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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation into the mechanism of pseudospark producing metal ion beams : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 675-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A multiplate pseudospark chamber, whose electrodes were fabricated with different metal materials, was designed and tested as a metal ion source. The ion beam implantation combined with Rutherford backscattering (RBS) measurement was used to understand whether these ion beams come from the anode plasma or the cathode plasma. The RBS measurements have demonstrated the following results: (1) pseudospark produced metal ion beams mainly consist of ions from the cathode materials; (2) the ion beam current increases rapidly with the pseudospark discharge voltage first and then saturates; and (3) the energy of the extracted metal ions is much less than the voltage between the anode and the cathode, therefore the high discharge voltage does not correspond to the high ion energy. A possible mechanism of pseudospark producing metal ion beams is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150257
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strontium–titanate-doped lead metaniobate ferroelectric thin films (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 877-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferroelectric polymorph of lead metaniobate (PbNb2O6) exhibits an orthorhombic structure, which is metastable at room temperature and can only be obtainable by quenching from high temperatures (∼1200 °C). In this letter, we report a ferroelectric PbNb2O6 thin film doped with SrTiO3 (Pb0.95Sr0.05(Nb2)0.98Ti0.05O6) with orthorhombic structure on Pt/Ti/Si substrate, which was prepared via a sol-gel route. The orthorhombic structure was developed at 900 °C at a normal heating rate of 5 °C/min and cooling rate of 10 °C/min. The PbNb2O6 film exhibited a remanent polarization (Pr) of 12.3 μC/cm2 and a coercive field (Ec) of 39 kV/cm, respectively, when measured at an applied field of 143 kV/cm. The leakage current density was 1.02×10−5 A/cm2 at 100 kV/cm. The room-temperature dielectric constant and dissipation factor was stable (∼325 and ∼1.5%, respectively) over a frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1494838
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NiFe2O4 nanoparticles formed in situ in silica matrix by mechanical activation (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 6015-6020 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanocrystalline nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) particles were successfully synthesized in situ in an amorphous silica matrix by mechanical activation at room temperature. Phase development in the amorphous precursors, derived via a modified sol–gel synthesis route, with increasing mechanical activation time was studied in detail by employing transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. NiFe2O4 nanoparticles of 8.05 nm in mean particle size with a standard deviation of 1.24 nm, which were well dispersed in the silica matrix, were realized by 30 h of mechanical activation. The phase formation of nanocrystalline NiFe2O4 particles involves the nucleation of Fe3O4 in amorphous silica at the initial stage of mechanical activation, followed by the growth of nickel ferrite by incorporation of Ni2+ caions into Fe3O4. Their magnetic anisotropy, surface spin disorder, and cation distribution are investigated by considering both the strain imposed by silica matrix and the buffer effect during mechanical activation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1462853
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transparent magnetic composites of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles in silica (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 4169-4174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Uniformly dispersed zinc ferrite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in a silica matrix with both the magnetic properties and optical transparency designed in the visible wavelength region. The phases and morphologies of these zinc ferrite particles were examined using x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A much lower formation temperature of ZnFe2O4 in nanocomposites was observed in this study compared to in conventional ceramic processing. The particle size of zinc ferrite was found to vary with the initial drying temperature, suggesting that a well-established silica network provides more confinement to the growth of ZnFe2O4 particles. The magnetic properties, measured at both 78 K and room temperature, exhibit strong dependence on the particle size, and are related to the unusual cation distribution and the surface effect of nanoparticles. The optical properties of the nanocomposites can be adjusted by varying the concentration of the zinc ferrite nanoparticles. Their absorption coefficient remains below 400 cm−1 in the red visible light region. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1404423
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cluster glass structure in nanohybrids of nonstoichiometric zinc ferrite in silica matrix (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3167-3169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A cluster glass structure has been observed to occur in nanohybrids consisting of zinc ferrite in an amorphous silica matrix. Such a unique cluster glass structure has been supported by studies of x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic characterization. By increasing the Fe/Zn ratio in silica gel to 10, crystallites of zinc ferrite of partially inverted structure were nucleated and grown in amorphous iron oxide pockets dispersed in the silica network. The zinc ferrite crystallites, together with the confinement of silica matrix, suppress nucleation and crystallization of α-Fe2O3 to a temperature above 900 °C, preserving the cluster glass structure. The resulting cluster glass structure consists of amorphous iron oxide pockets of ∼10 nm in dimensions together with zinc ferrite crystallites of ∼3 nm in sizes, which are uniformly dispersed in the amorphous silica glass matrix.© 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1415375
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of genetic effects on nutrient quality traits in indica rice (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 1099-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic effects ; Seed and maternal effects ; Rice nutrient quality ; Heritability ; Indica rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nine cytoplasmic male-sterile lines and five restorer lines were used in an incomplete diallel cross to analyze seed effects, cytoplasmic effects, and maternal gene effects on nutrient quality traits of indica rice (Oryza sauva L.). The results indicated that nutrient quality traits were controlled by cytoplasmic and maternal effects as well as by seed direct effects. Maternal effects for lysine content (LC), lysine index (LI), and the ratio of lysine content to protein content (RLP) were more important than seed direct effects, while protein content (PC) and protein index (PI) were mainly affected by seed direct effects. Cytoplasmic effects accounted for 2.41–20.80% of the total genetic variation and were significant for all nutrient quality traits. Additive genetic effects were much more important than dominance effects for all of the traits studied, so that selection could be applied for these traits in early generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224055
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of genetic effects on nutrient quality traits in indica rice (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 1099-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Cytoplasmic effects ; Seed and maternal effects ; Rice nutrient quality ; Heritability ; Indica rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Nine cytoplasmic male-sterile lines and five restorer lines were used in an incomplete diallel cross to analyze seed effects, cytoplasmic effects, and maternal gene effects on nutrient quality traits of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). The results indicated that nutrient quality traits were controlled by cytoplasmic and maternal effects as well as by seed direct effects. Maternal effects for lysine content (LC), lysine index (LI), and the ratio of lysine content to protein content (RLP) were more important than seed direct effects, while protein content (PC) and protein index (PI) were mainly affected by seed direct effects. Cytoplasmic effects accounted for 2.41–20.80% of the total genetic variation and were significant for all nutrient quality traits. Additive genetic effects were much more important than dominance effects for all of the traits studied, so that selection could be applied for these traits in early generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050236
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