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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging findings in diffuse axonal injury after closed head trauma (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 960-965 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Brain ; hemorrhage ; Brain ; injuries ; Brain ; MR ; Brain ; CT ; MR ; gradient echo imaging ; MR ; FLAIR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Even in patients with closed head trauma, brain parenchyma can be severely injured due to disruption of axonal fibers by shearing forces during acceleration, deceleration, and rotation of the head. In this article we review the spectrum of imaging findings in patients with diffuse axonal injuries (DAI) after closed head trauma. Knowledge of the location and imaging characteristics of DAI is important to radiologists for detection and diagnosis. Common locations of DAI include: cerebral hemispheric gray-white matter interface and subcortical white matter, body and splenium of corpus callosum, basal ganglia, dorsolateral aspect of brainstem, and cerebellum. In the acute phase, CT may show punctate hemorrhages. The true extent of brain involvement is better appreciated with MR imaging, because both hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic lesions (gliotic scars) can be detected. The MR appearance of DAI lesions depends on several factors, including age of injury, presence of hemorrhage or blood-breakdown products (e. g., hemosiderin), and type of sequence used. Technical aspects in MR imaging of these patients are discussed. Non-hemorrhagic lesions can be detected with fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), proton-density-, or T2-weighted images, whereas gradient echo sequences with long TE increase the visibility of old hemorrhagic lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050496
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of MR field strength on the detection of focal liver lesions with superparamagnetic iron oxide (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 887-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; Liver ; Contrast media ; Liver neoplasms ; Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to compare the value of low- vs high-field MR systems in the detection of focal liver lesions after IV administration of iron oxide particles. A prospective study was undertaken which included 20 patients with focal liver lesions on CT or US, or strong clinical suspicion of focal liver disease. Iron oxide particles were administered in an IV drip infusion over 30 min. Magnetic resonance imaging was subsequently performed on a 0.2 and a 1.5-T system. Both examinations were performed in one session. Turbo spin-echo T2-weighted sequences were used for further analysis (at 0.2 T: TR 4050 ms, TE 96 ms; 1.5 T: TR 3000 ms, TE 103 ms). After randomisation, images were analysed by two blinded readers. The evaluation included lesion counts, determination of lesion conspicuity and overall image quality (both graded on a scale 1–5). Quantitative analysis was performed on 29 lesions. Lesion-to-liver signal intensity and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were calculated. The total lesion count (cumulative counts for two observers) was 59 on the high-field system and 63 on the low-field system. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference. On both systems median value for lesion conspicuity was 3. No statistically significant difference was found. Global image quality was rated higher on the high-field system: 3 vs 2 for the low-field system (p = 0.0017). Quantitative analysis showed no significant difference for lesion-to-liver signal intensity ratios or CNRs. Although subjective image quality is significantly better on the high-field system, this does not result in better lesion detection or better lesion conspicuity. No significant difference in objective quantitative parameters was found in our series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050222
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of field strength on gadolinium enhancement in MR imaging (1994)
    Springer
    European radiology 4 (1994), S. 557-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: MR ; Contrast media ; Gadolinium ; Contrast enhancement ; Field strength
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This studv was designed to evaluate the influence of magnetic field strength on the relative enhancement effect (RE) of gadolinium (Gd)-chelates. Dilution series of two paramagnetic contrast agents (Gd-DTPA and Gd-DOTA) were examined in three commercially available MR systems. operating at different field strengths (02 T, 1. T, and 1.5 T). The RE was plotted against Gd concentration. The highest increases in signal intensity occurred with Gd concentrations of approximately L.0 mmol/L. No significant difference in RE was observed between MR systems ranging in field strength from 0.? T to 1.5 T. The RE of Gd-DTPA and Gd-DOTA was found to he equivalent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226829
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient uterine contraction mimicking adenomyosis on MRI (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 54-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Uterus ; anatomy ; Uterus ; MRI ; Uterus ; myometrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Transient myometrial contraction as a physiological phenomenon may simulate pathological conditions, such as a focal or diffuse adenomyosis. Clinicians should be aware of the potential presence of this phenomenon and imaging should be repeated after a suitable interval when the nature of a bulge or a region of low intensity in the myometrium is in doubt. In this paper, we report a transient myometrial contraction that mimics an adenomyosis, but disappears in repeated series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050337
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereotaxic target calculation (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 124 (1993), S. 34-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Stereotaxis ; computed tomography (CT) ; magnetic resonance (MR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Modern neuro-imaging techniques have significantly increased the accuracy of stereotactic procedures and have thereby generated a renewed interest in guided brain surgery. This paper describes the neuroradiological aspects of stereotaxic target calculation (x-, y-, z-coordinates) using the Riechert-Mundinger (FisherTM) frame for computed tomography (CT). Selected cases are shown, illustrating patient positioning, CT technique, target identification and calculation. The importance of obtaining pre- and post-stereotaxic CT examinations is emphasized. Finally, future developments such as magnetic resonance (MR) guided stereotaxis and integrated functional-anatomical computer generated 3-dimensional maps, are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400713
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereotactic indications for neuroradiological differential diagnosis (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 124 (1993), S. 31-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: MR brain ; CT brain ; cerebral angiography ; stereotactic biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The modern neurodiagnostic techniques of MR imaging, CT scanning and angiography provide valuable morphological information that, although highly sensitive to tumour localisation, still lacks comparable specificity as to the exact histological nature of those lesions demonstrated. Biopsy remains necessary. To patients with potentially inoperable lesions or lesions best treated by chemotherapy or irradiation, modern techniques of neurosurgery now offer the option of precise stereotactic biopsy through small twist-drill burr holes as opposed to open biopsy. The interrelationships between MR, CT, angiography and stereotactic biopsy and their respective roles in the establishment of a definitive diagnosis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400712
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and incidence of degenerative spine changes in patients with a lumbo-sacral transitional vertebra (1997)
    Springer
    European spine journal 6 (1997), S. 168-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Transitional vertebrae ; Suprajacent degenerations ; Spine CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the overall incidence and distribution of lumbo-sacral degenerative changes (i.e. disc protrusion or extrusion, facet degeneration, disc degeneration, nerve root canal stenosis and spinal stenosis) in patients with and without a lumbo-sacral transitional vertebra (LSTV). The study population consisted of 350 sequential patients with low back pain and/or sciatica, referred for medical imaging. In all cases CT scans of the lumbosacral region were obtained. In 53 subjects (15%) an LSTV was found. There was no difference in overall incidence of degenerative spine changes between the two groups. We did find, however, a different distribution pattern of degenerative changes between patients with and those without an LSTV Disc protrusion and/or extrusion occurred more often at the level suprajacent to the LSTV than at the same level in patients without LSTV (45.3% vs 30.3%). This was also the case for disc degeneration (52.8% vs 28%), facet degeneration (60.4% vs 42.6%) and nerve root canal stenosis (52.8% vs 27.9%). For spinal canal stenosis there was no statistically significant difference between the two categories. In conclusion, our findings indicate that an LSTV does not in itself constitute a risk factor for degenerative spine changes, but when degeneration occurs, it is more likely to be found at the disc level above the LSTV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01301431
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral ganglioglioma and neurofibromatosis type I (1991)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 33 (1991), S. 357-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Ganglioglioma ; Neurofibromatosis ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report the occurrence of a left frontal lobe ganglioglioma in a patient with neurofibromatosis type I (von Recklinghausen's disease) and conclude that the occurrence of a cerebral ganglioglioma in a patient with neurofibromatosis must probably be considered coincidental.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587825
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nervous system manifestations and neuroradiologic findings in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1989)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 31 (1989), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: AIDS ; Central nervous system ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report a series of thirteen patients with nervous system complications out of a total of thirty AIDS patients admitted to our hospital over the last two years for which CT and/or MRI have been performed. Five were homosexual men and eight patients (5 men, 3 women) were of African origin (Zaïre and Rwanda) (n=5) or had had sexual intercourse with the local African population (n=3). The nervous system complications encountered included: toxoplasma gondii brain abscess (2 patients); cryptococcus neoformans meningitis+toxoplasmosis (1 patient); toxoplasmosis+lymphoma (2 patients); progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (1 patient); lymphocytic meningitis or encephalitis (3 patients); lymphoma (1 patient); polyradiculoneuritis (3 patients). Three of thirteen patients had multiple intracranial abnormalities: one had concomitant intraparenchymal toxoplasma abscess and cryptococcal meningitis; in one patient a lymphoma developed after the successful medical treatment of a toxoplasma abscess; conversely, one patient developed a toxoplasma abscess two years after mediastinal radiotherapy for a systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In conclusion, in our experience, nervous system toxoplasmosis is the most frequent AIDS related CNS complication. Our series demonstrates the high frequency of a second neurological disease occurring either concomitantly or separately. In these cases, while CT may readily identify the intracranial abnormalities, it contributes little towards an etiological diagnosis. Finally, our series illustrates the importance of a central African endemic focus for AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00342027
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroradiologic findings in leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: the value interest of gadolinium-enhanced MRI (1990)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 32 (1990), S. 26-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cancer ; Brain neoplasms ; Leptomeningeal metastases ; Spinal cord metastases ; MR ; Gadolinium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four patients with leptomeningeal metastases documented by neuroradiological examinations are reported. All had central nervous system or systemic neoplasms and showed clinical signs of carcinomatous meningitis. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI (Gd-MRI) disclosed for each patient pathological foci, allowing delineation of the extent of meningeal disease. Although non-specific, these findings, combined with the clinical context and CSF analysis, may lead to a rapid diagnosis and treatment of carcinomatous meningitis, even when malignant cells are not detected in the cerebrospinal fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593937
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