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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological anomalies induced by Congo red in Aspergillus niger (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 137 (1984), S. 185-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Aspergillus ; Hyphal extension ; Chitin microfibril formation ; Congo red ; Morphogenetic abnormalities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aspergillus niger germ tubes were exposed for 6 h to 0.15 mg/ml of Congo red, a stain which prevents chitin microfibril assembly. The most evident alterations, detected under ultraviolet light and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, concerned the hyphal tips which burst or, most frequently, expanded into bulges. In the latter structures, new hyphal tips appeared which, after giving rise to more or less developed hyphae, were themselves converted into new bulges. Therefore, segments derived from isotropic and polarized growth alternated in the organisms exposed to the dye. An interpretation of these abnormalities is advanced based upon the assumption that the maintainance of a regular gradient of wall viscosity in the hyphal extension zone depends primarily on the capability of glycan chains to form crystalline aggregates of increasing complexity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414540
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhodamine 123 as a vital stain for mitochondria of plant cells (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 11 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Rhodamine 123 (Rh 123), a relatively new mitochondrial marker, little used in the study of plant cells, was tested on excized leaves of Elodea canadensis Michx. and on suspension-cultured cells of Ranunculus serbicus Vis. In both preparations, the dye accumulated rapidly and selectively in the mitochondria whose number, morphology and cell distribution could be easily observed. In the presence of Rh 123, cytoplasmic movements could also be perceived and the spatial arrangement of the mitochondria with respect to that of the auto-fluorescent chloroplasts was studied in connection with a normal or altered cytoskeletal framework. The specific uptake of Rh 123 by the organdies seemed to be potential-dependent since it was influenced by cations, ionophores and inhibitors of electron transport. Short exposures to the stain were practically non-toxic, whereas prolonged treatments (6–20 h) provoked specific alterations in structure of the mitochondria. The data reported here indicate that Rh 123 may be an excellent vital stain to study the morphology, function and dynamics of the mitochondria in living plant cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11604901
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pigment formation in a colourless strain ofTrichophyton mentagrophytes after phosfon D treatment (1974)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 30 (1974), S. 203-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto Il Phosfon D, composto ritardante la crescita nelle piante superiori, induce la comparsa di pigmenti chinonici in un ceppo incolore del fungo dermato fitaTrichophyton mentagrophytes. Viene ipotizzato che il Phosfon D dereprima i geni per gli enzimi catalizzanti la sintesi dei pigmenti neoformati.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01927736
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural characterization of microbodies and Woronin bodies inTrichophyton mentagrophytes (1975)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 949-951 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Microbodies and Woronin bodies, organelles surrounded by a single unit membrane, were identified in the hyphal cells ofTrichophyton mentagrophytes by employing a fixative containing TAPO. The fine structure of the organelles is described and their possible significance discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358870
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a new pyrazolo [3, 4-d]pyrimidine on growth and morphology of Candida albicans (1986)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 93 (1986), S. 189-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new pyrazolo [3, 4-d]pyrimidine derivative was synthesized and its antifungal activity evaluated in vitro against mycelial and yeast cells of Candida albicans. The most striking ultrastructural changes following treatment with 10–30 μg/ml (mycelia) and 25–75 μg/ml (yeasts) consisted in the deterioration of the organelle membranes and in aberrant thickenings of the cell wall. The complete disorganization of the cytoplasmic structures seemed to be the final event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443523
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifungal properties of some pyrazolyl-alkyl-sulfides (1981)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 74 (1981), S. 7-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four 5-amino-4-alkylthio-pyrazoles were synthesized and their antifungal activity was evaluated in vitro in Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum cookei and Candida albicans. The compounds slightly influenced the growth kinetics of the yeast, but at concentrations ranging from 20 to 40 μg/ml completely prevented the mycelial growth of the two dermatophytes cultivated on Sabouraud's agar medium. An electron microscopic study, undertaken by using the most active compound, showed that in C. albicans mitochondria were the only cell targets affected whereas in the dermatophytes cell wall, plasmalemma and the main cytoplasmic organelles were damaged in various degrees. Since the most remarkable alterations were connected with membrane abnormalities, the cytological changes observed were tentatively interpreted as a consequence of the compound intrusion into the lipid bilayer of the membranes, since the drug is lipophilic in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441435
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Submicroscopic morphology of trichophyton mentagrophytes grown at different temperatures (1977)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 61 (1977), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several modifications were observed in Trichophyton mentagrophytes cultivated at 19° and 37 °C, i.e. nine degrees below and above the optimum of 28 °C. The phenomena included inhibition of the growth rate, changes in the gross aspects of the cultures as well as of the microscopic and submicroscopic morphology of the hyphal cells. At the ultrastructural level, in particular, it was shown that, at the suboptimal temperature, although the organelle structure in both young and aged hyphal cells remained nearly unchanged, unusual bodies of probable storage significance and plasmalemmasomes were formed. At the supraoptimal temperature, the youngest cells showed a normal organization but were richer in glycogen clusters and enveloped by a cell wall thicker than the ones at the optimal condition. In the cells far from the apex, the endomembrane integrity was lost and consequently an autolytic activity occurred. Degradation phenomena were detectable also at cell wall level. The cytological changes observed were tentatively correlated with a possible different sensitivity of the membrane system at the experimented temperature conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440757
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binucleation and abnormal chromosome distribution inEuglena gracilis cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 114 (1983), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Dimethyl sulfoxide ; Euglena gracilis ; Binucleation ; Karyological abnormalities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The addition of 5% of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to cultures ofEuglena gracilis in the logarithmic phase of growth caused an immediate inhibition of cell multiplication and motility without completely blocking nuclear division. Importantly, some 50% of the cells were 2–3 times larger than normal and were also binucleate after 24–48 hours of treatment. Evidently binucleation resulted from the lack of cytokinesis after mitosis was induced. Transmission electron microscopy, using serial sections, showed the occurrence of nuclei either with a normal or a reduced number of chromatin masses. Solvent withdrawal led to a rapid recovery of all the normal cell activities. On the contrary, 2.5% of DMSO produced no effect during the entire period of treatment (48 hours), whereas a 1-hour exposure to 10% of the solvent was sufficient to provoke aspecific and irreversible cellular damage. Since DMSO is known to produce alterations in actin-containing structures in a wide variety of cells types, an involvement of microfilaments in cell motility, cytokinesis and chromosome separation during mitosis inEuglena is proposed and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279869
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoskeletal structures inEuglena gracilis after triton X-100 extraction and dry cleaving (1985)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 128 (1985), S. 218-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Triton X-100 ; Dry cleaving ; Euglena gracilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A three-dimensional network of structural filaments was visible with common electron microscopes in the cytoplasm ofEuglena gracilis green cells extracted with buffers containing the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. A similar filamentous web was detected at the periphery of critical point dried cells cleaved on grids by means of an adhesive tape. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the detergent-resistent cytoskeleton showed that actin or actin-like proteins of molecular weight in the range of 43–45 K are not among the components having a structural role inEuglena. The significance of these findings was discussed in relation to the capability of the alga to change the cell shape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276344
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural alterations inEuglena gracilis exposed to the herbicide isopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate (IPC) (1982)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 111 (1982), S. 189-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Carbamate herbicide ; Euglena gracilis ; Nucleus ; Cytoskeleton ; Ultrastructural alterations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural abnormalities of various kinds and severity appeared inEuglena gracilis green cells after a 48-hour exposure to 4 × 10−4M of isoprophyl-N-phenylcarbamate (IPC), a widely used herbicide thought to affect microtubules and/or microtubule organizing centers in susceptible plant and animal species. A high proportion of cells contained nuclei in the G 2 phase of the cycle; in a significant percentage of organisms, however, structural aberrations of the nucleolus and chromosomes were evident. The pellicle outline, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and dictyosomes were also affected. The cytoplasm was rich in dense bodies which sometimes showed granular, fibrillar or tubular materials. Furthermore IPC partially inhibited flagellum regeneration after mechanical amputation. The mechanism by which IPC causes these responses remains unclear. Nevertheless, some indications suggest that the herbicide acts primarily on microtubule organizing centers. However, mitochondria, chloroplasts and nuclear constituents appear as possible additional targets of the compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281966
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