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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, yield and soil water extraction of irrigated and dryland peanuts in South Sulawesi, Indonesia (1990)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 11 (1990), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Irrigation at 35 and 70 mm of pan evaporation applied during the pre and/or post early podfilling stages increased pod yield of Spanish peanuts (100 day maturity) three fold compared to a dryland crop. There was no difference in pod yield in crops receiving 12 compared to 6 irrigations. Soil water sampling immediately after irrigations on selected treatments revealed that infiltration of irrigation water was probably restricted to less than ca. 20 cm, a response which resulted in poor soil water replenishment and low irrigation efficiency (Fig. 3). Even though roots extracted soil water below the compaction layer which was at 20 cm severe crop water deficits had developed by the end of irrigation cycles during later but not early stages of growth. The dryland crop, which received no rainfall during the season, presumably extracted significant amounts of soil water at depths to and below 1.2 m (Fig. 3). Despite producing ca. 2.9 t ha-1 of total dry matter yield, pod yield was extremely low (0.5 t ha-1) arising from low pod numbers and high percentage of empty pods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189997
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and yield of soybeans under wet soil culture and conventional furrow irrigation in south-eastern Australia (1988)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 9 (1988), S. 127-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An experiment was conducted to determine the growth and yield responses of two soybean cultivars (Ridley and Sab40) grown on raised beds with continuous water applied in furrows (wet soil culture, WSC), and with conventional furrow irrigation applied at soil water deficits of 35 mm (F) and 70 mm (I). The early growth and leaf area development of both cultivars was reduced by both waterlogging (WSC) and water stress (1) effects compared to the frequently irrigated (F) treatment. Both cultivars acclimated to the WSC conditions and resumed active growth rates comparable to the F treatment. Excessive dry matter accumulation into leaves and stems of Ridley under WSC resulted in severe lodging and significantly reduced grain yield compared to Ridley under F irrigation. The physiological analysis presented showed that under WSC Ridley had a substantially lower light use efficiency compared the F irrigated crop during reproductive growth. It is hypothesised that lodging during this period reduced photosynthate supply as a result of detrimental changes in the pattern of leaf illumination throughout the canopy. The cultivar Sab40 did not lodge under WSC and grain yield was not significantly different from the F irrigated treatment. Further studies on the response of lodging resistant cultivars and different sowing time by plant arrangements to WSC are required to fully assess this technique under commercial conditions. More importantly, studies on soybean production in relation to crop water use and deep drainage losses on a range of soil types are needed to demonstrate that irrigation water applied is used as efficiently as conventional methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262355
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of lucerne (Medicago sativa, L.) in response to frequency of irrigation and gypsum application on a heavy clay soil (1986)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 7 (1986), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Effects of weekly (W) and fortnightly (F) irrigation schedules on established stands of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) grown on gypsum treated (G) and untreated (C) heavy clay soil were investigated. Two irrigations were applied under the fortnightly regime and four under the weekly schedule during a single cutting cycle. Growth and light interception were measured during both the vegetative and mature phases of growth. Leaf expansion, light interception and dry matter production were greater under treatments W G and W C, with yield increasing from 3.4 t ha−1 under the fortnightly schedule to 5.0 t ha-1 with weekly irrigation. Gypsum treatment was effective under the more frequent irrigation schedule. Specific leaf area and the proportion of stem were both increased by treatments W G and W C. The responses to irrigation were therefore characteristic of those elicited by a more favourable plant moisture status. Growth was analysed in terms of light interception, the efficiency of utilisation of intercepted light, the proportion of the daily dry matter gain retained by the leaves and leaf expansion. The analysis demonstrated that impaired leaf expansion contributed to a decline of approximately 15% in yield, and that impaired efficiencies of utilisation of intercepted light contributed to losses of approximately 30% under the less frequent irrigation schedule. A comparison of growth rates and efficiencies of energy conversion with published data showed that satisfactory rates of growth and levels of productivity were achieved on the heavy soils of the local region using gypsum treatment and the more frequent irrigation schedule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255693
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of frequency of irrigation and gypsum treatment on leaf water potential and leaf stomatal conductance of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) grown on a heavy clay soil (1986)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 7 (1986), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Concurrent diurnal measurements of water potential, osmotic potential and conductance were made on leaves of lucerne grown under weekly (W) and fortnightly (F) irrigation on gypsum-treated (G) and untreated soil (C). Measurements were made throughout the period of vegetative growth. Leaf water potentials were lower both at dawn and in the afternoon under fortnightly as compared to weekly irrigation. Gypsum application led to a slower decline in water potential under fortnightly irrigation, although the effect was small compared with more frequent irrigation. Stomatal conductance was reduced under treatments FG and FC during the later stages of vegetative growth, coinciding with leaf water potentials of less than c. −1.6 MPa. The relationship between leaf water potential and turgor potential changed with time such that positive turgor was maintained as leaf water potential declined. Turgor maintenance was achieved through a decrease in leaf osmotic potential. These data suggest that lucerne is capable of osmotic adjustment. Stomatal conductance declined rapidly below a leaf turgor potential of c. 0.1 MPa. It is hypothesised that osmotic adjustment enabled stomatal adjustment, which contributed to continued assimilation despite increasing soil moisture deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00259424
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of stage of growth, irrigation frequency and gypsum treatment on CO2 exchange of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) grown on a heavy clay soil (1986)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 7 (1986), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Effects of weekly (W) and fortnightly (F) irrigation schedules on CO2 assimilation by lucerne grown on untreated (C) and gypsum-ameliorated (G) heavy clay soil were investigated. Leaf area limited rates of assimilation during the initial stages of regrowth, but rates of up to 9 g CO2 m−2 h−1 were measured once full ground cover was achieved after approximately two weeks. High rates were maintained until the fifth week of regrowth (one week after full flower), after which there was a marked decline. During the fourth week of regrowth, afternoon rates of canopy photosynthesis under less frequent irrigation were less than those measured at similar irradiance during the morning. This was evidenced as hysteresis in the light response curves and was apparent in all treatment during the final stages of the experiment. For the first five weeks of regrowth, daytime integrals of photosynthesis were directly related to the amount of light intercepted by the crops. The mean efficiency of utilisation of light in CO2 assimilation was 6.2 g CO2 MJ−1 in all treatments apart from that on untreated soil under the fortnightly irrigation regime (treatment FC). Its mean efficiency was 5.1 g CO2 MJ−1. The amounts of CO2 assimilated exceeded the growth and respiratory requirements of the above-ground components of the crops, and it was estimated that 25% and 40% of the assimilated carbon was partitioned to and retained in the roots and crowns of the weekly and fortnightly irrigated crops, respectively. Results are appraised in terms of the response of lucerne to moisture deficits. Implications for above-ground dry matter production are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344072
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on rapeseed (Brassica napes) production in South-Eastern Australia (1988)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 9 (1988), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field trial was conducted to determine the response of rapeseed (Brassica napus cv. Marnoo) to two irrigation treatments and six nitrogen fertilizer treatments. Dry matter accumulation, leaf area development and seed yield were measured. The dry matter and seed yield response to applied nitrogen was greater under irrigated compared to rainfed conditions. Maximum seed yield (approx. 3.8 t ha−1) was obtained from the irrigated treatment receiving 100 kg N ha−1 applied at sowing. This high rate of N application at sowing led to more rapid leaf area development and higher maximum LAI compared to treatments supplied with split application of the same amount of N at sowing and rosette stages. Greater partitioning of dry matter into the leaf component and higher specific leaf areas under the higher N regime were largely responsible for this increase. Higher maximum LAI's were associated with greater numbers of pods per plant, which combined with longer leaf area duration led to higher final seed yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292139
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on rapeseed (Brassica napus) production in South-Eastern Australia (1988)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 9 (1988), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field trial was conducted to determine the response of rapeseed (Brassica napus cv. Marnoo) to two irrigation treatments and six nitrogen fertilizer treatments. Response to nitrogen was greater with than without irrigation. Oil content was increased with irrigation but decreased under increasing nitrogen application, and was inversely related to seed nitrogen concentration. Oil yields averaged 1,168 kg ha−1 under irrigated treatments compared with 835 kg ha−1 under rainfed treatments. Maximum oil yield (approx. 1,557 kg ha−1) was obtained from the irrigated treatment fertilized with 100 kg N ha−1 applied at sowing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292140
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pod zone moisture content on reproductive growth in three cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 116 (1989), S. 111-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium ; moisture ; peanut ; pod zone ; reproductive growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Very little research has been done to investigate the effect of a dry podding zone on reproductive development in peanut plants that are otherwise well hydrated via subsoil moisture extraction. The influence of podding zone moisture content on reproductive development and growth of three peanut cultivars (McCubbin, Gajah and Robut 33-1) was investigated in pots grown in the glasshouse. In two cultivars (McCubbin and Gajah) seed yield was reduced in a dry (air-dry) compared to a wet (field capacity) podding zone. Seed yield of Robut 33-1 was unaffected by podding zone moisture content, indicating that cultivar variation in reproductive performance in response to podding zone moisture may exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02327264
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soybeans root distribution under wet soil culture on a red-brown earth (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 103 (1987), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: duplex soil ; root distribution ; soybean ; wet-soil culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Root distribution of soybean was determined under wet soil culture on two Red-Brown earths in S.E. Australia. In general there was a parabolic distribution of roots with low root length densities in the furrow (saturated soil zone) and centre of the bed (dry zone). Maximum root length density (20 cm cm−3) occurred at the base of the plants, approximately 300 mm from the furrow under wet soil culture. Roots were confined to the wet aerated zone which was determined by the permeability of the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370678
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of root damage caused by simulated white grub attack on the growth, yield and water-use of groundnut plants (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 160 (1994), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Arachis ; drought ; groundnut ; peanut ; physiology ; root damage ; water uptake ; white grubs ; yield components
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract White grubs (larval scarabaeids) are now recognized as being important pests of groundnut (peanut) in many parts of the world because of their ability to damage roots. A method of simulating white grub damage to groundnut plants was developed to obtain an indication of how the feeding activity of these insects influences plant growth. The effect of root cutting and drought stress on water uptake and biomass production was evaluated, with roots being cut at three depths in the late vegetative and early podfilling stages. As groundnut plants are often grown under conditions of drought stress, the effects of which would be accentuated by root damage, this factor was introduced into the experiment. Plant water-use measurements indicated that the root systems of plants cut 30 days after emergence (DAE) and watered twice a week became fully functional again after 40 days. Pod and total biomass production were however significantly less than those of the uncut control plants, with drought stress reducing yields below the well-watered controls, particularly when cut at 10 cm below the soil surface. The root systems of plants cut 51 DAE did not regrow to any appreciable extent, and rates of plant water-use remained less than half of the uncut control plants. Over all treatments, there was a strong positive correlation between total (and pod) biomass and plant water-use. It was concluded that the phenological stage of the plant at which root damage occurred had a profound influence on the subsequent recovery in root growth and function, and ultimately on pod yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010152
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