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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the CD2 Activation Epitope T11-3 (CD2R) on T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Lyme Disease: Phenotypic and Functional Analysis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 34 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: CD2R is an activation-associated epitope unmasked by a conformational change of the CD2 cell-surface glycoprotein. In spite of elaborate studies on the role of CD2 and CD2R in adhesion and stimulation of T cells in vitro, no instances of CD2R expression in vivo were known to date. We report high levels or CD2R observed on blood and synovial fluid T cells in rheumatoid arthritis and on peripheral blood T cells in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, and Lyme disease. In vivo, expression of CD2R was restricted to T cells, not limited to a particular T-cell subset and not correlated with the expression of p55 interleukin 2R (IL-2R) (CD25) or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. When stimulated to prolieration via CD2 or CD3, ex vivo CD2R+ T cells showed the same basic activation requirements as CD2R- T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01556.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tγδ Cells and their Subsets in Blood and Synovial Tissue from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 32 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the frequencies of Tγδ cells in blood, synovial fluids, and synovial membranes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in blood from age-matched controls Immunocyto-chemical and immunohistochemical techniques were used with monoclonal antibodies BB3 and A13 to define a major and minor blood subset of Tγδ cells respectively. Together, these antibodies identify the majority (if not all) of the peripheral blood Tγδ cells.Significantly lower levels of Tγδ cells were found in the blood of RA patients compared with controls, whilst higher but not significant numbers were found in the synovial fluids or paired samples Scattered Tγδ cells were found only in some synovial membranes with A distribution similar to the Tγδ cells Analysis of the two different Tγδ -cell subsets indicated a ratio of BB3 to A13 of about 5:1 in control and RA blood. However, this ratio was less than 1:1 in the RA synovial fluids and membranes. The migratory nature of the A13+ cells could account for their predominance in these sites the possible pathological significance of these cells in the rheumatoid synovial fluid and synovial membranes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb03200.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of low-field (0.2 Tesla) and high-field (1.5 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 114 (1995), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to evaluate the reliability of low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we examined 22 patients using a 0.2-Tesla magnet unit in comparison with a 1.5-Tesla system. The MRI findings were compared with the intraoperative findings. Concerning the diagnosis of meniscal tears, the gradings of both systems differed only in three cases. The specificity was 97% (both systems), the sensitivity 83% (1.5 T) versus 75% (0.2 T). The sensitivity and specificity for detection of tears of the anterior cruciate ligament were 100% and 75%, respectively, for both systems. The gradings differed only in two cases. In our series we found 6 full-thickness cartilage defects that were all detected with the high-field imaging system. They were missed by the low-field imaging system in 5 cases. The results suggest that both systems are reliable in diagnosing meniscal tears and ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00452088
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progression von Fußdeformitäten bei rheumatoider Arthritis – Eine radiologische Verlaufsbeobachtung über fünf Jahre (1999)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 58 (1999), S. 351-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Rheumatoide Arthritis ; Fußdeformitäten ; radiologische Progression ; Key words Rheumatoid arthritis ; foot ; deformity ; radiography ; progression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Objective: The typical changes of the foot in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the rear foot valgus and the flattening of the longitudinal arch as well as the splayfoot with hallux valgus and little toe deformities. These foot deformities are not so much a cosmetic problem, but are very painful and limit the patient‘s mobility. Methodes: The progression of rheumatic foot deformities with a follow-up of five years was described in 36 patients (70 feet) with RA and an average duration of the disease of 19.2 years (±9.8 years). The analysis was based on standardized X-rays of the feet using the index of Larsen, Dale, and Eek. The number of affected joints and their predominant locations were evaluated. Results: In the course of the follow-up, the first MTP joint was affected most frequently in 57%. Especially the tarsometatarsal joints of the Lisfranc-joint-line showed progressive changes. Altogether, a radiological progression of arthritic changes and a worsening of the foot statics were observed in 97% of the patients. Conclusion: In view of the rapid progression of rheumatic foot disorders, there is need not only for a consequent pharmacotherapy but also for strict clinical controls and a disease stage oriented local therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Die typischen Fußveränderungen bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) sind der Rückfußvalgus, die Abflachung des Längsgewölbes sowie der Spreizfuß mit Ausbildung eines Hallux valgus und Deformitäten der Kleinzehen. Diese Fußdeformitäten stören den Patienten weniger kosmetisch, sondern schränken ihn vor allem schmerzbedingt in seiner Gehfähigkeit ein. Methoden: Anhand von standardisierten Röntgenaufnahmen von 70 Füßen bei 36 Patienten mit gesicherter RA bei einer durchschnittlichen Erkankungsdauer von 19,2 Jahren (±9,8 Jahre) konnte die Progression der Fußdeformitäten im Verlauf von fünf Jahren dargestellt werden. Zur Auswertung wurde der Index nach Larsen, Dale und Eek herangezogen und entsprechend die Anzahl der befallenen Gelenke sowie ihre Prädilektion ausgewertet. Ebenso wurde die Vorfußbreite und das Längsgewölbe vermessen. Ergebnisse: Das Großzehengrundgelenk war im Rahmen der Nachuntersuchung mit 57% am häufigsten befallen. Des weiteren zeigten vor allem die Tarsometatarsalgelenke der Lisfranc‘schen Gelenklinie progressive Veränderungen. Insgesamt zeigte sich eine radiologische Progression der Deformitäten mit Veränderung der Fußstatik bei 97% der Patienten. Schlußfolgerung: Bei der raschen Progression von Fußdeformitäten bei RA bedarf es zusäztlich zur medikamentösen Therapie einer konsequenten Kontrolle des Fußbefundes verbunden mit einer stadien- und beschwerdeorientierten Behandlung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003930050194
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ArthroseprozeßKlinik – Grundlagenforschung (1998)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 57 (1998), S. 182-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003930050087
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenotype analysis of “inflammatory” macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis by two-colour cytofluorometry and immunohistology (1990)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 29 (1990), S. 95-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion Several monocyte/macrophage surface antigens (CD13, MHC II, Ki-M8) were found to be overexpressed in various compartments i.e. peripheral blood, synovial fluid and inflamed synovial membrane of RA patients. A decreased expression of CD11a (LFA-1) on CD14+ cells could be observed in RA synovial membranes and in synovial fluid as compared to PMNC. This finding was confirmed by immunohistology. Synovial lining cells lacked CD11a, but expressed CD11b and c. Although speculative, one could imagine that a CD14+ subpopulation of macrophages expressing CD11a in the circulation either does not migrate to the lining layer or loses CD11a during migration and differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964729
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chondrocyte Differentiation in Human Osteoarthritis: Expression of Osteocalcin in Normal and Osteoarthritic Cartilage and Bone (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 67 (2000), S. 230-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteocalcin — Cartilage — Osteoarthritis — Chondrocytes — Differentiation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Osteocalcin (OC), which is a marker of the mature osteoblasts, can also be found in posthypertrophic chondrocytes of the epiphyseal growth plate, but not in chondrocytes of the resting zone or in adult cartilage. In human osteoarthritis (OA), chondrocytes can differentiate to a hypertrophic phenotype characterized by type X collagen. The protein- and mRNA-expression pattern of OC was systematically analyzed in decalcified cartilage and bone sections and nondecalcified cartilage sections of human osteoarthritic knee joints with different stages of OA to investigate the differentiation of chondrocytes in OA. In severe OA, we found an enhanced expression of the OC mRNA in the subchondral bone plate, demonstrating an increased osteoblast activity. Interestingly, the OC protein and OC mRNA were also detected in osteoarthritic chondrocytes, whereas in chondrocytes of normal adult cartilage, both the protein staining and the specific mRNA signal were negative. The OC mRNA signal increased with the severity of OA and chondrocytes from the deep cartilage layer, and proliferating chondrocytes from clusters showed the strongest signal for OC mRNA. In this late stage of OA, chondrocytes also stained for alkaline phosphatase and type X collagen. Our results clearly show that the expression of OC in chondrocytes correlates with chondrocyte hypertrophy in OA. Although the factors including this phenotypic shift in OA are still unknown, it can be assumed that the altered microenvironment around osteoarthritic chondrocytes and systemic mediators could be potential inducers of this differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230001108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of cartilage thickness in the human knee-joint by magnetic resonance imaging using a three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence (1999)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 23 (1999), S. 264-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé  Nous avons examiné des speciments humains et comparé les dates des mesures de l’épaisseur du cartilage avec le MRI utilisant un système ”image analysing” avec les séctions histologiques correspondantes dans le centre de chaque secteur. Les résultats sont fondés sur 768 mesures de 26 articulations du genou. Tous ensemble, la correlation magnetique resonance/anatomique était tres bien (r=0.88). La correlation plus petite dans notre exanination était dans les secteurs du femur (r=0.69). La correlation était apparement independante du degré des lésions osteoarthritique du cartilage. En dépit des taux positifs de correlation, la difference moyenne magnetique re-sonance/anatomique (valeurs absolues) était 0.41 mm (écart-type (EC): 0.34 mm) ou 18.08% (EC 18.9%). Les techniques d`images ont besoin d`améloriation si les mesures de l’épaisseur du cartilage avec le MRI semble important pour les questions médicales. Il faut considérer les differences selon la localisation en évaluant l’épaisseur du cartilage avec le MRI.
    Notes: Abstract  We studied human specimens and compared data on cartilage thickness measurements with magnetic resonance imaging by using an image analysing system with corresponding histological sections in the middle of each sector. The findings are based on 768 measurements in 26 knee joints. Overall, there was very good magnetic resonance/anatomic correlation (r=0.88). The poorest correlation was in the sectors of the femur (r=0.69). The correlation seemed not to be dependent on the grade of osteoarthritic cartilage lesions. Despite good correlation rates, the mean magnetic resonance/anatomic difference (absolute values) was 0.41 mm (standard deviation (SD) 0.34 mm) or 18.08% (SD 18.9%). Imaging techniques need to be improved if the assessment of cartilage thickness by this means is to be of clinical relevance .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002640050367
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytologische Untersuchungen der Synovia zur Beurteilung arthrotischer Zustände am Kniegelenk (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 85 (1976), S. 61-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Beurteilung präarthrotischer und arthrotischer Zustände am Kniegelenk, insbesondere unter dem Aspekt differentialdiagnostischer Erwägungen, trifft zuweilen auch unter Anwendung subtiler Untersuchungsmethoden auf Schwierigkeiten. In diesen Fällen ist die Anwendung aller verfügbarer diagnostischer Maßnahmen geboten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Wertigkeit und Aussagekraft cytologischer Untersuchungen bei präarthrotischen und arthrotischen Alterationen des Kniegelenkes überprüft. Dazu wurden in 25 Fällen—aus einer Gesamtzahl von 140 ausgewählt—anläßlich operativer Eingriffe (zumeist wegen Verdachts auf eine Meniskopathie oder Meniscusläsion) Synovialflüssigkeit abpunktiert und diese nach der Methode nach Vojtisek aufgearbeitet und analysiert. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse (Analyse des Differentialzellbildes) konnten mit den intraoperativ objektivierbaren Befunden korreliert werden. Dabei zeigte sich, daß die makroskopisch erfaßbaren Veränderungen an der Synovialis, den Menisci und dem Knorpel, die je nach Ausprägung und Schweregrad in 5 Gruppen unterteilt wurden, eine vergleichende Beurteilung mit den Befunden der Differentialzellbilder zuließen. Es kann eine Zuordnung bestimmter Formen des Differentialzellbildes zu variierenden makroskopisch-anatomischen Veränderungen am Kniegelenk vorgenommen werden. Die Ergebnisse werden eingehend diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Even if you use very refinded methods of investigation, there might be some difficulties in the estimation of praearthrotic and arthrotic conditions in the knee joint, especially under the aspect of differential diagnostical considerations. In those cases all the diagnostical measures available should be applied. In this paper the value and power of evidence of cytological investigations with arthrotic alterations of the knee joint are checked. For this purpose some synovial liquid was punctured in 25 cases—chosen out of a total number of 140—of operations (mostly on behalf of suspectes meniscopathy). The liquid was worked up in the method found by Vojtisek and analysed. It was possible to correlate the thus found results (analysis of the differential cell formation) with the findings which were objectively gained during the operation. Thereby you could see that the macroscopically visible changes of the synovialis, the menisci and the cartilage, which were divided into 5 groups regarding their form and their degree of significance, allowed a comparison with the findings of the differential cell formations. It is possible to attach certain forms of the differential cell formation to varying macroscopic-anatomic changes of the knee joint. The results are thoroughly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00416333
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Lactatdehydrogenase-Isoenzymverteilung im menschlichen Knorpel (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 83 (1975), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Analyse des LDH-Isoenzymverteilungsmusters im normalen Knorpel wird für die Interpretation von Enzymwerten bei krankhaften Gelenkveränderungen wertvolle Hinweise geben können. Sie kann Aufschlüsse über die jeweils resultierende Stoffwechselsituation im Gelenk bieten. Da bisher noch keine repräsentativen Untersuchungen über den normalen menschlichen Knorpel bekannt sind, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Versuch unternommen, das LDH-Isoenzymverteilungsmuster im normalen Knorpel zu bestimmen. Das Ergebnis zeigt, daß im normalen menschlichen Gelenkknorpel die LDH-5 mit durchschnittlich 75,3% überwiegt und ein starker Abfall zur LDH-4 (21,7%) und zur LDH-3 (3,2%) erfolgt. Das Ergebnis fügt sich damit gut in die bisherigen Daten über den Gelenkknorpel ein.
    Notes: Summary The analysis of the lactatdehydrogenase(LDH)-isoenzym patterns in normal human cartilage will be of valuable help in the interpretation of enzymological data in cases of pathological joint changes. It may allow conclusions about the situation of the metabolism in a joint according to the particular circumstances. As so far no representative investigations into normal human cartilage have become known, the attempt has been made in this paper to evaluate the LDH-isoenzym pattern in normal cartilage. The result indicates that in normal human joint cartilage the LDH-5 dominates with an average of 75.3%, whereas the LDH-4 (21.7%) and the LDH-3 (3.2%) are considerably lower. Thus the result fits well into the joint cartilage data which have been published so far.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00416288
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