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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on Non-Quenched Calcium Phosphate Cement: Influences of Quenching and Milling on Setting Characteristic (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 330-332 (Feb. 2007), p. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The aim of this study is to explore the effects of quenching and milling processing onsetting property of calcium phosphate cement (CPC). For this purpose, non-quenched α-tricalciumphosphate (α-TCP) and quenched α-TCP were synthesized and their corresponding cement systemswere prepared. The particle size of α-TCP powder was introduced as a variable. Then, settingproperties of these CPC systems were estimated. By a comparison between non-quenched CPC andthe quenched one, it is found that milling processing mainly influences the initial setting stage bydecreasing reactant particle size whereas the quenching treatment affects the final setting stage bychanging α-TCP content, which supports that CPC setting initially depends on the surface area ofreactants and subsequently on the diffusion through the hydrated layer formed around the reactants
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/52/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.330-332.39.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of surface roughness and calcium phosphate coating on the implant/bone response (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The influence of surface roughness and calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coating on the bone response of titanium implants was investigated. Four types of titanium implants, i.e. as-machined, grit blasted, as-machined with Ca-P sputter coating, and grit blasted with Ca-P sputter coating, were prepared. The Ca-P sputter-coating, produced by using the RF magnetron sputter technique, was rapid heat-treated with infrared radiation at 600°C. These implants were inserted into the left and right femoral condyles and the left and right tibial diaphyses of the rabbits. After implantation periods of 2 and 12 weeks, the bone–implant interface was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. Histological evaluation revealed no new bone formation around different implant materials after 2 weeks of implantation. After 12 weeks, bone healing was almost completed. For both tibial and femoral implants, Ca-P coated implants always showed a higher amount of bone contact than either of the non-coated implants. On the other hand, surface roughness improved only the response to implants inserted into the tibial diaphysis. On the basis of these findings, we concluded that 1) deposition of a sputtered Ca-P coating on an implant has a beneficial effect on the bone response to this implant during the healing phase, and 2) besides implant surface conditions the bone response is also determined by local implant site conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2000.011004296.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mechanical evaluation of TiO2-gritblasted and Ca-P magnetron sputter coated implants placed into the trabecular bone of the goat: part 1 (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The influence of Ca-P magnetron sputter coated implants on the mechanical anchorage was evaluated in a goat model. Therefore, uncoated and coated screw designed commercially pure titanium TiO2-blasted implants were inserted into the trabecular bone of the femoral condyles of 12 goats. The thicknesses of the coatings were 0.1 μm (CaP-0.1), 1.0 μm (CaP-1) and 4.0 μm (CaP-4). In addition, uncoated TiO2-blasted implants (Ti) were used as control. Evaluation of the interface strength and appearance, using torque test and scanning electron microscopy, was done at implantation periods of 6 and 12 weeks. Although, especially at 6 weeks of implantation, the Ca-P coated implants showed higher failure torque values than the TiO2 blasted implants, the observed differences for type of implant and evaluation period were not significant (P〉0.1). SEM evaluation showed that all implants with failure values of more than 100 N conducted bone growth into their screw threads. In addition, we observed that the fracture plane for the CaP-4 implants was situated at the coating–implant interface or inside the coating. For the CaP-1 and CaP-0.1 the fracture line could not be determined definitely. For the Ti implants, the fracture torque testing resulted in failure at the bone–implant interface. Therefore, we conclude that all implants resulted in a good bonding strength with the surrounding bone. The sputtered Ca-P coatings seemed to improve the initial fixation of the TiO2 blasted implants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2000.011004305.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histological evaluation of TiO2-gritblasted and Ca-P magnetron sputter coated implants placed into the trabecular bone of the goat: part 2 (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the synergetic influence of surface topography and chemical composition of oral implant materials on bone response. For the experiment screw designed implants were used. The implants were grit-blasted with TiO2 particles. The implants were left uncoated (Ti) or provided with three different amorphous/crystalline Ca-P magnetron sputter coatings, resp. 0.1 μm (CaP-0.1), 1 μm (CaP-1) and 4 μm (CaP-4), in thickness. The implants were inserted in the medial femoral condyles of 12 goats. Each femur received 2 implants. After implantation periods of 6 and 12 weeks the implants were retrieved and prepared for histological and histomorphometrical evaluation (bone contact and bone mass). The light microscopy revealed that bone response to CaP-4 and CaP-1 implants was similar. For example, after 12 weeks, screw threads were almost completely covered with bone. In contrast to CaP-0.1 and Ti implants, where bone apposition was less pronounced. Histomorphometry demonstrated that the bone-to-implant contact for the CaP-1 and CaP-4 implants was significantly higher (P〈0.05) than for the CaP-0.1 and Ti implants. This difference existed already after 6 weeks and was even enhanced after 12 weeks. The bone mass measurements revealed that only at 12 weeks CaP-4 implants had significantly more bone contact inside the screw threads than non-coated Ti-implants (P〈0.05). Supported by our findings, we conclude that the additional application of a 1–4 μm thick Ca-P magnetron sputter coating can further improve the healing response to surface roughened oral implants placed into trabecular bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2000.011004314.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone healing capacity of titanium plasma-sprayed and hydroxylapatite-coated oral implants (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 9 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The influence of surface quality, in particular surface topography and implant material, was evaluated by inserting titanium- and hydroxylapatite plasma-sprayed coated implants into the maxilla of 10 goats. Three types of plasma-spray coatings were applied to tapered, screw shaped implants; titanium plasma-spray coating (TPS), titanium plasma-spray coating with additional acid passivation (TPSA) and a bilayered coating (TPS/HA) consisting of titanium plasma-spray coating (TPS) and a hydroxylapatite part (HA). In addition, as machined implants (TIM) were used as control. A total of 40 implants were inserted according a balanced split plot design. At the end of a 3-month healing period, it appeared that 5 implants (2 TPS, 1 TPSA, 1 TPS/HA and 1 TiM) were lost. Histological examination revealed a stronger bone response to TPS/HA coated implants. Even the TPS/HA coated implants induced bone formation on the part of the implant inserted into the sinus. No signs of delamination of the TPS coatings were visible. The HA part of the dual coating showed signs of degradation. Histomorphometrical analysis confirmed these findings. A significant difference in bone contact (P〈0.05) was measured between the TPS/HA coated implants and the other types of implants. Linear regression (r〉0.2) showed no correlation between the inscrew values at the base line and the bone contact measurements 3 months after healing. On the basis of these results, we can conclude that the chemical composition of the HA coating has a positive influence on the bone reaction. The influence of roughness is less evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1998.090407.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of calcium phosphate coating composition and crystallinity on the response of osteogenic cells in vitro (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium phosphate coating crystallinity and composition on the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow (RBM) cells. Grit-blasted titanium substrates were provided with thin sputter-coated calcium phosphate (Ca-P) films of different composition. The Ca-P-coated substrates were used as-sputtered or were heat-treated. XRD measurements showed that the as-sputtered coatings had an amorphous structure, whereas the heat-treated substrates showed an amorphous–crystalline structure. RBM cells were cultured on these substrates and on noncoated titanium substrates. After specific culture times, the expression of osteogenic markers by the cells was studied. On the amorphous–crystalline coatings as well as on titanium substrates, RBM cells proliferated, expressed alkaline phosphatase and showed mineralization. More mineralization was found on the amorphous–crystalline coatings than on the titanium substrates. Some precipitation was also found on substrates that were incubated in complete culture medium without cells. This precipitate disappeared after prolonged incubation. Alkaline phosphatase expression differed on the various amorphous–crystalline Ca-P-coated substrates, but no difference was found in the mineralization on these substrates. The amorphous Ca-P coatings showed extensive dissolution and some signs of precipitation after longer culture periods. Proliferation and differentiation of RBM cells was not seen on the amorphous coatings, regardless of Ca-P composition. We conclude that amorphous–crystalline Ca-P coatings stimulate differentiation of RBM cells, with only limited differences between coatings of various composition. In contrast, Ca-P coatings with an amorphous structure inhibit the growth and differentiation of RBM cells. This effect was found on all amorphous substrates, regardless of Ca-P composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2003.00886.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-vitro apatite formation on phosphorylated bamboo (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 543-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Natural self-reinforced composite, bamboo, was surface modified by phosphorylation with urea–H3PO4 and NaOH–H3PO4 methods; then precalcification was performed by immersing samples in saturated Ca(OH)2 solution. After that, calcium phosphate can be formed on the surface of bamboo samples in calcification media: simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) and accelerated calcification solution (ACS). Experimental results reveal that pre-calcification is an inevitable step for the formation of calcium phosphate. The calcium phosphate formed in 1.5 SBF was identified by thin-film X-ray diffraction as apatite which was not well crystallized. Compared with the urea–H3PO4 method, the NaOH–H3PO4 method has the advantages of quicker and continuous apatite formation and stronger adhesive between apatite and bamboo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018546730925
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical Evaluation of Fixation of Titanium Implants in Trabecular Bone Using an Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cement (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 218-220 (Nov. 2001), p. 361-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/46/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.218-220.361.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft Tissue Response to Newly Developed Calcium Phosphate Cements (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 218-220 (Nov. 2001), p. 363-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/46/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.218-220.363.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study to the Surface Characteristics of RF Magnetron Sputtered Bioglass - and Calcium Phosphate Coatings (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 284-286 (Apr. 2005), p. 187-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The RF magnetron sputter technique was used to deposit Bioglass (BG) andhydroxyapatite (HA) coatings onto titanium substrates. In the current study, the physico-chemical and dissolution properties of various deposited coatings were investigated. X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the as-sputtered coatings had an amorphous structure, a heattreatment for 2 hours at 600°C changed only the HA coating into a crystalline apatite structure. Dissolution experiments demonstrated that all the amorphous coatings dissolved during the incubation for 4 weeks in simulated body fluid, while all the heattreated sputter coatings were still maintained. In contrast with the HA heattreated sputter coatings all the bioglass containing sputter coatings showed the formation of a crystalline apatite phase. Scanning electron microscopical examination of the sputtered coatings demonstrated that on all the heattreated BG/HG sputter coating a thick CaP precipitate was formed, while on the BG sputter coating occasionally a globular precipitate was observed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/49/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.284-286.187.pdf
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