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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1095-1101 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immune complex nephritis ; Cationic antigens ; In-situ complex formation ; Immunkomplexnephritis ; Kationische Antigene ; In-situ-Komplexbildung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lange Zeit wurde angenommen, daß die Immunkomplexnephritis durch eine glomeruläre Ablagerung von zirkulierenden Immunkomplexen entsteht. Eine befriedigende Erklärung, wie diese Komplexe in die GBM eindringen können, wurde bisher nicht gefunden. In jüngster Zeit wird — vor allem für subepitheliale Immunkomplexablagerungen — eine in situ Entstehung diskutiert. Positiv geladene Moleküle besitzen eine deutliche Affinität zur negativ geladenen GBM und können als Ziel (planted antigen) für den zirkulierenden Antikörper dienen. Hinzu kommt, daß sie bis zu einer Größe von mehr als 500 000 Dalton in die GBM eindringen können, während anionische Moleküle schon mit einer Größe von 70 000 Dalton von der gleichen Filtration ausgeschlossen sind. Die Interaktion chemisch kationisierter Proteine hängt vom pI und von der Größe des Moleküls ab. Kationisiertes IgG bleibt in der GBM hängen, wenn sein pI höher als 9.0 ist, Ovalbumin erst mit einem pI höher als 10.0. Hochkationisierte Proteine sind einige Stunden in der GBM nachweisbar. Die Komplexierung mit dem Ak führt zur Bildung subepithelialer Depots, die Wochen und Monate lang im Glomerulum verbleiben können. Die Injektion von einigen Mikrogramm eines hochkationisierten Antigens direkt in die linke Nierenarterie, der 1 h später eine systemische Gabe des Antikörpers folgt, ist ausreichend, um eine typische ICGN mit massiver Proteinurie auszulösen. Kationische Proteine sind demnach potente, nephritogene Antigene, die auch bei der menschlichen GN eine Rolle spielen könnten.
    Notes: Summary For a long time it was considered that immune complex nephritis was caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes. The way these complexes penetrate into the GBM has not been satisfactorily explained. Recently, especially in the case of sub-epithelial immune complex deposits, an in situ formation has been discussed. Positively charged molecules have a marked affinity for the negatively charged GBM and can act as a target (planted antigen) for circulating antibody. Furthermore they can readily penetrate the GBM even when their size exceeds 500,000 daltons, whereas anionic molecules of over 70,000 daltons are effectively excluded. The interaction of chemically cationized proteins with the GBM is dependant on the size and charge of the molecule. Cationized IgG fixes to the GBM when its pI exceeds 9.0, ovalbumin only when its pI exceeds 10.0. Highly cationised proteins can be detected for several hours in the GBM. The reaction with antibody leads to the formation of sub-epithelial deposits which persist for weeks or even months in the GBM. Perfusion of microgram quantities of a highly cationised antigen directly into the left renal artery followed by the systemic injection of antibody 1 h later is capable of inducing a typical ICGN with massive proteinuria. The above demonstrates that cationic proteins are potent nephritogenic antigens, which may also be involved in human glomerulonephritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 11-14 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: molsidomine ; heart failure ; sustained release ISDN ; haemodynamics ; antianginal drugs ; pulmonary artery pressure ; pulmonary wedge pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The haemodynamic effects of oral molsidomine 4 mg and sustained-release isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) 40 mg have been compared in 10 patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction. After both drugs pulmonary arterial, pulmonary capillary wedge and systemic arterial blood pressure were reduced to about the same extent. The maximum effect was reached 1.5 to 2 h after ingestion of both drugs, but the effect of molsidomine declined during the following 2 h and control values were almost reached after 4 h. After ISDN there was no rebound during the observation period of 6 h. Unlike molsidomine, ISDN reduced total peripheral resistance, so cardiac output and stroke volume index remained constant despite the reduction in cardiac preload. It is concluded that sustained release ISDN 40 mg and molsidomine 4 mg are about equieffective doses in terms of reduction of cardiac preload, but that the effect of molsidomine is of shorter duration. Since molsidomine alone causes venous pooling, cardiac output and stroke volume index are reduced, which may be an untoward side effect in patients with severe heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie. 25:11 (1977) 1344 
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  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie. 29:9 (1981) 1109 
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 14 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Melanocortin receptors (MC-Rs) mediate the biological actions of the members of melanocortin family, e.g. of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and adrenocorticotropin. We recently reported that human dermal fibroblasts derived from newborn foreskin express MC-1R. In these cells and in a newborn mouse model of cutaneous fibrosis, α-MSH suppressed collagen synthesis induced by the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1(Böhm et al., J. Biol. Chem. 2004). Here, we show that MC-1R expression is maintained in various fibroblastic skin cell types established from adult human skin. In vitro, expression of MC-1R at the RNA level was detected by RT-PCR analysis in dermal fibroblasts, dermal papilla cells and connective tissue sheath fibroblasts of the hair follicle, as well as in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. In all of the latter cell types except in HT1080 cells, MC-1R immunoreactivity could be visualized on the cell surface as demonstrated by immunofluorescence studies using an antibody against the amino acids 2–18 of the N-terminal domain of human MC-1R. In situ, MC-1R expression was detectable in interfollicular dermal fibroblasts only by immune electron microscopy. In contrast, MC-1R expression was detectable in dermal papilla cells and connective tissue sheath fibroblasts of the hair follicle by conventional immunohistochemistry. To further assess the relevance of MC-1R being expressed in fibroblastic cells of the skin we treated human dermal fibroblasts in vitro with the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ(IFN-γ). α-MSH significantly suppressed the upregulating effect of this cytokine on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), an adhesion molecule crucially involved in recruitment of activated leukocytes into the hair follicle. In summary, our findings form a basis upon which MC-1R expression can be investigated in inflammatory disorders affecting the connective tissue compartment of the skin. Moreover, our preliminary data on the modulation of IFN-γ-driven upregulation of ICAM-1 by α-MSH suggest additional functions of melancortins in fibroblasts beyond collagen synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Inorganica Chimica Acta 45 (1980), S. L107-L108 
    ISSN: 0020-1693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Inorganica Chimica Acta 31 (1978), S. 183-185 
    ISSN: 0020-1693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Inorganica Chimica Acta 83 (1984), S. 129-136 
    ISSN: 0020-1693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Inorganica Chimica Acta 98 (1985), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0020-1693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Inorganica Chimica Acta 79 (1983), S. 220-221 
    ISSN: 0020-1693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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