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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Four Insecticides for the Control of the Common Green Capsid, Lygocoris pabulinus (L.) (Heteroptera-Miridae), on Apple Trees (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 20 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Single sprays of DDT, malathion, azinphos-methyl and vamidothion were applied to apple trees at petal fall in 1967 and 1968 for the control of Lygocoris pabulinus in a commercial orchard in the west of England. The degree of control was assessed by sampling the number of capsids and newly damaged twigs in each treatment after spraying. Control on all sprayed trees was virtually complete in 1967. In the following year DDT, azinphos-methyl and vamidothion gave 74, 67 and 81 per cent control respectively, whereas no L. pabulinus was found on malathion-treated trees and only 0.2 per cent of the twigs assessed for damage showed recent feeding punctures. It was concluded that vamidothion and azinphos-methyl gave as good control of this species as DDT and that malathion gave better control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1971.tb00513.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the Distributions of the Pink and the Green Biotypes of the Potato Aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thos.), on Potato Plants (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 21 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Field trials were condueted in 1967 and 1969 in south-west England to compare the distributions on potato plants of green and pink biotypes of Macrosiphum euphorbiae. In both trials, the green biotype was most abundant on the lower, older leaves, whereas the pink biotype was of similar abundanee on all leaves irrespective of their position on the plant. Furthermore, the numerical predominence of the green biotype was greater on older plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1972.tb01726.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Larval parasitoids and pathogens of the groundnut leaf miner,Aproaerema modicella (Lep.: Gelechiidae), in India (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 419-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Aproaerema modicella ; parasitoid ; pathogen ; groundnut ; India ; Aproaerema modicella ; parasitoïde ; pathogène ; arachide ; Inde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La mineuse des feuilles d'arachide,Aproaerema modicella (Deventer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) est un ravageur important des cultures d'arachide et de soja en Asie du sud. Un grand nombre d'ennemis naturels des larves de la mineuse, notamment des parasitoïdes hyménoptères, ont été signalés. Au cours de cette étude, neuf espèces de parasitoïdes primaires et huit espèces de parasitoïdes secondaires ont été obtenues par émergence à partir de larves prélevées sur le terrain. Les taux de mortalité dûs à ces parasitoïdes peuvent atteindre 50% des larves de chaque génération de la mineuse. L'efficacité de ces ennemis naturels est diminuée par l'emploi d'insecticides. Les interactions trophiques entre parasitoides primaires et secondaires au sein de cette biocoenose sont complexes et ne sont pas entièrement élucidées. Deux pathogènes non-identifiés ont aussi été notés sur les larves de la mineuse. Les taux de mortalité des larves de la mineuse dûs à ces deux pathogènes en combinaison ont atteint 30% dans le cas d'une des générations étudiées. Au total, les ennemis naturels en Inde péninsulaire provoquent une mortalité de 95% des larves de la mineuse.
    Notes: Abstract Natural enemies of the groundnut leaf miner,Aproaerema modicella (Deventer), were studied at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) located near Hyderabad in peninsular India. Hymenopterous parasitoids attacking leaf miner larvae were the most important group of natural enemies. Nine primary and eight secondary parasitoids emerged from host larvae, and killed up to 50% of the leaf miner larvae sampled. The trophic relationships between primary and secondary parasitoids are incompletely understood. The influence of pathogens of this species is reported for the first time. These pathogens killed up to 30% of the leaf miner larvae. The combined effects of all mortality agents killed up to 95% of the leaf miner larvae per sample period. However, use of insecticides in sprayed plots reduced the efficacy of parasitoids. The impact of predators on larval populations was not studied and may explain underestimates of leaf miner mortality rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373115
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Procedure for assessing visual quality for landscape planning and management (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental management 11 (1987), S. 359-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Scenic quality ; Landscape ; Management ; Preference policies ; Resource ; Value ; Model ; Computer ; Assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Incorporation of aesthetic considerations in the process of landscape planning and development has frequently met with poor results due to its lack of theoretical basis, public involvement, and failure to deal with spatial implications. This problem has been especially evident when dealing with large areas, for example, the Adirondacks, Scenic Highways, and National Forests and Parks. This study made use of public participation to evaluate scenic quality in a portion of the Niagara Escarpment in Southern Ontario, Canada. The results of this study were analyzed using thevisual management model proposed by Brown and Itami (1982) as a means of assessing and evaluating scenic quality. Themap analysis package formulated by Tomlin (1980) was then applied to this assessment for the purpose of spatial mapping of visual impact. The results of this study illustrate that it is possible to assess visual quality for landscape/management, preservation, and protection using a theoretical basis, public participation, and a systematic spatial mapping process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867164
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why insect energy budgets do not balance (1981)
    Springer
    Oecologia 50 (1981), S. 166-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary (1) Energy budgets are based upon the equation: C=P+R+FU, where C=consumption, P=production, R=respiration and FU=egesta. In studies of insect energetics, where all four parameters have been measured, the completed budget rarely balances. This can often be traced to inaccuracy in the R term which, when measured with a respirometer (R m ), is almost invariably less than when calculated as C-P-FU(=R c ). (2) The R c·R m Emphasis〉/−1 values of ‘wild’ insects (av. 2.58) are consistently larger than those of ‘laboratory’ insects (av. 1.25). (3) Suggestions that incorrect oxycalorific equivalents, caused by inappropriate RQ values, result in large inaccuracies in R m are shown to be invalid. (4) The possibility that the C term in the energy budgets of phytophagous insects has been miscalculated because of a failure to account for leaf respiration is discounted because it is equally possible, at least in properly conducted experiments, for leaves to gain weight by photosynthesis. Furthermore, this factor cannot account for imbalances in the budgets of nonphytophages. (5) The gut contents of phytophagous insects can weigh as much as the gut-free body. Failures to account for this factor lead to over-estimates of P. (6) It is concluded that there is little reason to doubt evidence published elsewhere that ‘flask-effects’ are the major cause of the discrepancy between R m and R c .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348032
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of (π− d→nn withdσ(π+ d→pp) to test charge symmetry in the Δ-region (1992)
    Springer
    Few body systems 12 (1992), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5411
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract First results on π− d → are reported. The measurements were made using 8 specially designed neutron counters, which were carefully calibratedin situ. The differential cross sections atT π=142, 180, 217, and 254 MeV were obtained at four angles between 0° and 90°, they are compared to π+ d →pp data measured at the same energies and angles with the same setup. At every beam energy, the shape of the angular distributions of π− d →nn and π+ d →pp is the same to ±2%. The absolute cross sections differ by 1 to 10%. The error in this comparison is ±4% implying a small violation of charge symmetry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01074812
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of root damage caused by simulated white grub attack on the growth, yield and water-use of groundnut plants (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 160 (1994), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Arachis ; drought ; groundnut ; peanut ; physiology ; root damage ; water uptake ; white grubs ; yield components
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract White grubs (larval scarabaeids) are now recognized as being important pests of groundnut (peanut) in many parts of the world because of their ability to damage roots. A method of simulating white grub damage to groundnut plants was developed to obtain an indication of how the feeding activity of these insects influences plant growth. The effect of root cutting and drought stress on water uptake and biomass production was evaluated, with roots being cut at three depths in the late vegetative and early podfilling stages. As groundnut plants are often grown under conditions of drought stress, the effects of which would be accentuated by root damage, this factor was introduced into the experiment. Plant water-use measurements indicated that the root systems of plants cut 30 days after emergence (DAE) and watered twice a week became fully functional again after 40 days. Pod and total biomass production were however significantly less than those of the uncut control plants, with drought stress reducing yields below the well-watered controls, particularly when cut at 10 cm below the soil surface. The root systems of plants cut 51 DAE did not regrow to any appreciable extent, and rates of plant water-use remained less than half of the uncut control plants. Over all treatments, there was a strong positive correlation between total (and pod) biomass and plant water-use. It was concluded that the phenological stage of the plant at which root damage occurred had a profound influence on the subsequent recovery in root growth and function, and ultimately on pod yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010152
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