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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HGH, PRL and βHCG/βLH gene expression in clinically inactive pituitary adenomas detected by in situ hybridization (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within our surgical collection clinically inactive pituitary adenomas represent 30.7% of all pituitary tumours. To characterize their endocrine activity we studied 40 clinically inactive pituitary adenomas with in situ hybridization (ISH) using cRNA probes labelled with35S encoding growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and chorionic gonadotrophin (βHCG). No tumour was associated with clinical evidence of elevated hormone secretion. A mild hyperprolactinaemia not correlated with hormone or the mRNA content of the cells was interpreted to be incidental in 11 patients. By histological analysis, immunohistochemistry (IH) and electron microscopy the adenomas were diagnosed as small cell chromophobic (n=16) and large cell chromophobic (n=8) adenomas, and oncocytomas (n=16). Gene expression of one or more hormones was identified by ISH in 18 of 40 adenomas in few cells. GH and PRL gene expression was rare (GH mRNA in 3 of 40 tumours and PRL mRNA in 8 of 40 tumours) whereas in 14 of 40 adenomasβHCG/βLH gene expression was identified in scattered cells. Five of 40 adenomas lacking hybridization signals revealed hormones by IH. The detection of mRNA was accompanied by positive immunostaining for the respective hormones in 72%. The combination of ISH and IH reveals good evidence that the hormones are synthesized in the tumours and not taken up from the serum and stored in the cells. The two methods used together permit a more precise analysis of tumour biology than each alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605926
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of growth hormone, prolactin and human β-chorionic gonadotropin messenger RNA in growth-hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas by in situ hybridization (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 539-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: In situ hybridization ; Pituitary adenoma ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a series of 39 adenomas from patients with the clinical hyperfunction syndrome of acromegaly and in one from a case of prolactinoma we studied the mRNA expression of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) andβ-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) by using the technique of in situ hybridization (ISH). This technique allows the direct identification and localization of cells expressing mRNA and thus synthesizing the respective hormone. The aim of our study was to demonstrate the frequent co-expression of PRL mRNA and HCG mRNA in pituitary adenomas of acromegalic patients. Probes for ISH of the above-mentioned hormones were obtained by subcloning cDNA fragments into pGEM plasmids. Subsequent Sp6-polymerase catalysed in vitro transcription with35S-CTP revealed radio-labelled single-stranded antisense RNA probes [the probe forβHCG detectsβ-luteinizing hormone (βLH) simultaneously because of a sequence homology of 90%]. To localize the labelled hybrids, autoradiography was carried out. Light microscopical evaluation of the tissue sections demonstrated positive signals in all cases for GH, in 80% of cases for PRL and in 25% of cases for HCG [LH] mRNA. The comparison of mRNA content shown by ISH with immunocytochemical (ICC) hormone detection revaled that in all cases the detection of GH corresponded to GH mRNA content of the cells. For PRL and HCG [LH] positive mRNA detection (ISH) and negative hormone detection (ICC) occurred in some cases (PRL 17.5%; HCG [LH] 15%). In contrast, negative mRNA detection (ISH) and positive hormone content (ICC) was also demonstrated (PRL 5%; HCG [LH] 37.5%). The remaining adenomas showed both mRNA and the respective hormone, as well as negative ISH and ICC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606505
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Riechstoffsynthesen mit Fencholenaldehyd (1989)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 120 (1989), S. 547-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Aldol condensation ; Fencholenic aldehyde ; Homofencholenic aldehyde ; Sandalwood aroma chemicals ; Woody odour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary With respect to the molecular requirements on sandalwood aroma chemicals the synthesis of some derivatives of the title compound is described. The synthesis of the new homofencholenic aldehyde affords the connection of the 2,2,4-trimethylcyclopentenylsystem with a santalol analogous side chain by condensation with propionic aldehyde. In contrast to the sandalwood odour of α-compholenic derivatives the analogous fencholenic compounds possess only woody notes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00810841
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese, Struktur und Reaktionen von α-Campholenepoxiden (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1993 (1993), S. 987-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Sandalwood odour ; Epoxidation, stereocontrolled ; Campholenic derivatives ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis, Structure and Reactions of α-Campholenic EpoxidesThe epoxidation of α-campholenic compounds 3, 4 is described, besides the rearrangement of the epoxides 5 and 6 into the hydroxy-β-campholenic system 7, 8, the reduction to the tertiary alcohols 11a, 12a, the alkylation reaction to 11b and 12b and the conversion of 7 into the diketone 10 are reported. The stereochemistry and the odour of the new compounds are also described.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1993199301157
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