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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging findings in diffuse axonal injury after closed head trauma (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 960-965 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Brain ; hemorrhage ; Brain ; injuries ; Brain ; MR ; Brain ; CT ; MR ; gradient echo imaging ; MR ; FLAIR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Even in patients with closed head trauma, brain parenchyma can be severely injured due to disruption of axonal fibers by shearing forces during acceleration, deceleration, and rotation of the head. In this article we review the spectrum of imaging findings in patients with diffuse axonal injuries (DAI) after closed head trauma. Knowledge of the location and imaging characteristics of DAI is important to radiologists for detection and diagnosis. Common locations of DAI include: cerebral hemispheric gray-white matter interface and subcortical white matter, body and splenium of corpus callosum, basal ganglia, dorsolateral aspect of brainstem, and cerebellum. In the acute phase, CT may show punctate hemorrhages. The true extent of brain involvement is better appreciated with MR imaging, because both hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic lesions (gliotic scars) can be detected. The MR appearance of DAI lesions depends on several factors, including age of injury, presence of hemorrhage or blood-breakdown products (e. g., hemosiderin), and type of sequence used. Technical aspects in MR imaging of these patients are discussed. Non-hemorrhagic lesions can be detected with fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), proton-density-, or T2-weighted images, whereas gradient echo sequences with long TE increase the visibility of old hemorrhagic lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050496
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The course of vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage in rats (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 117 (1992), S. 48-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Subarachnoid haemorrhage ; vasospasm ; angiography ; rat brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The course of vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage in rats was studied using vertebrobasilar angiography. Wistar and Sprague Dawley rats were compared with respect to vasospastic response after bleeding. A more pronounced vasospasm was found in Sprague Dawley rats. In order to avoid a possible toxic effect on the contrast medium, only one angiogram per animal was initially performed. However, a comparison with the results obtained in a separate series of non-challenged animals demonstrated a difficulty due to high variability in basilar artery size in the latter group. Therefore, vasospasm can be more readily shown if multiple angiograms are used in the same animal so that the vasospasm can be expressed as a percentage of the initial diameter of the basilar artery. It was found that multiple angiograms are well tolerated when nonionic contrast media are used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400635
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochemically-induced cerebral infarction in the rat: Comparison of NMR imaging and histologic changes (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 122 (1993), S. 250-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral infarction ; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging ; histology ; rat brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The evolution of a photochemically induced cerebral thrombotic infarction was followed in rats during the first week after the insult by means of NMR imaging and histology. Heavily T2-weighted images provided an excellent lesion detection and a high specificity for the discrimination of different histological abnormalities. The T2-weighted images showed a brain lesion evolving during the first 24h from a homogeneous hyperintense area, histologically corresponding to diffuse vasogenic and cytotoxic oedema with concomitant neuronal necrosis, to an iso-intense area with a hyperintense seam, which microscopically correlated with increased vascular permeability at the periphery of the lesion. The hyperintense seam was observed up to day 7, but at that time coincided with gliomesodermal repair reaction which could be verified histochemically and ultrastructurally. It may be concluded that NMR-micro-imaging at a moderately high field, enables early detection and adequate followup of small cerebral infarctions in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405538
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracerebral temperature monitoring in severely head injured patients (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 134 (1995), S. 76-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brain temperature ; head trauma ; neurosurgical intensive care
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a series of 6 severely head injured patients, intraventricular as well as rectal, bladder and jugular vein temperature is recorded. The relationship between these temperatures in different conditions is evaluated. Intracerebral temperature is 0.5±0.2 °C (mean ± SD) higher than bladder temperature except in conditions such as brain death. It is concluded that rectal temperature is not representative and therefore not a good alternative to the measurement of brain temperature. More data on human intracerebral temperature are mandatory as well as prospective studies correlating intracerebral temperature with final outcome in head injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01428508
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic, intracranial pressure and electrocardiographic changes following subarachnoid haemorrhage in rats (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 115 (1992), S. 118-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Subarachnoid haemorrhage ; electrocardiogram ; blood pressure ; intracranial pressure ; perfusion pressure ; rat brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experimental induction of subarachnoid haemorrhage in rats resulted in acute haemodynamic changes. Heart rate decreased concomitantly with a rise in arterial blood pressure. Intracranial pressure increased and consequently cerebral perfusion pressure dropped. These changes as well as the observed electrocardiographic (ECG) changes were comparable to those reported in patients. Apart from blood also saline, when introduced into the cisterna magna, was able to elicit such abnormalities. The haemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes, which result from subarachnoid haemorrhage, may even become aggravated, when repetitive injections of blood or saline are given into the cisterna magna and when cerebral angiography is performed prior to induction of the subarachnoid haemorrhage. Chronic intracranial pressure monitoring during the 48 hours following subarachnoid haemorrhage revealed no significant rise in pressure. A thorough control of the experimental conditions is thus of utmost importance in order to give a valid interpretation of the observed anomalies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01406369
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The value of MRI in the diagnosis of postoperative spondylodiscitis (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 580-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spine ; surgery ; Infection ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the role of MRI in the diagnosis of postoperative spondylodiscitis. Spondylodiscitis is a serious complication of surgery, and the diagnosis frequently depends on a combination of clinical, laboratory and imaging findings. We compared the MRI findings in six patients with biopsy- or surgery-proven spondylodiscitis with those in 38 asymptomatic postoperative patients. Contrast enhancement and signal changes in the intervertebral disc or the vertebral endplates are not specific for spondylodiscitis, being also seen in the asymptomatic patients. However, absence of Modic type 1 changes, of contrast enhancement of the disc or of enhancing paravertebral soft tissues suggests that the patient does not have spondylodiscitis. MRI appears more useful for exclusion than for confirmation of postoperative spondylodiscitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000361
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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