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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Mineralization ; Dentine ; Ultrastructure ; Elementanalysis ; Collagen fibrils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The purpose of this study was to compare the biomineralization of circumpulpal dentine with that of mantle dentine by ultrastructural and element-analytical techniques. Forty upper second molar germs of 10-day-old albino rats were cryofixed in liquid nitrogen-cooled propane and embedded in resin after freeze drying. Semithin dry sections were cut for analyzing the calcium and phosphorus concentration in initial mantle dentine, at the mineralization front of circumpulpal dentine, in the middle region of circumpulpal dentine and in mantle dentine peripheral to circumpulpal dentine. For the morphological evaluation of mineral deposits we compared ultrathin and unstained sections of cryofixed molars with chemically fixed molars. For both dentine types it was found that they develop via identical steps of mineral formation at collagen fibrils and non-collagenous matrix molecules. In circumpulpal dentine no globular mineral protrusions along the mineralization front (i.e. calcospherites) and no indications of interglobular dentine at the transition from circumpulpal dentine to mantle dentine were present. The von Korff fibres were not only visible in mantle dentine but also in circumpulpal dentine. Matrix vesicles were present only during the formation of an initial coherent layer of mantle dentine and could not be observed during successive formation of mantle dentine and circumpulpal dentine. The element-analytical data did not demonstrate any difference in the mineral content between the two dentine types. Therefore, we conclude that mantle dentine and circumpulpal dentine in the rat molar possess a high degree of structural and chemical similarity and that only the extent of terminal branching of the odontoblast processes gives an approximate estimation of the thickness of mantle dentine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. S91 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Orbita ; Weichgewebe ; Trauma ; Kraniofaziale Fehlbildung ; MRT-3D ; Key words Orbit ; Soft tissue ; Trauma ; Craniofacial malformations ; 3D-MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Craniofacial malformations and trauma often lead to changes in orbital soft tissues that require operative correction of both hard and soft tissues. CT scan and 3D reconstructions are optimal tools for the evaluation of the bony structures but there is no equivalent for the orbital soft tissues. The aim of this study was to establish a 3D-MRI technique that allows differentiated visualization of the different soft-tissue types of the orbit. A total of eight patients with different pathologic conditions of the orbit were examined. Five of these patients came for secondary correction after trauma and three showed a craniofacial malformation. 3D reconstruction was performed in volume-rendering technique after acquisition of 3 mm axial slices. It was shown that differentiated visualization of the orbital soft tissues is possible. Even though the thin bony structures have a weak signal and therefore the imaging is poor, the globe could be reconstructed reliably by different radiologists because of its circular delimitation from the bone. This technique provides additional support in the planning of orbital operations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kraniofaziale Fehlbildungen und Verletzungen im Bereich der Orbita führen häufig zu Veränderungen an den Weichgeweben, die eine direkte operative Korrektur der veränderten Struktur oder aber des Knochenlagers erforderlich machen. Für die räumliche Diagnostik der knöchernen Strukturen steht mit dem CT und den 3D-Rekonstruktionen ein optimales Verfahren zur Verfügung. Für die Weichgewebe konnte bisher kein äquivalentes Verfahren angewendet werden. Ziel dieser Studie war es, eine dreidimensionale differenzierte MRT-Darstellung für alle orbitalen Weichgewebe zu erzielen. Es wurden insgesamt 8 Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Veränderungen der Orbita untersucht. Davon standen 5 zur Sekundärversorgung nach Trauma an und 3 wiesen eine Fehlbildung auf. Die 3D-Rekonstruktionen wurden in Volume-rendering-Technik aus den mit einer Standardkopfspule am Kernspintomographen erstellten, 3 mm dicken axialen Schichten berechnet. Die signalarmen Knochenbereiche wurden zusätzlich in koronarer Schnittführung erfaßt, um eine Ortsauflösung von 0,5 mm auch in dieser Ebene zu erreichen. Es ließ sich zeigen, daß eine differenzierte 3D-Darstellung der unterschiedlichen Weichgewebe der Orbita möglich ist. Wenngleich die knöcherne Darstellung aufgrund der Signalschwäche der dünnen Knochenwände der Schwachpunkt dieser Technik bleibt, so ist doch der Bulbus, wegen seiner allseitigen eindeutigen Abgrenzbarkeit, auch von unterschiedlichen Rekonstrukteuren reproduzierbar darzustellen. Die MRT-3D-Technik stellt somit eine deutliche Bereicherung für die Operationsplanung bei Eingriffen an der Orbita dar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Mineralization ; Matrix vesicles ; Dentine ; Ultrastructure ; Element analysis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mineralization process of mantle dentine by ultrastructural and element-analytical investigation of matrix vesicles and successive stages. Upper second molars of albino rats were cryofixed and embedded in resin after freeze drying. Semithin dry sections were prepared for analyzing the calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the mineralized matrix vesicles or noduli, larger mineralized islands, and the mantle dentine. For ultrastructural studies, it was necessary to reduce section contact with hydrous fluids to a minimum in order to avoid preparation artifacts. The first mineral deposits were recognized as dot-like formations both in the interior of matrix vesicles and in association with the inner vesicle membrane. This indicated the existence of mineral nucleating sites located both at the inner membrane and at calcium-phosphate-binding macromolecules in the interior of the matrix vesicles. A significantly higher mineral content was found in mineralized matrix vesicles than in the mineralized extravesicular regions of the mineralized islands, suggesting the existence of a rapidly and densely mineralizing matrix in the matrix vesicles. A significant increase in mineral content per volume proceeding from the mineralized islands to mantle dentine suggested a further increase in the density of mineral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Calvaria ; Mineralization ; Calcium ; Phosphorus ; Apatite ; Atomic-force microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic-force microscopy (AFM) aid the acquisition of detailed structural information on the process of hard tissue formation. The sutural mineralization of rat calvaria is taken as a model for a collagen-related mineralization system. After cryofixation or chemical fixation an anhydrous tissue preparation technique with no staining procedures is used. The atomic-force microscope and the transmission electron microscope are used for structural analysis of the mineralizing region of the sutural tissue. With the application of AFM the collagen macroperiod is shown to be well represented in the unmineralized sutural tissue. At the mineralization front the collagen fibrils are found to be thickened and to change to a characteristic stacked platelet structure. Using TEM the macroperiod is faintly visible before mineral crystallites have formed and is more prominent after the apatite crystallization has started in the fibrils. In this step a needle-like structure of the newly formed apatitic crystals is visible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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