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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tγδ Cells and their Subsets in Blood and Synovial Tissue from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 32 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the frequencies of Tγδ cells in blood, synovial fluids, and synovial membranes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in blood from age-matched controls Immunocyto-chemical and immunohistochemical techniques were used with monoclonal antibodies BB3 and A13 to define a major and minor blood subset of Tγδ cells respectively. Together, these antibodies identify the majority (if not all) of the peripheral blood Tγδ cells.Significantly lower levels of Tγδ cells were found in the blood of RA patients compared with controls, whilst higher but not significant numbers were found in the synovial fluids or paired samples Scattered Tγδ cells were found only in some synovial membranes with A distribution similar to the Tγδ cells Analysis of the two different Tγδ -cell subsets indicated a ratio of BB3 to A13 of about 5:1 in control and RA blood. However, this ratio was less than 1:1 in the RA synovial fluids and membranes. The migratory nature of the A13+ cells could account for their predominance in these sites the possible pathological significance of these cells in the rheumatoid synovial fluid and synovial membranes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb03200.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the CD2 Activation Epitope T11-3 (CD2R) on T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Lyme Disease: Phenotypic and Functional Analysis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 34 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: CD2R is an activation-associated epitope unmasked by a conformational change of the CD2 cell-surface glycoprotein. In spite of elaborate studies on the role of CD2 and CD2R in adhesion and stimulation of T cells in vitro, no instances of CD2R expression in vivo were known to date. We report high levels or CD2R observed on blood and synovial fluid T cells in rheumatoid arthritis and on peripheral blood T cells in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, and Lyme disease. In vivo, expression of CD2R was restricted to T cells, not limited to a particular T-cell subset and not correlated with the expression of p55 interleukin 2R (IL-2R) (CD25) or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. When stimulated to prolieration via CD2 or CD3, ex vivo CD2R+ T cells showed the same basic activation requirements as CD2R- T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01556.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Antibody Repertoire of Early Human B Cells I. High Frequency of Autoreactivity and Polyreactivity (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 31 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: antibodies from theresulting lines and clones were examined for their binding to a variety of auto-antigens and micro-organisms by ELISA and fluorescence assays. Auto-antigens tested included Fc of IgG, ssDNA and dsDNA, cardiolipin, histones 1-4, collagens type I and II. thyroglobulin, cytoskeletal components, and a tissue section screen. Of 71 cell lines tested, all but 19 showed some autoreactivity. All 32 fetal liver lines reacted to some seif-antigens. In cord blood clones, 16 out of 26 bound to auto-antigens. Many of the clones reacted with more than one auto-antigen and were ‘polyrcactive’. Some of the cord blood clones bound to extracts of micro-organisms, showing specificity for both endogenous and exogenous antigens. The high frequency of CD5+ B cells in the cord blood (〉 50%) and fetal liver (〉 70%) argues for many of these clones being derived from this subset. Therefore, our data support the concept that many ‘early’ B cells produce polyreactive IgM which can bind to a variety of different auto-antigens and microorganisms. These IgM antibodies are similar to those described by others as ‘natural antibodies’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02740.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Antibody Repertoire of Early Human B Cells (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 32 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Our previous studies have shown that a high frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-immortalized cord blood (CB) and fetal liver (FL) clones produce IgM antibodies which display extensive autoreactivity for IgG Fc (rheumatoid factor, RF). To investigate further the repertoire of these early B B cells we have examined the expression of CRI associated with RF paraproteins in relation to antibody specificity and polyreactivity. CRI were detected by ELISA and/or flow cytometry using a panel of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies defining idiotopes associated with particular VKand VH gene family products and raised against Fc-specific paraproteins.Many of the CRI were expressed by these clones, suggesting that they may be markers of early B cells. The presence of the CRI was not always associated with Fc specificity. Three of eight CB/FL clones expressed the VKII subgroup of light chains, and two of these expressed the VK sub-subgroup associated CRI, 17-109. These two clones reacted with IgG Fc, and one also bound to single-stranded DNA. The VHIII-associated idiotope D12 was expressed on IgM from 4 out of 9 FL and 5 out of 12 CB clones. D12 and B6(also a VH-III-associated CRI) were coexpressed in 4 out of 5 CB clones but not in the four FL clones. Seven out of nine clones expressing these idiotopes were polyreactive. and five had Fc-binding activity.Three of the 12 CB clones expressed the VHI-associated conformational idiotope G8. One of 20 CLL clones expressed both B6 and D12, and another expressed both 17-109 and the VH-I associated G6and G8 idiotopes. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the frequent usage, in early B cells, of VK subgroups and VH-associated idiotopes of RF paraproteins. The expression of these CRI was not a prerequisite for binding to IgG Fc. but there was a frequent association of these idiotopes with it. Differences in expression of CRI between CLL and early B-cell clones may suggest differences in the pattern or VH usage between these subsets of B cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb03214.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role ofγδ T cells in the normal and disordered immune system (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: T cell receptorγδ ; Autoimmune disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A small population of T cells does not express the conventional T cell receptor characterized by theα andβ polypeptide chains (TCRαβ) but instead, two polypeptides termedγ andδ (TCRγδ). This alternative receptor is able to recognize antigen. It appears early in T cell ontogeny, but its role in the thymus prior to the availability of TCRαβ remains unclear. In selected sites such as skin or gut TCRγδ predominates in mice which might suggest a role ofγδ T cells in the first line of defense against infection,γδ T cells secrete lymphokines and display cytotoxic activity. However, their activation requirements may differ from what is known forαβ T cells since MHC-nonrestricted and also CD4 and CD8 negativeγδ T cells have been described. Preferential activation by mycobacterial antigens possibly indicates a special repertoire of theγδ T cells. In various diseases slightly increased numbers ofγδ T cells were found, but these preliminary studies have not yet provided evidence for a major pathogenetic role ofγδ T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01648239
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of CTLA-4 (CD152) on human medullary CD4+ thymocytes (1998)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 187 (1998), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Key words CTLA-4 ; Thymus ; CD4+ thymocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CTLA-4 (CD152) is a T cell surface receptor with sequence homology to the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. The molecule, which is essential for the inhibitory regulation of the immune response, becomes transiently expressed on mature T cells after stimulation in vitro. In situ, CTLA-4+ T cells are enriched in the light zones of the germinal centers in human peripheral lymphoid organs. In this study we have studied expression of CTLA-4 in human thymus in situ. CTLA-4 was expressed on about one third of CD4+/CD8–/CD1– medullary thymocytes. CTLA-4 was acquired by a subset of immature (CD1+) thymocytes and lost from the mature (CD1–) subpopulation within 48 h of cell culture, suggesting that the expression on medullary thymocytes is transient. The demonstration of CTLA-4 on a substantial subpopulation of mature CD4+ thymocytes adds a new dimension to the understanding of this important molecule. When contemplating application of anti-CTLA-4 for therapy its potential influence on T cell maturation has to be taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004300050073
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herpesvirus saimiri strategies for T cell stimulation and transformation (1999)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 187 (1999), S. 127-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004300050084
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