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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of growth hormone-release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) in the rat brain as observed with immunocytochemistrySupported in part by a Program Project Grant (HD-08333) directed by Dr. A. R. Midgley, Jr., from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 343-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective was to determine the distribution of growth hormone-release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) in the rat brain using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method with antisera prepared against unconjugated, synthetic somatostatin. Somatostatin occurred in low quantity in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. It was present throughout the full length of the median eminence and occupied the entire width between the tuberoinfundibular sulci. Most somatostatin was located in the dorsal portion of the external lamina, and the amount varied according to the mediolateral position. The bodies labeled for somatostatin were most often granules; occasionally they appeared as clusters of granules that seemed to be membrane-enclosed. Some of these bodies appeared to be portions of axons. Many of the larger bodies were arranged alongside tanycytes, but no label was distributed generally in tanycyte cytoplasm. Somatostatin was highly concentrated in the proximal one-quarter of the infundibular stem and appeared in lower concentration throughout the distal portion of the stem. It was absent from the pars nervosa and pars intermedia of the pituitary gland. The distribution of somatostatin in the median eminence differed considerably from that of gonadotropinreleasing hormone.Somatostatin was identified in the ventromedial and/or dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei of only two animals. Here it was probably located in axons that terminated on neuronal cell bodies but also may have been present in a restricted portion of the perikaryonal cytoplasm.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860302
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation of growth hormone- and prolactin-containing acidophils with peroxidase-labeled antibodySupported in part by USPHS research grants HD 03159-01A1 and HD 02193, and a grant from the University of Michigan Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 164 (1969), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to verify the concept that growth hormone and prolactin are contained in two different populations of acidophils, sections of Bouin-fixed rat hypophyses were stained immunochemically. For this purpose the histochemical demonstration of peroxidase was utilized after sequential application to the tissue section of rabbit antiserum to human growth hormone (or antiserum to rat prolactin) followed by application of peroxidase-labeled sheep antiserum to rabbit gamma-globulin. It was found that growth hormone cells and prolactin cells, when revealed immunochemically, corresponded structurally to cell types that could be differentiated with reasonable certainty in sections stained with the Masson trichrome procedure. When delineated immunochemically, growth hormone cells were larger and more densely arranged in the adult male than in the intact female; they exhibited little change in the female after ovariectomy. In contrast, prolactin cells were large and frequent in the female hypophysis but were small and less frequent in the male and in the female after ovariectomy. By double-staining, growth hormone and prolactin cells were differentiated in the same section. It was concluded that (a) growth hormone and prolactin are contained in, and presumably secreted by, two different populations of acidophils; and (b) the Masson procedure permits a reasonably accurate differentiation of the two cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091640204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical analysis of cells in the pars tuberalis of the rat hypophysis with antisera to hormones of the pars distalis (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 443-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Cytology ; Pars tuberalis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Luteinizing hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The objective was to acquire evidence regarding the secretory capacity of cells in the pars tuberalis of the rat pituitary by the application of immunocytochemical staining. For this purpose the conjugated antibody and immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge techniques were utilized with antisera to the following hormones of the pars distalis: human somatotropin, human thyrotropin, human β-melanotropin, ovine luteinizing hormone (LH), porcine β17–39-corticotropin, and β1–24-corticotropin. Only LH-containing cells were demonstrated. They were exceedingly rare in the cephalic pars tuberalis beneath the median eminence. The frequency of LH-cells was greater in the pars tuberalis associated with the infundibulum and increased distally. LH-cells were most common ventrolateral to the infundibular stem and occurred singly and in clusters. These results indicate that following hypophysectomy the portion of the pars tuberalis that remains in situ has the capacity to secrete only LH of all the pars distalis hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunocytochemical study of human pituitary mammotropes from fetal life to old ageSupported in part by a Research Grant HD-03159 from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 148 (1977), S. 217-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objectives were to (a) describe the cytology and distribution of mammotropes in the human pituitary gland, (b) determine whether the mammotrope is a distinctive secretory cell type and (c) ascertain when it first appears in the fetal hypophysis. Identification of mammotropes was based primarily on the Sternberger peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method used with an antiserum to human prolactin. Hypophyses from 25 male and 6 female adults, and 21 fetuses ranging in gestational age from 6 to 23 weeks were studied.In the adult two morphological forms of mammotropes were observed. Mammotrope I possessed a small perikaryon that commonly was located centrally in parenchymal cell cords. From the perikaryon long cytoplasmic processes extended toward neighboring capillaries. Mammotrope I reached its highest incidence in the posterolateral zones of the pars distalis. Mammotrope II possessed a larger perikaryon with short processes; cells of this form were fewer and occurred chiefly in the anteromedian zone. Mammotropes with intermediate morphological features that prevented classification into categories I or II were common in some hypophyses.Both forms of mammotropes were present prepuberally (one 6-week and one 9-year-old male) and in adult males and females. Mammotropes were only slightly more prominent in females than males. Regression of mammotropes was evident in old age. Mammotropes were distinctly different from somatotropes, corticotropes, gonadotropes and thyrotropes. In the fetal hypophysis mammotropes appeared first at 14 weeks of gestational age and remained few through 16.5 weeks. Their number increased greatly at 23 weeks.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001480204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thyrotropic cell of the rat hypophysis as studied with peroxidase-labeled antibodyThis investigation was supported in part by a grant, HD-03159-03, from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 131 (1971), S. 55-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Utilizing the peroxidase-labeled antibody procedure with anti-serum to human thyrotropin (anti-TSH), the thyrotropic cell was studied in the rat hypophysis with respect to its cytology, distribution, and reactivity to histochemical stains. The presumptive thyrotropic cells were polygonal and stained with aldehyde fuchsin and the periodic acid-Schiff procedure. They were usually located centrally in cell cords. In the pars distalis thyrotropic cells were most numerous in the centromedian area of the lateral lobes and beneath the pars intermedia, while being rare in the dorsocephalic region.Several steps were taken to verify the specificity of the immunochemical procedure. After absorption with either human or bovine thyrotropin, anti-TSH was completely ineffective; staining was almost completely prevented by prior absorption with either sheep or rat thyrotropin. Cytological alterations in thyrotropic cells generally paralleled the differences in pituitary thyrotropic content associated with sex, thyroid deficiency, thyroxine administration, and with rebound after cessation of treatment with propylthiouracil. Thyrotropic cells were differentiated from growth hormone, prolactin and corticotropic cells, as well as from presumptive luteinizing hormone cells, on the basis of shape, cytology, intraglandular distribution, and by immunochemical double-staining. In this study they were not distinguished from follicle-stimulating hormone cells which remain unidentified in this laboratory.Our observations confirm those of earlier investigators, who used histochemical methods for identification of the thyrotropic cell, with regard to its cytological features, intraglandular distribution and responsivity to altered levels of circulating thyroid hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001310104
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