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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin binding to trophoblast plasma membranes and placental glycogen content in well-controlled gestational diabetic women treated with diet or insulin, in well-controlled overt diabetic patients and in healthy control subjects (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin binding ; insulin receptors ; glycogen ; tro-phoblast ; placenta ; gestational diabetes ; overt diabetes mellitus ; diabetes and pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin binding to trophoblast plasma membranes and the placental glycogen content were measured in twelve healthy women, in eleven well-controlled gestational diabetic women who were treated either with diet alone (n=4) or with insulin (n=7) and in 18 women with well-controlled overt diabetes mellitus (six White B; four White C; eight White D). The competitive binding assay was carried out with 22 concentrations of unlabelled insulin. Binding data were analysed by a non-linear direct model fitting procedure assuming one non-cooperative binding site. Maximum specific binding was unchanged in the total collective of gestational diabetic women, but was decreased by 30% in those treated with diet (6.2±2.2%) and increased by 90% in insulin-treated women (16.4±10.2%) as compared to the control subjects (8.7±2.5%). The diet-treated women had only 40% as many and those treated with insulin had more than twice as many receptors compared to control subjects on a per mg protein basis and if expressed per total placenta. In patients with overt diabetes mellitus maximum specific binding (18.5±10.6 %) was higher (p〈0.05) due to more receptors compared to control subjects but was similar to the insulin-treated gestational diabetic patients. Maximum specific binding and receptor concentrations did not correlate linearly with maternal plasma insulin levels. Receptor affinities were virtually similar in all groups (1.8·109 l/mol). The placental glycogen content was reduced (p〈0.05) to about 80% of that of control subjects in the diet-treated collective, whereas it was unchanged compared to control subjects in the insulin-treated gestational diabetic women despite a 40% increase (p〈0.001) of the maternal-to-cord serum glucose ratio. In overt diabetic patients the maternal-to-cord serum glucose ratio and the placental glycogen content were higher (p〈0.05) than in the control subjects. We conclude that trophoblast plasma membranes from gestational diabetic women treated with diet alone express less and those from women treated with insulin express more insulin receptors than those from a healthy control group in vitro. These differences could not have been disclosed without consideration of the mode of treatment. Trophoblast plasma membranes from overt diabetic women have more insulin receptors than those from healthy control subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400851
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Fruchtwasserinsulingehalt als Parameter zur Beurteilung des Fetalen Zustandes bei Diabetes Mellitus (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 49-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Amniotic fluid insulin levels ; Diabetogenic fetal morbidity ; Diabetes mellitus ; Fruchtwasserinsulinspiegel ; Diabetogene Fetopathie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Fruchtwasserinsulingehalt zwischen der 27. und der 40. Schwangerschaftswoche steigt von durchschnittlich 8 µE/ml auf 17 µE/ml an (n=62). Bei Schwangeren mit Diabetes mellitus ist der Insulintiter im Fruchtwasser auf durchschnittlich 488% erhöht. Es ist dies ein Zeichen dafür, daß der Fetus ein zu hohes Glucoseangebot hat. Der intakte fetale Inselzellapparat reagiert mit einer Insulinüberproduktion. Ein Teil des Insulins gelangt über den Harn ins Fruchtwasser. Der Fetus ist in der paradoxen Situation, zugleich einen zu hohen Glucose- und Insulinspiegel zu haben. Daraus resultiert eine Insulienmast, die die diabetogene Fetopathie verursacht. Anhand von Fruchtwasserinsulinwerten kann einerseits das Ausmaß einer diabetogenen Fetopathie erkannt werden, andererseits kann der Stoffwechselausgleich der Schwangeren mit Insulin nach fetalen Parametern durchgeführt werden. Somit ist es möglich, durch Fruchtwasseruntersuchungen ab der 27. Woche in Abständen von 14 Tagen den Stoffwechselausgleich der Diabetikerin mit Insulin so durchzuführen, daß eine diabetogene Fetopathie vermieden wird.
    Notes: Summary The average insulin level in the amniotic fluid rises between the 27th and 40th week of pregnancy from 8 µU/ml to 17 µU/ml (n=62). In diabetic pregnancy, the insulin level in the amniotic fluid is in the average elevated to 488%. This indicates oversupply of glucose to the fetus. In the healthy fetus the intercellular apparatus reacts by overproduction of insulin. Part of this insulin reaches the amniotic fluid via the urine. The fetus is in the paradoxical situation of showing simultaneously elevated glucose and insulin levels. The resulting surfeit of insulin is the cause of diabetogenic fetal morbidity. Amniotic fluid insulin levels can be used both to evaluate diabetogenic fetal morbidity, and in order to allow metabolic compensation with insulin to be carried out in accordance with fetal parameters in pregnancy. Examination of the amniotic fluid at bi-weekly intervals from week 27 on thus provides a means of adjusting the metabolic compensation with insulin in the diabetic mother in such a way that diabetogenic fetal morbidity is prevented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476743
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral blood flow velocities in the first minutes of life (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 269-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01956162
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cord blood oxygen saturation in vigorous infants at birth: what is normal? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To define the normal ranges of umbilical cord blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) and acid-base status at birth and to evaluate the effect of gestational age on cord blood values in vigorous newborn infants following spontaneous vaginal birth from a vertex position.Design Prospective study.Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Graz, Austria.Sample Cord blood samples from 1281 vigorous newborn infants.Methods Cord blood sampling was performed following on newborn infants following spontaneous vaginal birth in a vertex position. SaO2 was measured directly by a spectrophotometer and pH, base excess, pCO2 and pO2 by a pH/blood-gas analyser. Infants with a 5-minute Apgar score ≥ 7 were considered vigorous. Subgroups were classified according to the gestational age: preterm, term and postterm (〈 37, 37–42 and 〉 42 weeks, respectively).Results The median umbilical artery SaO2 was 24.3% and the 2.5th centile was as low as 2.7%. The median umbilical artery values were pH = 7.25, base excess =−4.3 mmol/L and pO2= 16 mmHg. The 2.5th centiles were 7.08, −11.1 mmol/L and 5 mmHg, respectively. The median umbilical artery pCO2 was 50 mmHg and the 97.5th centile was 75 mmHg. The mean umbilical artery and vein SaO2 values were not significantly influenced by gestational age. The umbilical artery SaO2 and base excess values were strongly skewed. The mean umbilical artery pH values in preterm infants were higher than in other subgroups. The mean umbilical artery and vein base excess values were lower in post-term newborn infants than in other subgroups.Conclusions The physiological range of oxygen saturation in umbilical cord of vigorous newborn infants at birth is wide and skewed. In contrast to pH and base excess, umbilical cord blood oxygen saturation is not influenced significantly by gestational age at birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb10401.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Risiken des Gestationsdiabetes (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 245 (1989), S. 278-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02417273
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Insulintherapie beim Gestationsdiabetes (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 245 (1989), S. 279-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02417274
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relevante Grenzwerte des oralen Glucosetoleranztests in der Schwangerschaft (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 257 (1995), S. 577-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02264895
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfache gaschromatographische Routinebestimmung von Pregnandiol aus Schwangerenharn (1970)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 208 (1970), S. 410-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine gaschromatographische Routinebestimmung des Pregnandiols aus Schwangerenharn ohne säulen- oder dünnschichtchromatographische Reinigung angegeben. Diese Methode wird durch folgende Konditionen gekennzeichnet: Emulgationshydrolyse des Harnes mit Cholesterin als inneren Standard, Extraktion und Reinigung des Extraktes durch Waschen mit Natronlauge und Kaliumpermanganatlösung sowie das zur „Trockene-Bringen“ des Extraktes durch Erwärmung im Stickstoffstrom. Die extrahierten Steroide werden durch 10minütiges Einwirken von Acetylchlorid bei Raumtemperatur acetyliert, wiederum mit Stickstoff zur Trockene geblasen und in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff gelöst. Die Konditionen zur gaschromatographischen Analyse werden angegeben, sie müssen im Detail für jeden Gaschromatographen und für jede Kolonne neu erarbeitet werden. Die quantitative Bestimmung ist den spektrophotometrischen Methoden in bezug auf Genauigkeit überlegen, zumal Harnfarbstoffe oder andere Faktoren, die die Farbreaktion chemisch stören könnten, ohne Einfluß bleiben.
    Notes: Summary A routine method for the gaschromatographic determination of pregnanediol from pregnancy urine is described omitting column — or thinlayer chromatography. The method is based on emulgationacid-hydrolysis employing cholesterol as internal standard, extraction into Cyclohexane, purification by shaking with sodiumhydroxyde and potassium permanganate and evoporation of the organic solvent under nitrogen, followed by acetylation of the extracted steroids. This is accomplished by a 10 minute reaction with acetylchloride at room temperature, “drying” with nitrogen, and dilution into carbontetrachloride. Conditions for the gaschromatographic analysis are described, but have to be adapted for different gaschromatographic instruments and tested for each column. The quantitative (gaschromatographic) determination (of pregnanediol) is more accurate than spectrophotometric methods in which the colour reaction is disturbed by urinary chromogens and other factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00668255
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emfluß des vorzeitigen Blasensprunges auf prämature Neugeborene (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 232 (1981), S. 544-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02429699
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zerebrale Blutflußgeschwindigkeit (Bfg) von Frühgeborenen〈1500 g unmittelbar postpartal (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 254 (1993), S. 1598-1600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02266550
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