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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of commercial inocula in enhancing biodegradation of weathered crude oil contaminating a Prince William Sound beach (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 10 (1992), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Oil biodegradation ; Allochthonous bacteria ; Field testing ; Randomized block ; Oil spill ; Alkanes ; Hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary In a laboratory study evaluating the effectiveness of 10 commercial products in stimulating enhanced biodegradation of Alaska North Slope crude oil, two of the products provided significantly greater alkane degradation in closed flasks than indigenous Alaskan bacterial populations supplied only with excess nutrients. These two products, which were microbial in nature, were then taken to a Prince William Sound beach to determine if similar enhancements were achieveable in the field. A randomized complete block experiment was designed in which four small plots consisting of a no-nutrient control, a mineral nutrient plot, and two plots receiving mineral nutrients plus the two products were laid out in random order on a beach in Prince William Sound that had been contaminated 16 months earlier from the Exxon Valdez spill. These four plots comprised a ‘block’ of treatments, each oil residue weight and alkane hydrocarbon profile changes. The results indicated no significant differences (P〈0.05) among the four treatments in the 27-day time period of the experiment. A statistical power analysis, however, revealed that the variability in the data prevented a firm conclusion in this regard. Failure to detect significant differences was attributed not only to variability in the data but also to the highly weathered nature of the oil and the lack of sufficient time for biodegradation to take place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01583628
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nitrogen source on crude oil biodegradation (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 13 (1994), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Crude oil ; Biodegradation ; Nitrogen source ; Respirometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The effects of NH4Cl and KNO3 on biodegradation of light Arabian crude oil by an oil-degrading enrichment culture were studied in respirometers. In poorly buffered sea salts medium, the pH decreased dramatically in cultures that contained NH4Cl, but not in those supplied with KNO3. The ammonia-associated pH decline was severe enough to completely stop oil biodegradation as measured by oxygen uptake. Regular adjustment of the culture pH allowed oil biodegradation to proceed normally. A small amount of nitrate accumulated in all cultures that contained ammonia, but nitrification accounted for less than 5% of the acid that was observed. The nitrification inhibitor, nitrapyrin, had no effect on the production of nitrate or acid in ammonia-containing cultures. When the culture pH was controlled, either by regular adjustment of the culture pH or by supplying adequate buffering capacity in the growth medium, the rate and extent of oil biodegradation were similar in NH4Cl- and KNO3-containing cultures. the lag time was shorter in pH-controlled cultures supplied with ammonia than in nitrate-containing cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569729
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Model for diffusion controlled bioavailability of crude oil components (1997)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 8 (1997), S. 287-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: asphaltene ; bioavailability ; biodegradation ; crude oil ; diffusivity ; modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Crude oil is a complex mixture ofseveral different structural classes of compoundsincluding alkanes, aromatics, heterocyclic polarcompounds, and asphaltenes. The rate and extent ofmicrobial degradation of crude oil depends on theinteraction between the physical and biochemicalproperties of the biodegradable compounds and theirinteractions with the non-biodegradable fraction. Inthis study we have systematically altered theconcentration of non-biodegradable material in thecrude oil and analyzed its impact on transport of thebiodegradable components of crude oil to themicroorganisms. We have also developed a mathematicalmodel that explains and accounts for the dependence ofbiodegradation of crude oil through a putativebioavailability parameter. Experimental resultsindicate that as the asphaltene concentration in oilincreases, the maximum oxygen uptake in respirometersdecreases. The mathematically fitted bioavailabilityparameter of degradable components of oil alsodecreases as the asphaltene concentration increases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008293024768
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of commercial products in enhancing oil biodegradation in closed laboratory reactors (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 10 (1992), S. 13-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Bioaugmentation ; Hydrocarbon biodegradation ; Alkanes ; Aromatics ; Respirometry ; Oxygen uptake ; Crude oil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A laboratory screening protocol was designed and conducted to test the efficacy of eight commercial bacterial cultures and two non-bacterial products in enhancing the biodegradation of weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil in closed flasks. Three lines of evidence were used to support the decision to progress to field testing in Prince William Sound: rapid onset and high rate of oxygen uptake, substantial growth of oil degraders, and significant degradation of the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of the weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil. A product had to enhance biodegradation greater than that achieved with excess mineral nutrients. Experiments were conducted in closed respirometer flasks and shake flasks, using seawater from Prince William Sound and weathered crude oil from a contaminated beach. Analysis of the data resulted in selection of two of the ten products for field testing. Both were bacterial products. Findings suggested that the indigenous Alaskan microorganisms were primarily responsible for the biodegradation in the closed flasks and respirometer vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01583629
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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