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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of the fatty-acid composition in lipids of the oleaginous yeast Apiotrichum curvatum by intraspecific spheroplast fusion (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 32 (1989), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Modification of the fatty-acid composition in lipids of the oleaginous yeast Apiotrichum curvatum has been achieved by means of spheroplast fusion between a methionine auxotrophic mutant and an unsaturated fatty acid mutant. Fusion products were a result of nuclear hybridization as determined by flow-cytometric DNA-content analyses. A broad range of fatty acid composition was observed in lipids of different hybrids. In general the level of saturated fatty acids in lipids of hybrid strains is higher than in wild-type A. curvatum and in some hybrids even approaches cocoa butter. Intraspecific spheroplast fusion seems a promising approach for the production of cocoa butter equivalents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184984
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid production of revertants of Ufa mutants from the oleaginous yeast Apiotrichum curvatum (1990)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 33 (1990), S. 176-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary From six unsaturated fatty acid auxotrophs (Ufa mutants) of the oleaginous yeast Apiotrichum curvatum blocked in the conversion of stearic to oleic acid, were isolated revertants able to grow in the absence of unsaturated fatty acids, in a search for strains that can produce cocoa butter equivalents. A broad range in the percentage of saturated fatty acids (%SFA) was observed in the lipids of individual revertants (varying from 27%–86% SFA), compared with the wild-type (44% SFA). Further analysis of fatty acid composition indicated that: (i) not all six Ufa mutants had the same genetic background and (ii) one specific Ufa mutation could be reverted in more than one way. Revertants that produced lipids with a %SFA〉56%, were examined further. These strains were cultivated for 50 generations and half of them produced lipids with high %SFA after that time and were defined as stable. The viability of revertant strains with extremely high %SFA (〉80%) may be explained by our finding that polar lipids, which are part of yeast membranes, contained much more polyunsaturated fatty acids and a significantly lower %SFA than neutral (storage) lipids. One revertant (R25.75) was selected that was able to produce lipids in whey permeate at a rate comparable with wild-type A. curvatum and with a fatty acid composition and congelation curve comparable with cocoa butter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176521
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Zea mays GTP-binding protein of the ARF family complements an Escherichia coli mutant with a temperature-sensitive malonyl-coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein transacylase (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 629-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: GTP binding ; ADP ribosylation ; Zea mays ; Escherichia coli ; fatty acid biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to isolate a plant malonyl-coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein transacylase cDNA clone, by direct genetic selection in an Escherichia coli fabD mutant (LA2-89) with a maize cDNA expression library, a Zea mays cDNA clone encoding a GTP-binding protein of the ARF family was isolated. Complementation of a mutation affecting bacterial membrane lipid biosynthesis by a plant ARF protein, could indicate the existence of as yet unidentified bacterial equivalents of this ubiquitous eucaryotic GTP-binding protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019329
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental specific expression and organelle targeting of the Escherichia coli fabD gene, encoding malonyl coenzyme A-acyl carrier protein transacylase in transgenic rape and tobacco seeds (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 189-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: fatty acid synthesis ; malonyl CoA-ACP transacylase ; seed development ; transgenic rape ; transgenic tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In both plants and bacteria, de novo fatty acid biosynthesis is catalysed by a type II fatty acid synthetase (FAS) system which consists of a group of eight discrete enzyme components. The introduction of heterologous, i.e. bacterial, FAS genes in plants could provide an alternative way of modifying the plant lipid composition. In this study the Escherichia coli fabD gene, encoding malonyl CoA-ACP transacylase (MCAT), was used as a model gene to investigate the effects of over-producing a bacterial FAS component in the seeds of transgenic plants. Chimeric genes were designed, so as not to interfere with the household activities of fatty acid biosynthesis in the earlier stages of seed development, and introduced into tobacco and rapeseed using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector system. A napin promoter was used to express the E. coli MCAT in a seed-specific and developmentally specific manner. The rapeseed enoyl-ACP reductase transit peptide was used successfully, as confirmed by immunogold labelling studies, for plastid targeting of the bacterial protein. The activity of the bacterial enzyme reached its maximum (up to 55 times the maximum endogenous MCAT activity) at the end of seed development, and remained stable in mature transgenic seeds. Significant changes in fatty acid profiles of storage lipids and total seed lipid content of the transgenic plants were not found. These results are in support of the notion that MCAT does not catalyse a rate-limiting step in plant fatty acid biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039531
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of Brassica napus seed oil by expression of the Escherichia coli fabH gene, encoding 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 27 (1995), S. 875-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; fatty acid synthesis ; 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III ; transgenic rapeseed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Escherichia coli fabH gene encoding 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (KAS III) was isolated and the effect of overproduction of bacterial KAS III was compared in both E. coli and Brassica napus. The change in fatty acid profile of E. coli was essentially the same as that reported by Tsay et al. (J Biol Chem 267 (1992) 6807–6814), namely higher C14:0 and lower C18:1 levels. In our study, however, an arrest of cell growth was also observed. This and other evidence suggests that in E. coli the accumulation of C14:0 may not be a direct effect of the KAS III overexpression, but a general metabolic consequence of the arrest of cell division. Bacterial KAS III was expressed in a seed- and developmentally specific manner in B. napus in either cytoplasm or plastid. Significant increases in KAS III activities were observed in both these transformation groups, up to 3.7 times the endogenous KAS III activity in mature seeds. Only the expression of the plastid-targeted KAS III gene, however, affected the fatty acid profile of the storage lipids, such that decreased amounts of C18:1 and increased amounts of C18:2 and C18:3 were observed as compared to control plants. Such changes in fatty acid composition reflect changes in the regulation and control of fatty acid biosynthesis. We propose that fatty acid biosynthesis is not controlled by one rate-limiting enzyme, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, but rather is shared by a number of component enzymes of the fatty acid biosynthetic machinery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037016
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth yield, maintenance requirements, and lipid formation in the oleaginous yeast Apiotrichum curvatum (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 1268-1276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For guiding and improving the efficiency of the production of lipid, complete insight into the flow of carbon and energy during growth and product formation is necessary. Therefore, data have been collected to determine various important growth parameters for the oleaginous yeast Apiotrichum curvatum. Chemostat experiments at specific growth rates, ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 h-1 and recycling experiments with 100% biomass retention, with growth rates decreasing from 0.10 to 0.004 h-1, demonstrated that maintenance requirements of A. curvatum are very low, compared to maintenance requirements described for other yeasts as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida parapsilosis.It also appeared that growth and lipid production are proportional to substrate consumption when specific growth rates are higher than approximately 0.02 h-1, but that lipid production stops at growth rates below this value. The practical consequences of these data are that fed batch cultures, which are often applied in fermentation industry, can only be useful with lipid producing yeasts when the growth rate in the process is carefully monitored to ensure specific growth rates higher than 0.02 h-1. Dilution of the culture, partial recycling and/or a continuously increasing nutrient feed are solutions for the expected problems at low growth rates.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260341005
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