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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of indomethacin in premature newborns with patent ductus arteriosus (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: patent ductus arteriosus ; indomethacin ; premature newborns ; pharmacokinetics ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A review of the published data on pharmacological closure of PDA in premature newborns shows that doses of 0.2 mg/kg indomethacin are less successful when given enterally (18 to 85% closure) than when given intravenously (88 to 90% closure). The elimination half-life is markedly prolonged in premature newborns compared to adults but there are wide differences between the patients and some discrepancies between mean values reported by various authors. The present study compares clinical and pharmacological results obtained in two groups of low birth weight infants with symptomatic PDA and treated with 0.2 mg/kg indomethacin: 7 patients treated enterally (group A) and 11 patients treated intravenously (group B). Permanent closure of the ductus was observed in 4 cases in group A and in 9 cases in group B. Transient closure was observed twice in each group. Of a total of 18 infants, 15 were saved (83%). One baby treated with indomethacin in spite of preexisting oliguria died from persistent anuria. Indomethacin plasma levels were measured by gas chromatography. The mean elimination half-life of the drug in group A (40.3±12.2 h) did not differ from that in group B (33.9±11.7 h). The apparent plasma half-life appears to be inversely correlated with gestational age (r=0.66,p〈0.05). No relationship between peak plasma levels and ductal closure was established, but a significant difference was found for area under the curve (0 to 24 h) between patients in whom a permanent closure was obtained and those in whom the closure was either transient or absent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561483
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    To nurse when receiving acebutolol: Is it dangerous for the neonate? (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 737-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: acebutolol ; neonates ; beta-blocking agents ; perinatal pharmacology ; excretion in milk ; transplacental passage ; diacetolol ; neonatal beta-blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of acebutolol and of its main active metabolite diacetolol in milk and plasma were studied in 7 hypertensive mothers treated with acebutolol, a cardioselective β-adrenoceptor blocking agent. Clinical monitoring on their newborn babies was also done, as well as measurement of plasma level of the drug in them. The ratio between milk and plasma concentrations ranged from 1.9 to 9.2 for acebutolol and from 2.3 to 24.7 for diacetolol, and in any given milk sample, the diacetolol concentration was always higher than that of acebutolol. In a newborn infant, plasma concentrations of the two transplacentally acquired substances was raised when breast feeding started and remained high. Clinical signs of pharmacological β-blockade were observed. Evaluation of the iatrogenic risk shows that pharmacologically active amounts of acebutolol might be received by a neonate if the daily maternal dosage exceeds 400 mg/day and/or renal function in the mother is impaired.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00608227
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Placental transfer and perinatal pharmacokinetics of betaxolol (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Betaxolol ; Milk ; Neonates ; Placental Transfer ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Betaxolol levels in blood were monitored in the perinatal period in 28 pregnant hypertensive women and in their babies. In the mothers betaxolol concentrations at delivery ranged from 〈1 to 115 ng · ml−1 after doses of 10 to 40 mg · day−1. The apparent blood half-life was 15.6 to 22.1 h mean (19 h). Umbilical cord levels indicated a rapid equilibrium between fetal and maternal units (ratio 0.93) within few hours after dosing. Milk betaxolol concentrations, measured in few cases, exceeded those in blood by a factor of 3. Amniotic fluid concentrations were similar to those observed in maternal venous blood and umbilical cord blood. In neonates, the blood betaxolol half-life ranged from 14.8 to 38.5 h, with a definite trend towards a negative correlation with gestational age. A 11–61% rise in the betaxolol concentration was observed in 64% of the neonates during the first 12 h of extrauterine life. The data indicate that betaxolol kinetics is not altered in pregnant women and they stress the need for careful and prolonged (72–96 h) intensive monitoring of neonates born to hypertensive mothers treated with β-blocking agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02336687
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of furosemide in neonates (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: furosemide ; neonates ; kinetics ; placental transfer ; intravenous therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of furosemide was evaluated in 12 newborns who received the drug transplacentally, and in 21 neonates who received it directly for therapeutic reasons. In the first group, the apparent plasma half-lives ranged from 96 to 6.8 h with a significant inverse relationship (p〈0.01) between the gestational age and the elimination rate. In two cases a clear effect on diuresis was also observed. In the neonates receiving the drug i.v. for therapeutic reasons, the elimination kinetics appeared to follow a two-compartment open model, with a significant difference in the therminal plasma half-life between premature (26.8±12.2 h) and full-term newborns (13.4±8.6 h). In this group no relationship was observed between elimination rate and either gestational or conceptional age. In the case of repeated administration, an increase in plasma clearance and reduction in t1/2 β was noticed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606423
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of persistent fetal circulation syndrome of the newborn. Comparison of different doses of tolazoline (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 569-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: tolazoline ; neonates ; persistent fetal circulation ; pharmacodynamic effects ; pharmacokinetics ; pulmonary circulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of two doses of tolazoline have been compared in 2 groups of newborns suffering from the persistent fetal circulation syndrome. The effects on PaO2 and AaDO2 were similar in the 2 groups who received either a bolus of 1 or 0.5 mg·kg−1 tolazoline, followed by a continuous infusion of 1 or 0.5 mg·kg−1·h−1. The observed changes did not differ significantly from those previously observed in babies treated with 2 mg·kg−1. A rise in PaO2 and a reduction in AaDO2 were usually observed shortly after the bolus injection and at plasma levels between 1.5 and 4 µg·ml·−1. A progressive rise in plasma level over time occurred after 1 mg·kg−1 (and in the previous study of 2 mg) but not with 0.5g/kg tolazoline. The elimination half-life of tolazoline in 6 patients was 5 to 13 h. The data suggest that continuous infusion of tolazoline is not necessarily required and that the dose of 0.5 mg/kg is more appropriate and safer than the higher doses usually proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606632
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clonazepam pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy in neonatal seizures (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 585-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clonazepam ; neonates ; convulsions ; therapeutic effect ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eighteen newborns (gestational age 28 to 42 weeks and post-natal age 0.5 to 44 days) suffering from convulsions not controlled by phenobarbital were treated with clonazepam 0.1 mg/kg (8 cases) or 0.2 mg/kg (10 cases) administered by slow intravenous infusion. The plasma half-lives in these ‘phenobarbital pretreated neonates’ were of the same order of magnitude as those reported in adults (20–43 h). Post-natal age did affect clearance, which was 50–70% less than in adults and older children. At the end of the infusion period, plasma clonazepam ranged from 28 to 117 ng/ml in the 0.1 mg/kg group and from 99 to 380 ng/ml in the 0.2 mg/kg group. In the former an immediate therapeutic response was observed in 7 out of 8 cases, and in the latter a significant and somehow delayed effect on convulsion was present only in 6 cases. The data suggest that optimal therapeutic response might already have been achieved with the 0.1 mg/kg dose. Higher doses and toxic concentrations of clonazepam may be detrimental to complete control of seizures and may expose the newborn to an unnecessary risk of adverse events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542419
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clonazepam in neonatal seizures: dose regimens and therapeutic efficacy (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 193-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Clonazepam ; neonatal convulsion ; dose regimen ; therapeutic efficacy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The attempt has been made to define the optimal dose regimen of clonazepam in newborns suffering from neonatal convulsions. Results obtained from 22 patients (GA 28–41 weeks; PNA 4 h to 23 days) indicated that a dose of 0.1 mg/kg every 24 h was satisfactory in the majority of the patients. It is recommended as a starting regimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280077
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual responses of carotid chemosensory afferents to dopamine in the newborn kitten
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Respiration Physiology 90 (1992), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-5687
    Keywords: Carotid chemoreceptors, dopamine ; Control of breathing, carotid chemoreceptors ; Mammals, cat ; Mediators, dopamine ; Pharmacological agents, dopamine receptor blocker
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0034-5687(92)90079-C
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carotid chemoreceptor response to natural stimuli in the newborn kitten
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Respiration Physiology 87 (1992), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-5687
    Keywords: CO"2 (kitten) ; Chemoreceptors ; Development ; Hypoxia ; Mammals ; O"2 ; carotid ; carotid chemoreceptors (kitten) ; kitten ; sensitivity carotid body (kitten)
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0034-5687(92)90058-5
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant lobar emphysema — Neonatal diagnosis (1979)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 8 (1979), S. 259-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Keywords: Giant lobar emphysema ; Opaque hemithorax ; Angiocardiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Giant emphysema of a lung lobe has distinctive features. Classically there is overdistension of the affected lung lobe, with one lobe only being involved, and, 50% of cases occur in the newborn infant [1, 4, 8]. The authors describe a particularly severe example with marked mediastinal shift and initially the hemithorax on the side of the lesion was opaque. Angiography was carried out and followed by resection when the infant was 4 months old.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00974047
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