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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensive islet amyloid formation is induced by development of Type II diabetes mellitus and contributes to its progression: pathogenesis of diabetes in a mouse model (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 427-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords IAPP ; Amylin ; transgenic mice ; ob/ob mice ; insulin resistance ; insulin insufficiency ; islet amyloid ; diabetogenic factor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease in which pancreatic islet amyloid is a characteristic histopathological finding. Islet amyloid fibrils consist of the beta-cell protein “islet amyloid polypeptide” (IAPP)/“amylin”. Unlike human IAPP (hIAPP), mouse IAPP cannot form amyloid. In previously generated transgenic mice, high expression of hIAPP as such did not induce islet amyloid formation. To further explore the potential diabetogenic role of amyloidogenic IAPP, we introduced a diabetogenic trait (“ob” mutation) in hIAPP transgenic mice. Methods. Plasma concentrations of IAPP, insulin and glucose were determined at 3.5 (t1), 6 (t2), and 16–19 months of age (t3). At t3, the mice were killed and the pancreas was analysed (immuno)histochemically. Results. In non-transgenic ob/ob mice, insulin resistance caused a compensatory increase in insulin production, normalizing the initial hyperglycaemia. In transgenic ob/ob mice, concurrent increase in hIAPP production resulted in extensive islet amyloid formation (more often and more extensive than in transgenic non-ob/ob mice), insulin insufficiency and persistent hyperglycaemia: At t3, plasma insulin levels in transgenic ob/ob mice with amyloid were fourfold lower than in non-transgenic ob/ob mice (p 〈 0.05), and plasma glucose concentrations in transgenic ob/ob mice were almost twofold higher (p 〈 0.05). In addition, the degree of islet amyloid formation in ob/ob mice was positively correlated to the glucose:insulin ratio (r s = 0.53, p 〈 0.05). Conclusion/interpretation. Islet amyloid is a secondary diabetogenic factor which can be both a consequence of insulin resistance and a cause of insulin insufficiency. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 427–434]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051175
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental gingivitis in relation to susceptibility to periodontal disease II. Phase-contrast microbiological features and some host-response observations (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present investigation, a number of histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of periodontal tissues as well as the phase-contrast microscopy of dental plaque were studied after experimentally-induced gingival inflammation in relation to susceptibility to periodontal disease. The study included a younger (mean age 34.1 years) and an older age group (mean age 48 years) with a reduced but healthy periodontium. Both age groups had the same amount of loss of attachment which may suggest that they had different degrees of susceptibility to periodontal disease. At the start of the experiment, each patient was instructed to abstain from oral hygiene in one quadrant of the mouth for a period of 18 days. At the end of the 18-day period, supra-gingival plaque and gingival tissue samples were taken. As determined by phase-contrast microscopy, the plaque samples of both age groups contained relatively high proportions of spirochetes. This may indicate that the patients are at risk for recurrence of periodontal breakdown. The general histopathologic picture of the gingival tissue samples of both age groups was similar to the so-called ‘early lesion’. However, IgA-producing plasma cells were found in most tissue samples of both age groups. The first part of this study showed that the younger, in comparison to the older, patients developed inflammation in terms of bleeding on probing more rapidly. These clinical results cannot be explained by the host-parasite parameters investigated in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00846.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental gingivitis in relation to age in individuals not susceptible to periodontal destruction (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 14 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of age on the rate of development of gingival inflammation in individuals not susceptible to periodontal destruction. 7 younger (mean age 37 years) and 7 older (mean age 58 years) individuals were selected on the basis of the presence of at least 18 teeth, no evidence of extraction due to periodontal destruction, no loss of attachment, shallow pockets, gross amounts of plaque and a history of no interdental cleaning. All individuals were subjected to a carefully controlled oral hygiene program and experimental gingivitis was induced in 1 quadrant of the mouth during a period of 33 days. The amount of plaque, redness and swelling of the gingivitis, and bleeding on probing were assessed before, during and after the experiment. Al day 33, supra-gingival plaque samples were taken for bacteriological examination and gingival biopsies were taken for histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation. Results showed no differences between the 2 age groups with regard to the amount of plaque accumulation and the rate of development of gingival inflammation. Furthermore phase-contrast microscopy of plaque samples showed no differences between the 2 age groups. Neither his to-logical nor immunohistochemical investigation showed any differences between the 2 age groups. All biopsies diffusely showed presence of IgG, whereas in most biopsies, IgA plasma cells and in one biopsy IgM plasma cells were found. Neither IgD, IgE nor complement deposits were found. It was concluded that age is of minor importance in the development of experimentally-induced gingivitis in individuals not susceptible to periodontal destruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1987.tb00990.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bleeding/plaque ratio and the development of gingival inflammation (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a recent publication, it was hypothesized that the ratio between bleeding and plaque scores may act as a prognostic indicator for periodontal breakdown. Furthermore, it was found that the rate of development of gingival inflammation in terms of bleeding on probing during experimental gingivitis is more rapid in patients susceptible to periodontal breakdown than in subjects insusceptible to periodontal breakdown. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the gingival reaction to dental plaque in an experimental gingivitis study in individuals without periodontal breakdown, having either a low or a high bleeding/plaque ratio. A group of 8 volunteers (18–23 years) with a low bleeding/plaque ratio and 7 volunteers (19–22 years) with a high bleeding/ plaque ratio were selected. In both groups, an experimental gingivitis study of 23 days duration was carried out. Results showed that individuals with a high bleeding/plaque ratio developed significantly more clinical inflammation in terms of bleeding and swelling of the gingiva than individuals with a low bleeding/plaque ratio. After 23 days of plaque accumulation, gingival biopsies as well as supragingival plaque samples were taken from both groups. Phase-contrast microscopy of the plaque samples showed no significant differences between the 2 groups. Low %s of spirochetes and motile rods were found. Stereologic point-counting procedures snowed equal amounts of infiltrated connective tissue in both groups. However, significant differences in composition of the infiltrate appeared to be present. The high ratio group showed more IgA producing plasma cells and complement activation than the low ratio group. The results of the present study suggest that the bleeding/plaque ratio of an individual may be regarded as a prognostic indicator for the degree of experimentally induced gingival inflammation in terms of bleeding and swelling of the gingiva as well as complement activation and IgA-plasma cell activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00881.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Langerhans cell: an underestimated cell in atopic disease (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 20 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Langerhans cells (LC) are very potent antigen-presenting cells. In atopic disorders such as allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis LC are known to bear IgE surface molecules. IgE-positive LC can bind allergen and present it to T lymphocytes to induce an allergen-specific T-cell response and IgE synthesis. Therefore, IgE-bearing LC might play an important role in the triggering of the immune system to maintain ongoing IgE synthesis. The importance of the IgE-bearing LC in atopy has not been assessed but deserves further investigation to find out more about the part played by these cells, not only in the atopic disorders described here but also in others such as gastrointestinal allergy and allergic asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02701.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of mast cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis and non-allergic controls: a biopsy study (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 22 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mast cell degranulation is thought to be an important component of the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Quantitative studies on mast cells in nasal mucosa after allergen exposure have given widely divergent results, ranging from an overall decrease via redistribution to an overall increase. We investigated this problem by employing a combination of anti-IgE and toluidine blue staining of biopsy specimens. In allergic patients anti-IgE was found to identify all mast cells and toluidine blue to detect mast cells that were not (totally) degranulated.The study was composed of two parts done in different patient groups. In the first part of the study biopsies were performed in 23 patients with isolated grass-pollen allergy, once during natural provocation in the summer and once in the winter. Biopsies were also performed in 12 controls. Non-allergic controls were found to have the same number of mast cells in the lamina propria as asymptomatic allergic patients. The controls seldom have mast cells in the epithelium. The patients with isolated grass-pollen allergy showed an increase in the numbers of mast cells in the lamina propria during natural provocation and the same seemed to occur in the epithelium as well. During natural provocation almost all of the mast cells in the epithelium and half of those in the lamina propria were degranulated.In the second part of the study 17 patients with isolated grass-pollen allergy and four controls were challenged daily with allergen extract during a 2-week period in the winter. During this period biopsies were performed at eight different occasions, i.e. once before, six occasions during and once after the provocation period. The results of this part of the study showed that during provocation mast cells migrate to the surface of the nasal mucosa, where they become degranulated, and that the pool of mast cells in the lamina propria was apparently replenished by migration of mast cells from the vessels in the lamina propria. The total number of mast cells in the lamina propria remained approximately the same while the mast cells residing in an increasingly thick layer measured from the basal membrane into the lamina propria became degranulated. After 2 weeks, 82% of the mast cells in the lamina propria was degranulated and it was only in the deepest layers that some toluidine blue positive cells were found.This study can explain the seemingly conflicting reports in the literature on mast cell dynamics and degranulation and shows that the reported differences are due to differences in the techniques used and the time of evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb00194.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diagnostic value of salivary fluid levels of β2-microglubulin, lysozyme and lactoferrin for primary Sjögren's synrome (1992)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 11 (1992), S. 521-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: β2-microglobulin ; Lysozyme ; Lactoferrin ; Saliva ; Sjögren's ; Syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In search of a simple non-invasive diagnostic test for primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) the concentration of β2-microglobulin (β2-m), lyzozyme (LZM) and lactoferrin (Lf) was measured in stimulated parotid saliva of 39 patients with primary SS, 42 patients suspected of the syndrome in whom the diagnosis could be excluded (NON-SS) and in 41 normal control individuals. Salivary fluid levels of β2-m, LZM and Lf exceeding the mean+2×standard deviation of healthy control valuese were found in respectively 58%, 23%, and 26% of the primary SS patients and in 7%., 11% and 0% of the NON-SS patients. The results of this study inndicate that due to the low sensitivity the tests are not suitable as a screening procedure for patients suspected of having primary SS However, measurement of β2-m in stimulated parotid saliva may be used as an adjunctive diagnostic test for primary SS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02283111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pseudo-tumours, a clinical concept (1982)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 52 (1982), S. 387-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Space-filling lesions in the orbit can be divided into 3 large groups: 1. Acute and subacute inflammatory processes (bacterial, fungal, parasitic, foreign body). 2. Benign and malignant tumours, true new growths. 3. Pseudo-tumours. The conditions in group 3 are also space-filling lesions, but have the characteristics of a chronic, infiltrating, inflammatory process. In 11% of 340 consecutive patients in the Orbital Centre in Amsterdam this diagnosis was made. The group is far from uniform: the dominant cell type varies from one case to another. Usually lymphocytic cells are dominant; if these are arranged in follicles the lesion is called a pseudo-lymphoma. This condition can gradually leave the province of the pseudo-tumours and begin to show the characteristics of a malignant or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Sometimes the inflammatory character of the lymphoid infiltration is dominant, as in myositis, sclerotenonitis and infiltrative Graves' ophthalmophathy; these conditions are clearly related to immunological processes. Attempts to classify all pseudo-tumours on a pathological basis have remained rather vague. Clinical picture: rapid development (2–6 months); pain and oedema are present, but these are not the principal symptoms; secondary features are: disorders of motility, visual loss and other symptoms. Bilaterality usually indicates the presence of a systemic disease. Therapy: the possibilities are treatment of the infection, corticosteriods, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01675869
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