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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of equilibrium 18O isotope effects on the deprotonation of phosphate and phosphate esters and the anomeric effect on deprotonation of glucose-6-phosphate (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 108 (1986), S. 2759-2761 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00270a048
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface Characterization (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 67 (1995), S. 199-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00108a011
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on Nitrogen Trichloride Treated Prolamines. IV. Isolation of the Neurotoxic Principle (1950)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 72 (1950), S. 2297-2298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01161a524
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kreiszylindrischer Leiter mit verringerten Wirbelstromverlusten (1984)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 67 (1984), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents This paper deals with a new conductor construction which reduces eddy current losses. Starting with the computed current density distribution the ohmic losses are derived and finally compared with usual constructions.
    Notes: Übersicht Es wird eine Leiteranordnung behandelt, die die Wirbelstromverluste vermindert. Ausgehend von der berechneten räumlichen Stromdichteverteilung werden die Leitungsverluste abgeleitet und mit denen üblicher Leiter verglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01579786
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin binding to trophoblast plasma membranes and placental glycogen content in well-controlled gestational diabetic women treated with diet or insulin, in well-controlled overt diabetic patients and in healthy control subjects (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin binding ; insulin receptors ; glycogen ; tro-phoblast ; placenta ; gestational diabetes ; overt diabetes mellitus ; diabetes and pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin binding to trophoblast plasma membranes and the placental glycogen content were measured in twelve healthy women, in eleven well-controlled gestational diabetic women who were treated either with diet alone (n=4) or with insulin (n=7) and in 18 women with well-controlled overt diabetes mellitus (six White B; four White C; eight White D). The competitive binding assay was carried out with 22 concentrations of unlabelled insulin. Binding data were analysed by a non-linear direct model fitting procedure assuming one non-cooperative binding site. Maximum specific binding was unchanged in the total collective of gestational diabetic women, but was decreased by 30% in those treated with diet (6.2±2.2%) and increased by 90% in insulin-treated women (16.4±10.2%) as compared to the control subjects (8.7±2.5%). The diet-treated women had only 40% as many and those treated with insulin had more than twice as many receptors compared to control subjects on a per mg protein basis and if expressed per total placenta. In patients with overt diabetes mellitus maximum specific binding (18.5±10.6 %) was higher (p〈0.05) due to more receptors compared to control subjects but was similar to the insulin-treated gestational diabetic patients. Maximum specific binding and receptor concentrations did not correlate linearly with maternal plasma insulin levels. Receptor affinities were virtually similar in all groups (1.8·109 l/mol). The placental glycogen content was reduced (p〈0.05) to about 80% of that of control subjects in the diet-treated collective, whereas it was unchanged compared to control subjects in the insulin-treated gestational diabetic women despite a 40% increase (p〈0.001) of the maternal-to-cord serum glucose ratio. In overt diabetic patients the maternal-to-cord serum glucose ratio and the placental glycogen content were higher (p〈0.05) than in the control subjects. We conclude that trophoblast plasma membranes from gestational diabetic women treated with diet alone express less and those from women treated with insulin express more insulin receptors than those from a healthy control group in vitro. These differences could not have been disclosed without consideration of the mode of treatment. Trophoblast plasma membranes from overt diabetic women have more insulin receptors than those from healthy control subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400851
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polysplenia syndrome detected in adulthood: report of eight cases and review of the literature (1999)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 24 (1999), S. 178-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Polysplenia—Short pancreas—Azygos/hemiazygos continuation—Computed tomography—Magnetic resonance imaging.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Background: To present the computed tomographic (CT) features of the abdominal anomalies consistent with polysplenia syndrome in adults. Awareness of these abnormalities may avoid misdiagnosing characteristic findings as separate pathological processes. Methods: Imaging studies, mainly abdominal CT scans, of eight patients were reviewed. Attention was directed to the location of the multiple spleens, stomach, and liver and to the possible presence of a short pancreas, malrotation of the intestine, and venous anomalies. We also reviewed the CT findings of 15 adult patients described in the literature. Results: Three men and five women underwent CT for various unrelated conditions. The most common findings were multiple spleens along the greater curvature of the stomach, which were located in the right upper quadrant in six patients. The inferior vena cava was seen on the left side in seven subjects, with azygos/hemiazygos continuation in six. A preduodenal portal vein was present in seven subjects. The liver was in the midline in four patients and on the left side in two. A short pancreas was seen in four patients, intestinal nonrotation in five, and dextrocardia in two. The prevalence of these anomalies was similar to that of the reviewed cases. Conclusions: CT proved to be an excellent imaging modality in the diagnosis of the abdominal anomalies. Some of these (a short pancreas, multiple spleens, and azygos continuation) can simulate pathological processes. Hence the importance of recognizing these CT findings as part of a syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900471
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Fruchtwasserinsulingehalt als Parameter zur Beurteilung des Fetalen Zustandes bei Diabetes Mellitus (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 49-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Amniotic fluid insulin levels ; Diabetogenic fetal morbidity ; Diabetes mellitus ; Fruchtwasserinsulinspiegel ; Diabetogene Fetopathie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Fruchtwasserinsulingehalt zwischen der 27. und der 40. Schwangerschaftswoche steigt von durchschnittlich 8 µE/ml auf 17 µE/ml an (n=62). Bei Schwangeren mit Diabetes mellitus ist der Insulintiter im Fruchtwasser auf durchschnittlich 488% erhöht. Es ist dies ein Zeichen dafür, daß der Fetus ein zu hohes Glucoseangebot hat. Der intakte fetale Inselzellapparat reagiert mit einer Insulinüberproduktion. Ein Teil des Insulins gelangt über den Harn ins Fruchtwasser. Der Fetus ist in der paradoxen Situation, zugleich einen zu hohen Glucose- und Insulinspiegel zu haben. Daraus resultiert eine Insulienmast, die die diabetogene Fetopathie verursacht. Anhand von Fruchtwasserinsulinwerten kann einerseits das Ausmaß einer diabetogenen Fetopathie erkannt werden, andererseits kann der Stoffwechselausgleich der Schwangeren mit Insulin nach fetalen Parametern durchgeführt werden. Somit ist es möglich, durch Fruchtwasseruntersuchungen ab der 27. Woche in Abständen von 14 Tagen den Stoffwechselausgleich der Diabetikerin mit Insulin so durchzuführen, daß eine diabetogene Fetopathie vermieden wird.
    Notes: Summary The average insulin level in the amniotic fluid rises between the 27th and 40th week of pregnancy from 8 µU/ml to 17 µU/ml (n=62). In diabetic pregnancy, the insulin level in the amniotic fluid is in the average elevated to 488%. This indicates oversupply of glucose to the fetus. In the healthy fetus the intercellular apparatus reacts by overproduction of insulin. Part of this insulin reaches the amniotic fluid via the urine. The fetus is in the paradoxical situation of showing simultaneously elevated glucose and insulin levels. The resulting surfeit of insulin is the cause of diabetogenic fetal morbidity. Amniotic fluid insulin levels can be used both to evaluate diabetogenic fetal morbidity, and in order to allow metabolic compensation with insulin to be carried out in accordance with fetal parameters in pregnancy. Examination of the amniotic fluid at bi-weekly intervals from week 27 on thus provides a means of adjusting the metabolic compensation with insulin in the diabetic mother in such a way that diabetogenic fetal morbidity is prevented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476743
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subjektive Unsicherheit und subjektive Information (1968)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 5 (1968), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Summary The classical measure of uncertanity does not consider the observer and the special nature of the message. The aim of this paper is to introduce a measure of uncertanity, which takes into consideration both the observer and the nature of the message in such a way, that the Shannon measure and the Bongard measure are special forms of our formula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272698
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Position dependence of stretch reflex dynamics at the human ankle (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 63 (1986), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Human ankle joint ; Stretch reflex dynamics ; Mean joint position ; Tibialis anterior ; Triceps surae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ankle position on the human ankle stretch reflexes during tonically-maintained contractions over most of the range of motion. The ankle was placed at randomly selected mean positions. Target levels of triceps surae (TS) or tibialis anterior (TA) tonic contractions were generated while the ankle was displaced by small amplitude, stochastic perturbations. System identification techniques were used to identify the stretch reflex dynamics at each combination of tonic level and ankle angle. As shown previously, the TS stretch reflex was characterized by an unidirectional, velocity-sensitive impulse response function whereas the TA stretch reflex was characterized by a linear impulse response function between ankle velocity and TA EMG. TS stretch reflexes showed a strong dependence on ankle position while TA stretch reflexes did not. Thus the TS stretch reflex magnitude increased greatly as the ankle was progressively dorsiflexed. In contrast, ankle mean position had only a minor effect on the TA stretch reflex magnitude. Our results indicate that the position-dependent facilitation of the TS stretch reflex is not due to changes in the level of skeletal motoneuron excitability. Rather, this effect may be accounted for by mechanisms that modulate the efficacy of the stochastic ankle perturbation. Such mechanisms could include position-induced: (1) modulation of monosynaptic and polysynaptic afferent inputs to skeletal motoneurons, (2) alterations in the extent of fusimotor drive and (3) changes in the transmission of the joint perturbation to spindle receptors. Such mechanisms are discussed in terms of the differences between TS and TA stretch reflexes. Finally, the functional significance of position-dependent reflex responses are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235645
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral blood flow velocities in the first minutes of life (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 269-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01956162
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