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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 226 (1970), S. 655-656 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We report here the observation of similar nuclear structures in melanotic melanomas and amelanotic albino melanomas of platyfish-swordtail hybrids. The melanomas were fixed in glutaraldehyde, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in 'Epon 812'. Thin sections stained with lead citrate were ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Periodontology 2000 1 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) from 7-day-old chicken embryos (stages 29 to 31) was isolated and dissociated into single cells using different procedures. The results were assessed in two ways. (1) The yield of single RPE cells per embryo was determined, and their ability to form pigmented colonies in clonal culture was tested. The most efficient and gentle procedure included isolation of the RPE in EDTA solution, trypsinization at low temperature and low enzyme concentration in the presence of EDTA, followed by incubation in culture medium for up to 4 hr. The completely dissociated cells thus obtained had a much higher plating efficiency and more uniform pattern of colony growth and differentiation than those obtained under any other conditions tested. (2) The effects of different treatments on cell junctions and morphological integrity of the cells were determined by transmission electron microscopy. EDTA solution yielded excellent separation of the epithelial sheet from the mesenchyme by dissociating it from Bruch's membrane, but had little effect on the junctions between adjacent RPE cells. Trypsinization of the epithelium under various conditions separated the basal lateral cell borders and caused loss of gap junctions, but left many cells still joined by apical tight junctions. Final disruption of the tight junctions occurred during recovery of the trypsinized cells in culture medium and was accompanied by dedifferentiation of the RPE cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei den genetisch bedingten Pigmentzelltumoren der Zahnkarpfen ist der Malignitätsgrad der durch ein Tumorgen (Tu) neoplastisch transformierten Pigmentzellen abhängig von der Art und Anzahl bestimmter Regulationsgene (R). In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Tyrosinaseaktivität in Tumoren unterschiedlicher Malignitätsgrade (schwarze Flekken, Prämelanome, Melanome) bestimmt. Es zeigte sich, daß die Höhe der Tyrosinaseaktivität streng mit dem Malignitätsgrad korreliert ist. Fleckenmuster, die aus vollständig ausdifferenzierten (benignen) Tu-transformierten Zellen bestehen, enthalten keine Tyrosinaseaktivität. Prämelanome, die neben ausdifferenzierten auch einige unvollständig differenzierte (maligne) Tu-transformierte Zellen enthalten, weisen eine geringe Tyrosinaseaktivität auf. Melanome, die mit zunehmender Wachstumsrate einen steigenden Anteil an unvollständig differenzierten Pigmentzellen enthalten, zeigen dagegen eine hohe bis sehr hohe Tyrosinaseaktivität. Die Höhe der Tyrosinaseaktivität in diesen Tumoren kann daher als Indikator für den Grad der Differenzierung und damit für den Grad der Malignität der neoplastisch transformierten Pigmentzellen dienen.
    Notes: Summary In the genetically determined pigment cell tumors of platyfish and platyfish-swordtail hybrids, the degree of malignancy of pigment cells which have been neoplastically transformed by a tumor gene (Tu) depends on the type and number of certain regulating genes (R). In the present study, the tyrosinase activities in tumors of different degrees of malignancy (black spots, premelanomas, melanomas) have been determined. The results demonstrate a close correlation between the level of tyrosinase activity and the degree of malignancy. Spot patterns consisting of completely differentiated (benign) Tu-transformed cells show no tyrosinase activity. Premelanomas containing a few incompletely differentiated (malignant) Tu-transformed cells in addition to many differentiated ones show moderate tyrosinase activities. Melanomas which contain increasing numbers of incompletely differentiated cells with increasing growth rates show high to extremely high tyrosinase activities. Thus, the tyrosinase levels present in these tumors can be used as an indicator for the degree of differentiation and, thereby, for the degree of malignancy of the neoplastically transformed pigment cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 27 (1971), S. 347-348 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung H3-DNA vonSalmonella typhimurium wurde in den Dotter vonPlatypoecilus maculatus-Embryonen injiziert und ihr Verbleib untersucht. Nach 45 Stunden findet man 45% der injizierten H3-DNA-Radioaktivität in der säurelöslichen Fraktion des Dotters. Von diesem Zeitpunkt an nimmt die Radioaktivität in der säureunlöslichen Fraktion der Embryonen ständig zu, bis nach 140 Stunden ein Wert von 50% erreicht ist. Der hohe Anteil an radioaktivem säurenunlöslichem Material im Dotter, der 140 Stunden nach der Injektion noch ca. 35% beträgt, lässt vermuten, dass hier noch hochmolekulare Bakterien-DNA vorhanden ist. Somit erscheint die Möglichkeit einer Aufnahme dieser hochmolekularen DNA in die Embryozellen nicht ausgeschlossen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 8 (1983), S. 73-78 
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: embryo culture ; fish embryos ; viviparous fish ; Xiphophorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A procedure is described for the in vitro culture ofXiphophorus embryos. The method permits the raising of embryos of viviparous fish species from an early stage of embryo-genesis (first somite formation) beyond the stage of birth and into fertile adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 9 (1985), S. 73-81 
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: cell dissociation ; clonal culture ; retinal pigmented ; cell differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The original procedure for the dissociation of chick retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) has been modified in an attempt to increase the yield and plating efficiency of RPE cells and to obtain a more uniform and reproducible pattern of growth and differentiation in clonal culture. The new procedure allows efficient dissociation of very small amounts of. RPE into single cells and the establishment of clonal cultures from the RPE of individual chick embryos or from individual RPE clones. The dissociated cells attach and spread within a few hours after plating and form typical clones with highly pigmented centres within 2 to 3 wk. Individual clones started from the same material show little variation in growth pattern and provide an excellent model system for the study of the expression of cell differentiation in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 169-180 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules (acetylated) ; neuronal differentiation ; map 2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two posttranslational modifications of alpha-tubulin, acetylation and detyrosination, are associated with stable microtubule (MT) populations, including those of neuronal processes. We have used a pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line, P19, to investigate changes in MT isotype and stability found in MT arrays during neurogenesis. This cell line has an advantage in that both commitment- and differentiation-related events can be observed. Uncommitted P19 cells have minimal arrays of acetylated and detyrosinated MTs. Following neuronal induction with retinoic acid (RA), indirect immunofluorescence microscopy shows that the first MT modifications occur during commitment and before any morphological change is observed. RA-induced cells initially polymerize a temporarily enlarged population of MTs. Included in this population is a new array of acetylated MTs arranged in a bundle of parallel MTs. This bundle is colchicine-stable, although no MT-associated proteins (MAPs) are detectable using a battery of anti-MAP antibodies. Observation of MT arrays with patterns that are intermediate between the early bundles and short neurites suggests that the acetylated MT bundle subsequently extends to form a neurite. MAP 2 is first detected at about the time of neurite extension. However, at this early stage of differentiation, MAP 2 is not yet limited to dendritic processes. This report provides the first evidence that the stable MTs of mature neurons may be initiated during neuronal commitment.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We report genetic transformation in an intact higher organism, i.e., in xiphophorine fish. The gene to be transferred (Tu) is responsible for the formation of T-melanophores in the platyfish and is involved in the formation of melanomas in platyfish-swordtail hybrids. After injection of Tu-donor DNA into the neural crest region of embryos from Tu-free fish, some of the recipients developed T-melanophores. In a few cases, one or two single T-melanophores were formed during late embryogenesis. In most cases, many T-melanophores developed in young fish and were arranged in several colonies or in a pattern. DNase-degraded Tu-donor DNA, Tu-free fish DNA, as well as DNA from E. coli and adenovirus-2, did not induce T-melanophores. When using DNA from different strains of Tu-donor fish which differed in a regulating gene linked to Tu, the percentages of fish showing T-melanophores paralleled the degree of phenotypic expression of the Tu gene in the DNA donor. The results suggest that the Tu gene has been successfully transferred together with the linked regulating gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 2 (1972), S. 35-45 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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