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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal ceftriaxone in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 479-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ceftriaxone ; dialysis ; continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; intraperitoneal administration ; intravenous administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of ceftriaxone was investigated in 8 patients without infection, who were receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Ceftriaxone 1 g was injected i.v. and 1 g was given intraperitoneally in the CAPD fluid during a 4-h dwell time. Ceftriaxone was assayed by HPLC. After intravenous administration, the kinetic parameters of ceftriaxone were: plasma t1/2, 12.3 h, total plasma clearance, 14.0 ml/min, volume of distribution at steady state 0.18 l/kg, and peritoneal clearance 0.59 ml/min. Over 72 hours only 5.5% of the dose was eliminated by the peritoneal route. After intraperitoneal administration, ceftriaxone rapidly appeared in serum; the absorption t1/2 was 1.1 h and the mean peak concentration was 38.8 µg/ml. The absorption of ceftriaxone from the peritoneal space was 39%. A single 1.0 g IP dose led to serum and dialysate concentrations of ceftriaxone above the minimum inhibitory concentration for susceptible pathogens for 24 hours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613528
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sucralfate on the bioavailability of cimetidine (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 493-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cimetidine ; sucralfate ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve, healthy fasting, subjects received 200 mg cimetidine orally either with water or 1 g sucralfate in a randomized, single dose, two-way crossover study. Blood samples were taken for 12 h and urine was collected for 24 h. Cimetidine in plasma and urine was analysed by HPLC. There was no significant difference between the two treatments in peak plasma concentration, time to peak plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration-time curve and urinary excretion. The results indicate that sucralfate did not reduce the bioavailability of cimetidine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607967
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of two antacids on the bioavailability of paracetamol (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 251-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: paracetamol ; antacids ; acetaminophen ; bioavailability ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of two antacids on the bioavailability of paracetamol has been investigated in 12 young healthy volunteers. Following a random cross over design, each subject swallowed, on three separate occasions, one weak apart, 500 mg paracetamol alone, or together with two different aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide preparations (Dimalan and Maalox). Plasma paracetamol levels were measured by HPLC. The bioavailability of paracetamol was not altered by either antacid, but they both delayed the time to peak plasma concentration (0.85 h; 1.43 h; 1.25 h, without antacid, with Dimalan and with Maalox respectively). The peak plasma concentration was not affected by concurrent antacid administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547432
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aluminum phosphate on the bioavailability of ranitidine (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ranitidine ; aluminium phosphate ; antacids ; bioavailability ; drug interaction ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of aluminum phosphate on the bioavailability of ranitidine has been investigated in 10 young, healthy volunteers. Following a random cross over design, each subject took at a 1 week interval 150 mg ranitidine alone or with 11 g aluminum phosphate. Plasma and urine ranitidine levels were measured by HPLC. The antacid reduced both the maximum plasma ranitidine concentration by 40% and the area under the curve by 30%. Elimination of ranitidine was not changed. The results indicate that aluminum phosphate significantly diminished the bioavailability of ranitidine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609966
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of posture on total phenytoin plasma concentration (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 526-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: phenytoin ; posture ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02336698
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of josamycin on carbamazepine kinetics (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 321-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carbamazepine ; josamycin ; drug interaction ; epileptic patients ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The steady state pharmacokinetics of oral carbamazepine in epileptic patients (n=8) was compared before and after one week of treatment with josamycin (2 g/day). There was a small but statistically significant decrease in oral clearance of total (17%) and unbound (21.5%) drug. In spite of an unchanged AUC of 10,11-epoxide carbamazepine the ratio of metabolite to parent drug AUC was significantly decreased (20.2%). The plasma protein binding of carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide metabolite did not vary. The results demonstrate impairment by josamycin of the apparent clearance of carbamazepine. Care should be taken in patient receiving both carbamazepine and josamycin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607583
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of famotidine in patients with cirrhosis and ascites (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 559-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Famotidine, Cirrhosis ; pharmacokinetics, ascites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of famotidine has been investigated in ascitic cirrhotic patients. 10 decompensated cirrhotic patients were studied (9 m, 1 f), who had normal renal function, and six healthy control subjects (4 m, 2 f), matched for age, sex and weight. Each subject received on two occasions, at least four days apart, a single oral (40 mg) or intravenous dose (20 mg) of famotidine, at 21.00 h in a randomised manner. Serial blood samples were collected and famotidine in plasma was determined by a HPLC/UV method. Plasma data were subjected to non compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups after either the intravenous or oral administration of famotidine. The findings suggest that the dose of famotidine may not require any adjustment in ascitic patients without renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02285103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aluminium phosphate on the bioavailability of cimetidine and prednisolone (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 271-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cimetidine ; prednisolone ; aluminium phosphate ; antacids ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten fasting subjects received 200 mg cimetidine orally either with water or 11 g aluminium phosphate mixture in a randomized, single dose, two-way cross-over study. Blood samples were taken for 12 h and urine was collected for 24 h. Cimetidine in plasma and urine was analysed by HPLC. There were no significant differences between the treatments with respect to peak plasma concentration, time to peak plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration-time curve, and urinary excretion. In 12 healthy subjects the absorption of prednisolone was investigated when given alone and together with 11 g aluminium phosphate. Blood samples were taken over 16 h and prednisolone in plasma was analysed by HPLC. There were no significant differences in the values of area under curve (AUC), Cmax and tmax. The results indicate that aluminium phosphate does not reduce the bioavailability of cimetidine and prednisolone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00630299
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal moxalactam in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 299-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: moxalactam ; continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; intraperitoneal administration ; i.v. injection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of moxalactam has been investigated in 10 subjects undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). A single 1 g dose was injected i.v. and a 1 g dose was given intraperitoneally in the CAPD fluid during a 4 h dwell-time. Moxalactam was assayed by HPLC. After i.v. injection, the serum kinetics of moxalactam were: plasma t 1/2=17.9 h; volume of distribution at steady-state, 0.27 l/kg; total plasma clearance, 12.8 ml/min; peritoneal clearance, 2.1 ml/min. Dialysate moxalactam concentrations rose rapidly but only 20% of the dose was eliminated by the peritoneal route. After intraperitoneal instillation, moxalactam appeared in the serum rapidly and the peak serum concentration ranged from 21 to 49 µg/ml after between 4 and 5 h. The absorption of moxalactam from the peritoneal space was 57±16%. The data suggest that moxalactam has bidirectional exchange characteristics through the peritoneal membrane. Instillation of moxalactam in CAPD fluid may permit rapid absorption and the appearance of a therapeutic serum concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541532
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma levels of piperacillin and vancomycin used as prophylaxis in liver transplant patients (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 529-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Piperacillin ; Vancomycin ; liver transplantation ; antibioprophylaxis ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and vancomycin used intravenously as antibioprophylaxis were measured in the plasma and bile during orthotopic liver transplantation. Piperacillin (4 g and then 2 g every 4 h) and vancomycin (1 g and then 0.5 g every 6 h) were infused in 10 patients. During vascular clamping without venovenous bypass, clearance of both antibiotics decreased in relation to renal insufficiency. During the surgical procedure, volume of distribution of both drugs increased because of fluid redistribution. The peaks of piperacillin after first, second and third administrations were respectively 314, 265 and 210 mg·l−1, while trough levels were 46.5, 55.2 and 54.5 mg·l−1. The peaks of vancomycin were 54.4, 49.6 and 40.9 mg·l−1, while first and second trough levels were 9.5 and 12 mg·l−1. These plasma concentrations were quite similar to levels reported in healthy subjects despite large blood loss and fluid replacement. However, piperacillin trough concentrations (〈64 mg/l) were too low in relation to its concentration-dependent antibacterial activity and vancomycin peak concentrations (≥40 mg/l) were slightly too high in relation to its toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315309
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