhum ; Shifting agriculture ; Slash and burn agriculture ; Soil fertility recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The present study deals with fertility changes in agro-ecosystems where vegetation is removed by slash and burn procedures, the land is planted to crops (cultivated) for one year, and then left to revegetate naturally for upto 50 years (forested fallow, here after referred to as ‘fallow’) before the entire cycle (locally called ‘Jhum’) is repeated. A comparison has been made between three jhum cycles of 30, 10 and 5 years. Depletion in soil carbon continued throughout the cropping period of one year and extended upto a 5 year fallow. This could be one of the reasons against a short jhum cycle, alongwith a similar pattern in depletion of nitrogen. Available phosphorus build up in the fallows also starded only beyond a 5 year fallow period with rapid increase in 10, 15 and 50 year fallows. Cationic concentration in the soil also rapidly declined in the early phases of regrowth of vegetation. This decline was most pronounced for potassium due to the fact thatDendrocalamus hamiltonii is a heavy accumulator of this nutrient. Since this bamboo species dominates the fallow upto about 20 years, potassium build up in the soil was observable only at this stage. It is suggested that this species plays an important role in conservation of this nutrient. In a 50 year fallow, low levels of calcium and magnesium were maintained with rapid depletion of both with depth which is in contrast to that of potassium and phosphorus. In general, short jhum cycles of 5 year permit only low levels of soil fertility with very poor recovery during the fallow period. The significance of these results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02377111
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variability in symbiotic nitrogen fixation between provenances ofAcacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del. (1995)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 42 (1995), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Acacia nilotica ; provenances ; nitrogen fixing ability ; Chillum jar technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Differences in nitrogen fixing abilities of 18 provenances (16 from India, 2 from Israel) ofAcacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del. were assessed in sterilized sand in chillum jars and unsterilized field soil in earthen pots, at Hisar (29°10′N lat., 75°46′E long., 215 m alt.), India. There were significant differences in growth and amount of nitrogen fixed and stored in plants (P 〈 0.01) between provenances. The values ranged from 10 to 34 mg N/plant in sterilized sand, and 11 to 44 mg N/plant in unsterilized soil. Maximum nodulation and nitrogen fixation occurred in Sirsa provenance followed by Pali, Coimbatore and Chandigarh provenances. Medinipur, Hisar (local provenance) and two exotics fixed significantly (P 〈 0.01) lower amounts of nitrogen. These differences attributed to genetic variability among provenances ofAcacia nilotica. There were strong and positive correlations between number and mass of nodules with total nitrogen fixed in the plants. The results are important from the point of view of exploiting the genetical variability inA. nilotica in amelioration of wastelands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310679
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Provenance variation in seed germination and seedling growth of Acacia nilotica ssp. indica in India (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Acacia nilotica ; provenances ; germination ; seedling growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Acacia nilotica ssp. indica, a multipurpose tree species occurs throughout semi-arid India. The present study reports the variation in seed germination and seedling growth of 21 sites (provenances) collected between the latitude 11°N and 31°23′N, and 19 m to 650 m altitude throughout India. There were significant differences (P〈0.05) between the sites for seed germination that varied from 16 to 90% in the incubator, and 14 to 84% in the nursery. Significant variations were also observed in seedling growth up to 28 days in the incubator. There was no significant relationship between seed germination and seedling growth and the latitude or longitude of the original seed source. However, in general the South Indian provenances showed lower germination as compared to North Indian provenances. The observations are important for selection of vigorous provenances concerning seed germination and early seedling growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00126947
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