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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P67
Hand eczema, skin exposure and glove use in dental technicians (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims:  To estimate the incidence of hand eczema in dental technicians and to elucidate occupational risk factors.Methods:  This was a retrospective cohort study among former dental technician students (n = 2139). Controls comprised population controls (n = 2288) with similar distribution of age and sex as the dental technicians. A mail questionnaire asked for occurrence of hand eczema including age of onset, occupational exposure and use of protective gloves. The response rate was 58%(1210 dental technicians and 1316 controls answered the questionnaire).Results:  In dental technicians the incidence of hand eczema was 7.1 cases/1000 person years in males and 10.8 in females during acrylate-exposed time. In controls the incidence of hand eczema was 3.1 in males and 3.7 in females. The relative risk (RR) for males was 2.3 (95% CI 1.6–3.4) and for females 2.9 (95% CI 2.1–4.0). 48% of the dental technicians and 30% of the controls reported more than 10 hand-washings/day (p 〈 0.001). 80% of the dental technicians reported skin exposure to uncured acrylates, 14% daily. 87% had skin contact with grinding dust from acrylates, 42% daily. 38% used protective gloves when handling uncured acrylates, males 29%, females 48%(p 〈 0.001). 58% did not know for how long the normally used gloves protected the skin against uncured acrylates.Conclusions:  The risk of hand eczema is more than doubled in dental technicians. The work involves frequent and unprotected exposure to acrylates and wet work. Education regarding skin protection is important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309gw.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exhaled nitric oxide: relation to sensitization and respiratory symptoms (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Conflicting data have been presented as to whether nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air is merely reflecting atopy rather than airway inflammation.Objective To investigate the relationship between exhaled NO (eNO) and nasal NO (nNO), respiratory symptoms, and atopy, in the context of a cross-sectional study of the respiratory health of bleachery workers.Methods Two hundred and forty-six non-smoking bleachery and paper-mill workers answered a questionnaire and were examined by measurements of eNO and nNO and spirometry, outside the pollen season. Blood samples were collected and analysed for specific IgE against common aeroallergens (birch, timothy, cat and house dust mite). Atopy was defined as a positive Phadiatop™ test.Results The atopic and the non-atopic subjects without asthma or rhinitis had similar levels of eNO. Subjects reporting asthma or rhinitis who were also sensitized to perennial allergens had higher levels of eNO, whereas those sensitized to only seasonal allergens had similar eNO levels as non-atopic subjects with asthma or rhinitis. In multiple linear regression models adjusted for nNO, eNO was associated with asthma and sensitization to perennial allergens.Conclusion The results indicate that only atopic subjects who have recently been exposed to the relevant allergen have elevated levels of eNO. Atopic subjects who are not being exposed to a relevant allergen or have never experienced symptoms of asthma or rhinitis show normal eNO. These data indicate that eNO relates to airway inflammation in atopic subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01888.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased nasal mucosal swelling in subjects with asthma (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate nasal mucosal swelling with acoustic rhinometry in subjects with asthma and in healthy controls.Methods We examined 184 individuals with asthma and compared with 156 randomly selected controls outside the pollen season, where 144 subjects in the asthma group and 80 controls had a previous history of non-infectious rhinitis (NIR). Nasal mucosal swelling was assessed with acoustic rhinometry before and after nasal decongestion with oxymetazoline and was analysed for the cross-sectional area (4 cm from the nostril) and the volume between 3.3 and 4 cm from the nostril. Symptom scores for nasal blockage, secretion, itching and sneezing were assessed on a 0–10 visual analogue scale as well as peak nasal inspiratory flow and spirometry.Results Before decongestion there was a decrease in the cross-sectional area at 4 cm (1.32 cm2 vs. 1.59 cm2, mean left + right P = 0.04) and in the volume (1.70 vs. 1.91 cm3P = 0.03) in the asthma group compared with healthy controls. After decongestion there were no significant differences in cross-sectional area at 4 cm (1.66 vs. 1.73 cm2P = 0.32) or volume (2.12 vs. 2.24 cm3P = 0.32). Combined nasal symptom scores were higher in the asthma group (1.8 vs. 0.8, P = 0.0001) and peak nasal inspiratory flow was lower (119 vs. 124 L/min, P = 0.38) than the healthy controls. FEV1 (% predicted) was also lower in asthma group (84 vs. 93%P 〈 0.0001).Conclusion We have been able to demonstrate an increased nasal mucosal swelling in a population sample of persons with asthma compared to healthy controls. These data support previous reports of a generalized airway inflammation in patients with asthma and suggest that acoustic rhinometry can be used to monitor the nasal mucosal swelling in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.01253.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exhaled nitric oxide in a population-based study of asthma and allergy in schoolchildren (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) reflects inflammation in the lower airways and is well adapted for use in children. The aims of this study were to investigate the distribution of the fraction of expired NO (FENO) in school children and to compare FENO and spirometry in relation to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The study was performed in 959 randomly selected 13–14-year-old school children in Uppsala, Sweden. Exhaled NO was measured at an inhalation rate of 0.1 l/s (FENO0.1) and a spirometric test was performed and data from these measurements were related to questionnaire data. Exhaled NO was measured according to American Thoracic Society recommendations, except the use of a mouth wash and an exhalation flow rate of 0.1 l/s. The distribution of the mean FENO0.1 values was skewed, with a preponderance of very low levels and a widespread tail of values ranging up to 102 parts per billion (ppb). Boys exhibited significantly higher mean FENO0.1 values than girls, 5.2 (4.7–5.7) vs 4.4 (4.0–4.8) ppb (geometric mean and 95% CI), P 〈 0.01). Children who reported wheezing in the last year had higher FENO0.1 values than children that had not, 8.5 (7.1–10.2) vs 4.3 (4.0–4.6) ppb, P 〈 0.001). The same association was found to most symptoms indicating hay fever and eczema. In contrast to this, only weak or inconsistent associations were found between asthma and spirometric indices. Exhaled NO levels were found to be independently related to male gender, wheeze and rhinoconjuctivitis but not to current eczema. In conclusion, exhaled NO was closely associated with reported asthma and allergy symptoms whereas spirometric indices such as percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s were not. As most asthma cases in a population are mild, the findings suggest that exhaled NO is a sensitive marker of asthma and allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00735.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adult-onset asthma is associated with self-reported mold or environmental tobacco smoke exposures in the home (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: In recent years, we have gained better knowledge about the influence of indoor environments on respiratory symptoms and asthma. The purpose of this study was to examine certain exposures in the home environment and the risk of adult-onset asthma. Methods: A nested case-referent study of adult-onset asthma was performed in a random population sample (n=15 813), aged 20–50 years. Cases for the study included subjects reporting “physician-diagnosed” asthma (n=174). The referents (n=870) were randomly selected from the whole population sample. The case-referent sample was investigated with a comprehensive mailed questionnaire about exposures in the home environment, asthma, respiratory symptoms, smoking habits, and atopy. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated while controlling for age, sex, smoking, and atopy. Results: Increased adjusted OR for asthma were associated with exposure to molds (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.5), environmental tobacco smoke (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4–4.1), and the presence of a wood stove (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5). Conclusions: This population-based case-referent study indicates that self-reported domestic exposures to molds or environmental tobacco smoke can be associated with adult-onset asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00805.x
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