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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression and somatic mutation on androgen receptor gene in prostate cancer (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 9 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Lack of androgen receptor (AR) expression or mutation on the AR gene creates the tendency for androgen independence and progression of prostate cancer. However, the association between the progression and AR expression or mutations is still controversial. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of AR expression and mutations in prostate cancers.Methods: Forty-two prostate adenocarcinomas and three lymph node metastatic lesions sampled prior to hormonal therapy were included in this study; AR expression was analyzed immunohistochemically using an antibody against AR and the result was scored as the percentage of AR-positive tumor cells in the total tumor cells. Polymerase chain reaction–single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing were used to detect AR mutations.Results: Our study revealed the average AR expression in the prostate adenocarcinoma was 52.2 ± 27.1%, which was significantly lower than that in the adjacent non-tumorous prostate tissue (68.3 ± 18.3% in average) (P 〈 0.001). A significant correlation was obtained between progression-free survival and AR expression (P 〈 0.01). By SSCP analysis, three silent mutations (T649T, E709E and E711E) were detected in three separate prostate carcinomas.Conclusion : We conclude that AR expression is a useful prognostic indicator for tumor progression. Androgen receptor mutation may be an uncommon molecular event in untreated prostate cancer in Japanese men.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2002.00514.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical and histopathological analysis of proliferative potentials of recurrent and non-recurrent meningiomas (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 504-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Meningioma ; MIB-1 ; Ki-67 ; Proliferative ; potential ; Recurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Proliferative potentials of meningiomas from 127 patients were examined immunohistochemically using the anti-Ki-67 monoclonal antibody, MIB-1, on paraffin sections, and the correlation among MIB-1 staining index (SI), histopathological finding, and clinial course of the disease was analyzed retrospectively. The mean MIB-1 SI of 50 male patients with meningioma was 5.5%, whereas that of 77 female patients was 2.7%. Higher MIB-1 SI were observed for younger patients. These age- and sex-related differences in MIB-1 SI were statistically significant. The patients were assigned to one of three groups: those with non-recurrent meningioma (n = 73); those with recurrent meningioma in whom the specimens obtained during the initial surgery were used to calculate the MIB-1 SI (n = 21); and those with recurrent meningioma for whom the specimens obtained during the surgery for recurrent tumors were used to calculate the MIB-1 SI (n = 33). The mean MIB-1 SI in these patients were 1.6%, 3.6%, and 8.8%, respectively, and there were statistically significant differences among these three groups. Statistical analyses reveal that meningiomas with a MIB-1 SI of 3% or more have a significantly high tendency for recurrence during the clinical courses, especially within the first 10-year follow-up periods. Moreover, there is statistically significant correlation between MIB-1 SI and recurrence in each Simpson’s grade. The time interval to the next recurrence for recurrent meningiomas is associated with the proliferative potential represented by the MIB-1 SI, and a correlation equation has been proposed to predict the date of the next recurrence. Analyses on cellularity of meningiomas revealed no statistically significant difference in cellularity between non-recurrent and recurrent meningiomas. There was no statistically significant relationship between cellularity and MIB-1 SI of meningiomas. In conclusion, examination on proliferative potentials of meningiomas using MIB-1 SI is very important for biological and histopathologicl analyses and the prediction of future recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050458
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the ultrastructural distribution of prolactin and growth hormone mRNAs in pituitary cells of female rats after estrogen and bromocriptine treatment, studied using in situ hybridization with biotinylated oligonucleotide probes (1995)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 104 (1995), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression and distribution of prolactin (PRL) mRNA and their alterations induced by estrogen and bromocriptine were investigated using non-radioisotopic in situ hybridization (ISH) at the electron microscopic (EM) level. Our EM-ISH studies using biotinylated oligonucleotide probes showed that estrogen induced whirling changes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of female rat PRL cells and increased transcription of PRL genes located on the polysomes of the whirling RER. The presence of mammosomatotroph cells in the rat pituitary gland was also verified in our EM-ISH studies. After bromocriptine administration, PRL cells contained many secretory granules due to the inhibition of secretion. Pre- and post-embedding EM-ISH and northern hybridization studies revealed that bromocriptine induced the distorted, vesiculated, and dilated RER, and also the suppressed PRL mRNA expression. The activity of protein kinase C (PKC), which mediates PRL gene expression, tended to be elevated by estrogen and suppressed by bromocriptine. Therefore, it is considered that the ultrastructural and quantitative changes in PRL mRNA expression evoked by estrogen and bromocriptine may be mediated by the intracellular signal transduction system, including PKC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01464784
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Bcl-2 but not Bax or p53 correlates with in vitro resistance to a series of anticancer drugs in breast carcinoma (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 61 (2000), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: Bcl-2 ; breast cancer ; chemosensitivity ; HDRA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Programmed cell death is an important determinant of the response to chemotherapy. Among the factors controlling this process, a significant role is played by bcl-2, bax and p53. The in vitro chemosensitivity of the 177 breast carcinomas was assessed by the histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) using mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), adriamycin (ADM), cisplatin (CDDP), and cyclophosphamide (CPA). The susceptibility of Bcl-2-negative tumors to all the drugs killing was significantly higher than that of Bcl-2-positive tumors. No relationship between Bax or p53 immunoreactivity and sensitivity for any of anticancer drugs studied was demonstrated. Immunohistochemical results regarding Bcl-2 are promising in the evaluation of the sensitivity of cancer cells to a series of anticancer drugs and might be therapeutically useful as an indicator of response to adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006474307180
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of biotinylated oligonucleotide probes to the detection of pituitary hormone mRNA using Northern blot analysis,in situ hybridization at the light- and electron-microscope levels (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 26 (1994), S. 771-777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary There have been many reports on radioisotopicin situ hybridization (ISH) studies for the demonstration of pituitary hormone mRNAs in normal pituitary gland and pituitary adenomas. Recent studies have revealed that non-radioisotopic ISH has several advantages over the radioisotopic method. Using ISH with biotinylated oligonucleotide probes, we have been able to localize various pituitary hormone mRNAs in paraffin wax or frozen sections of rat normal pituitary gland and human pituitary adenomas. For control studies we used ISH with sense probes, ISH without probes, pretreatment with ribonuclease, ISH with a probe for β-actin and Northern blot hybridization. Using biotinylated probes, gene transcripts of rat growth hormone and prolactin were detected by Northern blot hybridization. The same biotinylated probes were used not only for light microscope ISH but also for the electron microscopical demonstration of rat growth hormone and prolactin mRNAs on the polysomes of the rough endoplasmic reticula. It is emphasized that biotinylated oligonucleotide probes are useful for the analysis of pituitary endocrine function because they are applicable to the three hybridization methods, namely, Northern blot hybridization and ISH at the light and electron microscope levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02388634
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous ultrastructural identification of growth hormone and its messenger ribonucleic acid using combined immunohistochemistry and non-radioisotopicin situ hybridization: A technical note (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 28 (1996), S. 703-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present electron microscopical study is concerned with the simultaneous visualization of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and its encoded protein in the same specimen. Pre-embedding electron microscopicalin situ hybridization (EM-ISH) on rat pituitary gland tissue localized growth hormone mRNA in the polysomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and subsequent postembedding immunolabelling using protein A-colloidal gold particles identified growth hormone mainly in the secretory granules. We believe that our report provides the first simultaneous ultrastructural identification of mRNA and its encoded protein using combined pre-embedding EM-ISH and immunohistochemistry. In this method, the signals for mRNA were localized specifically as highly electron dense products on the polysomes of the endoplasmic reticulum, and those for its encoded protein were recognized as gold particles both in the cisternae of the reticulum and in the secretory granules. Our ultrastructural double labelling method for mRNA and protein may provide a tool to find important clues for elucidating the intracellular correlation of mRNA translation and secretion of translated protein, because of its high resolution, good morphological preservation, and the specific localization of the reaction products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409007
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved ultrastructural double-staining method for rat growth hormone and its mRNA using LR White resin: a technical note (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 30 (1998), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An improved new method for the simultaneous visualization of mRNA and encoded protein in LR White resin-embedded specimens is described. This pre-embedding electron microscopical in situ hybridization (procedure) localized rat growth hormone mRNA specifically as high electron-density products on the polysomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. A subsequent post-embedding immunoreaction, using protein A colloidal gold particles, identified growth hormone as gold particles both in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and on the secretory granules. In our previous report, we used Epon resin for tissue embedment, which required an etching process using hydrogen peroxide or sodium periodate for immunoreactivity retrieval. In general, osmification and embedment in Epon resin are reported to decrease the immunoreactivity of the targeted protein, and the etching process using hydrogen peroxide or sodium periodate results in deosmification and shades off the signals of mRNA. To resolve these problems, we have recently used LR White resin for tissue embedment. In LR White resin-embedded tissues, retrieval of immunoreactivity using hydrogen peroxide or sodium periodate is not required, and, therefore, the gradation of the signals of mRNA can be avoided. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003283016889
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of biotinylated oligonucleotide probes to the detection of pituitary hormone mRNA using Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization at the light- and electron-microscope levels (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 26 (1994), S. 771-777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary There have been many reports on radioisotopic in situ hybridization (ISH) studies for the demonstration of pituitary hormone mRNAs in normal pituitary gland and pituitary adenomas. Recent studies have revealed that non-radioisotopic ISH has several advantages over the radioisotopic method. Using ISH with biotinylated oligonucleotide probes, we have been able to localize various pituitary hormone mRNAs in paraffin wax or frozen sections of rat normal pituitary gland and human pituitary adenomas. For control studies we used ISH with sense probes, ISH without probes, pretreatment with ribonuclease, ISH with a probe for β-actin and Northern blot hybridization. Using biotinylated probes, gene transcripts of rat growth hormone and prolactin were detected by Northern blot hybridization. The same biotinylated probes were used not only for light microscope ISH but also for the electron microscopical demonstration of rat growth hormone and prolactin mRNAs on the polysomes of the rough endoplasmic reticula. It is emphasized that biotinylated oligonucleotide probes are useful for the analysis of pituitary endocrine function because they are applicable to the three hybridization methods, namely, Northern blot hybridization and ISH at the light and electron microscope levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188075
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