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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ grazing rate of the copepod population in the western subarctic North Pacific during spring (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 120 (1994), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Time series sampling with a multi-layer plankton sampler was carried out in the western subarctic North Pacific during spring 1991. Neocalanus cristatus, N. flemingeri and Eucalanus bungii dominated and accounted for 88.5% of the copepod population in volume. Neocalanus spp. were distributed in the upper mixed layer, while E. bungii was mainly distributed between 120 and 300 m throughout the day and night. In contrast, Metridia pacifica, Pleuromamma scutullata and Gaetanus simplex showed clear diel vertical migration. Grazing activities were estimated simultaneously by gut fluorescence. Nocturnal grazing was observed for diel migrating species. Neocalanus spp. did not have a diel feeding rhythm and had relatively low gut fluorescence. E. bungii was considered to be dormant during the observation period. The estimated grazing rate of the copepod population on phytoplankton was 1.4 to 2.0% of the primary production while the metabolic requirement was 8.3 to 12.4% of the primary production. These facts suggest that the copepod population was unimportant as primary consumers and that microzooplankton plays a much more important role in sustaining low standing stock of phytoplankton and a high nutrient concentration in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349680
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mosaic horizontal distributions of three species of copepods in the subarctic Pacific during spring (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biology 137 (2000), S. 683-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Continuous abundance estimates (510 m resolution) of the copepods Neocalanus cristatus, N. flemingeri and Metridia pacifica were obtained with an electronic particle counter along cruise tracks in the subarctic western North Pacific in spring. For all three species, the number of patches decreased exponentially with increasing patch size. Most patches (63 to 83%) were dominated by one species, and patches of the same species more closely spaced than patches of different species. The patches of M. pacifica tended to coexist with those of N. cristatus. In contrast, patches of N. flemingeri rarely co-occurred with those of other copepods. These patterns were more clearly observed in fine-scale observations with sampling intervals of 〈31 m. Coherence analysis of copepod species pairs showed no characteristic scale at 2 to 50 km wave lengths. At shorter wave lengths (〈2 km), frequent positive correlations were observed between N. cristatus and M. pacifica. Thus, the distribution of copepods appears to be a mosaic assemblage of patches of each copepod species. These results suggest that copepods have a mechanism to form species-specific aggregations, and the aggregation and segregation processes are maintained at a scale of 〈2 km.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000338
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Life histories of Neocalanus flemingeri and Neocalanus plumchrus (Calanoida: Copepoda) in the western subarctic Pacific (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 533-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Life cycles of large suspension-feeding copepods were investigated in the western subarctic gyre (Oyashio area). Two populations were recognized in Neocalanus flemingeri by body size, life cycle and timing of ontogenetic migration. Small forms (same size as original description; adult female ca. 3.6 mm in prosome length) have a 1-year life cycle and occurred at the surface between December and June. At least some individuals of large forms (adult female ca. 4.5 mm in prosome length) have a biennial life cycle with winter dormancy as Stage 4 copopodites (C4) and adult females. The young copepodites of the large form occur in the surface water later than the small forms, then grow to C4 with full deposition of lipid. The following year, the C4 individuals start grazing in January, and sink to deep layers at the same time as the small forms. The life cycle of Neocalanus plumchrus was identical to the original description made for the Alaskan gyre population, although the recruitment to the surface layer during copepodite stages occurred 2 weeks to a month later than in other areas of the subarctic Pacific. Temporal partitioning of surface habitat utilization between N. plumchrus and the small form of N. flemingeri was clearly established, but overlap was observed between N. plumchrus and the large form of N. flemingeri.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050654
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atypical anxiolytic profile of buspirone and a related drug, SM-3997, in a modified forced swim test employing straw suspension
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 46 (1993), S. 647-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: Anxiolytic effect ; Buspirone ; Immobility ; Modified forced swim test ; SM-3997 ; Straw suspension ; Straw-climbing behavior
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90556-9
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential changes in rat brain noradrenaline turnover produced by continuous and intermittent restraint stress
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 49 (1994), S. 905-909 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: Brain regions ; Continuous stress ; Intermittent stress ; Noradrenaline turnover ; Organ weights ; Plasma corticosterone ; Stress-rest cyclicity
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)90242-9
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Succession of Pelagic Organisms in the Size Range 0.5-200 μm During a Diatom Bloom in Otsuchi Bay, Japan
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 39 (1994), S. 173-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    Keywords: Otsuchi Bay ; abundance ; food-chain ; microfauna ; plankton bloom ; plankton composition
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1994.1056
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Starvation tolerance of a planktonic marine copepod Pseudocalanus newmani Frost
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 181 (1994), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0981
    Keywords: Copepod ; Respiration ; Starvation ; Survival
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(94)90105-8
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Roles of eosinophils and catecholamines in pathophysiology of exercise-induced asthma (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 4 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To study the roles of eosinophils and catecholamines in the pathophysiology of exercise-induced asthma [EIA], an exercise challenge test was performed in 22 asthmatic children, using a bicycle ergometer, and the changes in lung function, plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels with exercise were evaluated. Subjects were classified into three groups from the results of lung function test, respectively: EIA-negative group. EIA-positivc groups with good recovery and poor recovery. Eosinophil counts before exercise in the EIA-positive groups were significantly higher than those in the EIA-negative group. The ECP levels rose with exercise in all groups. Five minutes after exercise, ECP values fell to the pre-cxercise level in the EIA-negative group, hut rose to higher levels in EIA-positive groups. Plasma E levels rose with exercise and showed 4-fold increase in the EIA-negative group, whereas only 1. 5-fold increase of plasma E levels was observed in the EIA-positive group with poor recovery. From these findings, a possible contribution of sympathoadrenal hypofunction and a probable involvement of eosinophils in the pathophysiology of EIA have been suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1993.tb00096.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2,3-Benzoquino[15]crown-5 (1998)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 1362-1364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010827019800287X
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cigarette smoking and psychophysiological stress responsiveness: effects of recent smoking and temporary abstinence (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 126 (1996), S. 226-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cigarette smoking ; stress responsiveness ; Abstinence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Studies comparing the cardiovascular function and stress responsiveness of regular smokers and non-smokers have produced mixed results, possibly because of variable intervals between stress tests and recency of smoking. This experiment compared the cardiovascular, cortisol and affective responses to a problem solving task of non-smoking young men (n=16) and regular smokers randomised to overnight abstinence (n=14) and smoking 30 min prior to testing (n=19). Smoking status was validated biochemically. Overnight abstinence was associated with reduced diastolic blood pressure at rest and with enhanced diastolic pressure and emotional responses to the task compared with other conditions. Recent smokers showed elevated heart rates, suppressed cardiac baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and reduced cortisol responsiveness, but did not differ from nonsmokers in blood pressure responses. The behavioral performance of the abstinent group was impaired, and their craving was greater than that of recent smokers. Both groups of smokers reported more dysphoric mood than non-smokers, and showed only limited recovery of emotional equilibrium following tests. The results are discussed in relation to mechanisms linking smoking, stress responsiveness and cardiovascular disease risk. The methodological implications for including regular smokers in psychophysiological studies are also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246452
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