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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, troglitazone, human adipocytes, Type II diabetes, obesity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Increased plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentrations are characteristic for subjects with insulin resistance and could contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in this state. In this study, we investigated the effect of troglitazone, a ligand of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ, on PAI-1 expression and secretion in human adipocytes.¶Methods. We used two models: in vitro differentiated subcutaneous and omental adipocytes cultured under serum-free conditions and isolated subcutaneous and omental fat cells kept in suspension culture. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein was measured by ELISA, PAI-1 mRNA by a semiquantitative RT-PCR technique.¶Results. Exposure of in vitro differentiated subcutaneous adipocytes from young normal-weight females to 1 μg/ml troglitazone for 72 h caused a reduction of both PAI-1 secretion (by 29 ± 5 %; p 〈 0.01) and PAI-1 mRNA expression (by 26 ± 3 %; p 〈 0.05). In cultures from severely obese subjects, troglitazone induced a decrease of PAI-1 antigen secretion from newly differentiated omental adipocytes by 49 ± 8 % (p 〈 0.01) and from subcutaneous adipocytes by 30 ± 7 % (p 〈 0.05). Exposure of freshly isolated subcutaneous and omental adipocytes in suspension culture to troglitazone induced a similar reduction of PAI-1 concentration in the culture medium (by 35 ± 11 %, p 〈 0.05. and 33 ± 8 %, p 〈 0.05 compared with control, respectively).¶Conclusion/interpretation. This study provides evidence that troglitazone reduces PAI-1 production in human adipocytes, probably at the transcriptional level. This observation could point to a new beneficial effect of troglitazone, particularly in obese subjects, which could be associated with a reduced cardiovascular risk. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 377–383]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Rheologic parameters ; Reference ranges ; Clinically healthy subjects ; Sex dependency ; Age dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine reference ranges for rheologic parameters (hematocrit, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, erythrocyte rigidity) a randomized study involving 653 subjects was carried out. Conditions of sampling, transportation and storing of blood specimens were established prior to the survey. Only 283 subjects met the criteria for enrollment in the study; the others were rejected because of inconspicuous history, normal findings in physical and Doppler-sonographic examination and absence of the risk factors hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight, rheumatic diseases, and smoking. The reference range for hematocrit was determined by an impedance-measuring device to equal 39–52% for males and 34–50% for females. The reference range for plasma viscosity, measured by a capillary-tube-plasma viscometer, was found to vary from 1.14 mPas to 1.34 mPas. The reference values for the standardized erythrocyte aggregation index was determined with the mini erythrocyte aggregometer to range from 8 to 21. Erythrocytes measured with the selecting-erythrocyte rigidometer showed a rigidity reference range between 0.83 and 1.19. Analysis of the results revealed that the parameters were independent of age (except in young children) and sex (with the exception of hematocrit).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 1770-1773 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We introduce and discuss a fractal model for dielectric breakdown which exhibits a breakdown voltage and a region of stable prebreakdown structures. The model provides a unifying picture covering homogeneous space charge injection, treelike structures, and filamentary breakdown. A simple qualitative relation between the global form of the pattern and two simple physical parameters is found. The model illustrates the intricate relationship between local stochastic and global deterministic aspects of dielectric instablilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 1614-1620 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We show that space-charge injection from a needle into a dielectric can be determined with a resolution of 10−15 °C, by using guarded needle electrodes and a charge compensating bridge circuit. The technique is applied to epoxy resin samples. A well-defined homogeneous space-charge cloud formation is observed in quantitative agreement with a field-limiting space-charge concept.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 1 (1962), S. 273-277 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science Letters 13 (1978), S. 15-20 
    ISSN: 0304-4211
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Amino acid sequence ; PCR ; PTS ; Peptide analysis ; cDNA sequence ; cEH
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 27 (1972), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 23 (1972), S. 1010-1010 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 25 (1969), S. 268-295 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Tragacanth ; Metabolic Products of Enterobacter ; Fetotoxic Effect ; Mouse ; Traganth ; Enterobacter-Stoffwechselprodukte ; Fetalschädigung ; Maus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1%iger wässriger Schleim aus persischem Traganth tötete im Gegensatz zu 1%igen wässrigen Suspensionen bzw. Schleimen aus Talkum, Gummi arabicum, Agar, Carrageen, Guar oder indischem Traganth bei NMRI- Mäusen nach 5 und auch nur Imaliger i.p., nicht aber nach Smaliger s.c. oder p.o. Applikation zwischen dem 11. und 15. Trächtigkeitstag alle Feten ab. Zwischen dem 4. und 8. Tag p.c. injiziert wirkte persischer Traganth-Schleim schwächer embryotoxisch. Die fetalschädigende Wirkung persischen Traganths bei Mäusen nach i.p.- Injektion wird nicht durch cytotoxische oder lokale entzündungserregende Effekte, sondern durch Stoffwechselprodukte von Bakterien der Gattung Enterobacter, die in den 7 persischen, nicht aber in den 2 indischen Traganth-Proben nachgewiesen wurden, verursacht. Bouillonkultur-Sterilfiltrate von E. coli, verschiedenen gram-positiven Bakterien und von Diplococcen beeinflußten dagegen die Fetalentwicklung nicht. Nach der einmaligen i.p. Injektion von 0,2; 0,1; 0,05 und 0,01 ml pro Tier eines Enterobacter-Bouillonkultur-Sterilfiltrates am 12. Tag p.c. nahm die Zahl der abgestorbenen Feten proportional zur applizierten Dosis ab, ohne daß vermehrte Miß-bildungen auftraten. Deshalb ist der embryo- bzw. fetotoxische Effekt von persischem Traganth, der auf einer Verunreinigung mit Enterobacterkeimen beruht, kein echter teratogener Effekt. Nach s.c.-Injektion wirkten Enterobaoter-Bouillonkultur-Sterilfiltrate nicht embryotoxisch. Deshalb dürfte die nach i.p.-Injektion beobachtete Störung der Fetalentwicklung durch eine direkte Wirkung auf den Uterus und sein Gefäßsystem bedingt sein. Es empfiehlt sich daher, Suspensionsmittel, die mit Bakterien der Gattung Enterobacter verunreinigt sein können, für die Prüfung von unlöslichen Substanzen auf teratogene Wirkung an der Maus mittels i.p. Injektion nicht zu verwenden. Außerdem sollten alle parenteral zu applizierenden Präparate, die eine Steigerung der Gefäßpermeabilität erzeugen, vasodilatatorisch oder vasokonstriktorisch wirken, bei der Prüfung auf teratogene Wirkung nicht i.p. sondern i.v., s.c. oder i.m. injiziert werden.
    Notes: Summary One per cent aqueous mucilage prepared from persian tragacanth caused the death of all fetuses of NMRI-mice when given between the 11th and 15th day of gestation as a series of 5 or even as a single intraperitoneal injection, yet not when applied 5 times subcutaneously or orally. In contrast, one per cent aqueous suspensions or mucilages prepared from talcum, gum arabicum, agar, carrageen, guar or gum Karaya had no lethal effects. When injected intraperitoneally between the 4th and 8th day of gestation, persian tragacanth showed a weaker embryotoxic effect. The fetaltoxic effect of persian tragacanth observed in mice after intraperitoneal injection does not rest upon either cytotoxic or local inflammatory effects, but rather is caused by the metabolic products from bacteria of the species enterobacter which were found in all 7 samples of persian tragacanth but not in the 2 indian (gum Karaya) samples. On the other hand, filtrates of broth cultures made sterile of E. coli, various gram-positive bacteria and of diplococci had no influence upon fetal development. Single intraperitoneal injections of 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01 ml per animal of a enterobacter-free broth culture filtrate given on the 12th day of gestation resulted in decreasing fetal death proportional to the doses applied, without the appearance of increased congenital malformations. Therefore the embryotoxic or fetaltoxic effect of persian tragacanth which rests upon contamination with enterobacter germs is not a real teratogenic effect. Enterobacter broth cultures made sterile by filtration revealed no embryotoxic effect following subcutaneous injection. The disturbances in fetal development observed after intraperitoneal injection of persian tragacanth thus appear to be due to a direct effect upon the uterus and its vascular system. It is therefore recommended that one avoid any suspension vehicle which might possible be contaminated with bacteria of the species enterobacter when testing insoluble substances for their teratogenic effect upon mice by way of intraperitoneal injection. Moreover, all compounds wich are to be applied parentally and are known to increase vascular permeability or have vasodilatatory or vasoconstricting effect should not be given by intraperitoneal injection but rather i.v., s.c. or i.m., when testing for teratogenic effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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