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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial prediction of categorical variables with the Bayesian Maximum Entropy approach: the Ooypolder case study (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 55 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Categorical variables such as water table status are often predicted using the indicator kriging (IK) formalism. However, this method is known to suffer from important limitations that are most frequently solved by ad hoc solutions and approximations. Recently, the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) approach has proved its ability to predict categorical variables efficiently and in a flexible way. In this paper, we apply this approach to the Ooypolder data set for the prediction of the water table classes from a sample data set. BME is compared with IK using global as well as local criteria. The inconsistencies of the IK predictor are emphasized and it is shown how BME permits avoiding them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00628.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of a bite-plane according to Jeanmonod, on bruxism activity during sleep (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  One way to look at nocturnal oral parafunction such as bruxism, is using polysomnography. Although in recent years several studies have been carried out, it is almost impossible to compare the respective results because of the lack of standardization in the methodology used. The nocturnal muscular activity of m. Masseter and m. Temporalis Anterior has been registered in 21 patients suffering from bruxism, prior and after treatment with a bite-plane made according to Jeanmonod. A group of five persons without any dental or muscular parafunction has been included as a control. A computer program based on the biomechanical principles of muscle contraction has been developed and was used to analyse the raw electromyography (EMG) signal. The data shows a significant decrease (P = 0·008) in nocturnal parafunctional muscle activity with the bite-plane in situ. The present study shows that by analysing the raw signal obtained via EMG using a specially designed computer program, it becomes possible to isolate the occurrence of parafunctional events in the EMG signal and to study the influence of a given therapy on this EMG signal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00942.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel Markers for Alternative Activation of Macrophages: Macrophage Galactose-Type C-Type Lectins 1 and 2 (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In parallel with the Th1/Th2 dichotomy, macrophages are capable of developing into functionally and molecularly distinct subpopulations, due to differences in, for example cytokine environment and pathological conditions. While the best-studied, classically activated macrophage is induced by type I stimuli such as IFN-γ, a type II cytokine environment antagonizes the classical activation of macrophages and is capable of alternatively activating macrophages. However, molecular markers associated with these type II cytokine-dependent, alternatively activated macrophages remain scarce. Besides the earlier documented markers macrophage mannose receptor and arginase 1, we recently demonstrated that murine alternatively activated macrophages are characterized by increased expression of FIZZ1 and Ym. We now report that expression of the two members of the mouse macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin gene family, termed mMGL1 and mMGL2, is induced in diverse populations of alternatively activated macrophages, including peritoneal macrophages elicited during infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei or the Helminth Taenia crassiceps, and alveolar macrophages elicited in a mouse model of allergic asthma. We also demonstrate that, in vitro, interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 upregulate mMGL1 and mMGL2 expression and that, in vivo, induction of mMGL1 and mMGL2 is dependent on interleukin-4 receptor signalling. Moreover, we show that regulation of MGL expression is similar in human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Hence, macrophage galactose-type C-type lectins represent novel markers for both murine and human alternatively activated macrophages; thus, paving the way for further characterization of the phenotype of macrophages occurring in Th2 conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01423m.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenylate cyclase stimulation by VIP in rat and human parotid membranes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 17 (1987), S. 339-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Keywords: Cholera toxin-stimulated ADP-ribosylation ; Forskolin ; Guanyl nucleotide-binding stimulatory protein (Ns) ; Isoproterenol ; Peptide histidine isoleucinamide (PHI) ; Secretin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(87)90057-7
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic analysis of spatiotemporal solute content measurements using a regression model (1997)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 11 (1997), S. 267-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Space/time processes ; stochastic analysis ; regression model ; solute contents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A regression model is used to study spatiotemporal distributions of solute content ion concentration data (calcium, chloride and nitrate), which provide important water contamination indicators. The model consists of three random and one deterministic components. The random space/time component is assumed to be homogeneous/stationary and to have a separable covariance. The purely spatial and the purely temporal random components are assumed to have homogenous and stationary increments, respectively. The deterministic component represents the space/time mean function. Inferences of the random components involve maximum likelihood and semi-parametric methods under some restrictions on the data configuration. Computational advantages and modelling limitations of the assumptions underlying the regression model are discussed. The regression model leads to simplifications in the space/time kriging and cokriging systems used to obtain space/time estimates at unobservable locations/instants. The application of the regression model in the study of the solute content ions was done at a global scale that covers the entire region of interest. The variability analysis focuses on the calculation of the spatial direct and cross-variograms and the evaluation of correlations between the three solute content ions. The space/time kriging system is developed in terms of the space direct and cross-variograms, and allows the separate estimation of the regression model components. Maps of these components are then obtained for each one of the three ions. Using the estimates of the purely spatial component, spatial dependencies between the ions are studied. Physical causes and consequences of the space/time variability are discussed, and comparisons are made with previous analyses of the solute content dataset.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02427919
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroradiologic findings in leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: the value interest of gadolinium-enhanced MRI (1990)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 32 (1990), S. 26-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cancer ; Brain neoplasms ; Leptomeningeal metastases ; Spinal cord metastases ; MR ; Gadolinium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four patients with leptomeningeal metastases documented by neuroradiological examinations are reported. All had central nervous system or systemic neoplasms and showed clinical signs of carcinomatous meningitis. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI (Gd-MRI) disclosed for each patient pathological foci, allowing delineation of the extent of meningeal disease. Although non-specific, these findings, combined with the clinical context and CSF analysis, may lead to a rapid diagnosis and treatment of carcinomatous meningitis, even when malignant cells are not detected in the cerebrospinal fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593937
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of patients with cerebral palsy and normal CT scan (1992)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 34 (1992), S. 52-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebral palsy ; Congenital hemiplegia ; Spastic diplegia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Periventricular leukomalacia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three children with clinical evidence of cerebral palsy (CP) and normal cerebral computed tomography (CT) scans were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify CT-undetectable white matter lesions in the watershed zones of arterial territories. The two patients with spastic diplegia showed bilateral lesions either in the subcortical regions or in the occipital periventricular regions. The patient with congenital hemiplegia exhibited unilateral lesions in the periventricular region. We conclude that MRI is more informative than CT for the evaluation of patients with CP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588433
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cAMP and ATP on the hyperpolarization-activated current in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons (1997)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 434 (1997), S. 543-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons ; Hyperpolarization-activated current ; Ih ; cAMP ; ATP ; Rp- and Sp-cAMPS ; Resting membrane potential ; Activation curve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons the activation curve of the hyperpolarization-activated current (I h) shifted towards depolarized potentials when cAMP was present in the pipette. The relation between the midpoint potential and cAMP concentration could be described by a Hill function with a half-maximal concentration of 0.55 μM cAMP, reflecting a direct action of cAMP on the channel. With 5 mM ATP and a saturating concentration of cAMP an additional shift of the midpoint potential is observed which can be explained by phosphorylation. Application of Rp-cAMPS and Sp-cAMPS support the hypothesis of both a phosphorylation pathway and a direct effect exhibited by these molecules. The bell-shaped curves, relating the time constants for the slow and fast current components to the voltage, shifted towards positive membrane potentials when cAMP and ATP were in the pipette. The fully activated I h/voltage relation and the reversal potential were not dependent on the presence of cAMP or ATP in the pipette. The mean resting membrane potential of –59 mV, using the perforated-patch configuration, hyperpolarized in the presence of extracellular CsCl. In the whole-cell configuration the resting membrane potential was significantly more negative at 0 μM cAMP (–61 mV) than at 100 μM cAMP (–57 mV). Thus, the activation of I h, regulated by both the intracellular cAMP and the ATP concentration, may influence the excitability of DRG neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050434
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of 4-aminopyridine on inward rectifying and pacemaker currents of cardiac purkinje fibres (1982)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 394 (1982), S. 230-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Purkinje strands ; Ionic currents ; 4-AP ; Cs ; Ba
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), in a concentration of 1–5mM, prolongs the action potential duration, induces spontaneous activity and depolarizes sheep cardiac Purkinje strands. These effects are different from those obtained with 0.1mM and are reversible. 2. Voltage clamp experiments demonstrate that the higher drug concentrations affect membrane currents measured in the potential range between-100 and-40mV, in addition to the reduction of the transient outward current already described for small amounts of the drug (0.1–0.5mM). 3. The analysis of membrane current modifications by 4-AP in the presence of cesium and barium ions indicates that 4-AP, in the higher concentration range, reduces the inward rectifying time independent potassium currenti K1 and modifies the voltage dependence of the time and voltage dependent pacemaker current. The steady-state activation curve of the pacemaker, current is shifted towards less negative potentials and is less steeply voltage dependent. The time constant (τ) curve has an increased maximum, displaced towards less negative potentials. 4. The modifications by 4-AP of thei K1 and pacemaker currents explain the changes in resting potential, action potential duration and the induction of spontaneous activity. The latter effect is not the result of an indirect effect of 4-AP through increased release of neurotransmitters from sympathetic nerve endings. A possible action of 4-AP at the inside of the membrane, explaining the multiple actions, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589097
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pace-maker current changes during intracellular pH transients in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres (1985)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 404 (1985), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Purkinje fibres ; Pace-maker current ; Intracellular pH ; Shift
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. Intracellular acidosis, at constant extracellular pH, hyperpolarizes the resting potential and reduces the diastolic depolarization rate of cardiac Purkinje fibres. With alkaline pHi, the fibre depolarizes and spontaneous firing is observed. 2. Intracellular pH transients induced either by superfusion with Tyrode buffered with 5% CO2/23 mM HCO 3 − or 16% CO2/61 mM HCO 3 − , or with solutions containing weak undissociated acids, transiently shifted the half-maximum activation potentialE 0.5 of the pace-maker current. Similar transients were observed when NH4Cl was added and subsequently withdrawn from the solution. 3. Simultaneous pHi measurements demonstrate a close relation between the time course of the pHi andE 0.5 variations. Acid pHi shiftsE 0.5 to more negative and alkaline pHi's to less negative potentials. 4. These pace-maker current activation voltage shifts are interpreted as the direct consequence of fixed charges titration at the inside of the sarcolemma. Other effects, like the slowing-down and reduction of the pace-maker current by acid pHi, presumably result from other interactions of protons with the pace-maker channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581487
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