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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemical reviews 67 (1967), S. 73-106 
    ISSN: 1520-6890
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 27 (1962), S. 2252-2254 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Coronary occlusion ; epicardial mapping ; infarction size ; fibrinolysis ; Streptokinase ; fibrinogen degradation products ; Coronarocclusion ; epicardiales EKG ; Infarktgröße ; Fibrinolyse ; Streptokinase ; Fibrinogen-Spaltprodukte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 17 narkotisierten Hunden wurden mehrere Seitenäste des Ramus descendens der linken Kranzarterie unterbunden. Die ST-Segmentelevation im epikardial abgeleiteten EKG stieg dabei bis auf 22 mV nach 5 min und 19 mV nach 20 min an. Aortendruck, enddiastolischer Druck im linken Ventrikel, Herzfrequenz und die hämostasiologischen Parameter (Plasmathrombinzeit, Thrombinkoagulasezeit, Reptilasezeit, Plasmafibrinogen, Staphylokokken-Clumping-Test) änderten sich nicht. 20 min nach Beginn der Okklusion wurden die Gefäße geöffnet. Nachdem sich die St-Segmenthebung zurückgebildet hatte, wurde eine kontrollierte Fibrinolyse (Streptokinase 1,5 Mega I.E. in 30 min initial, Fortführung mit 0,75 Mega I.E./h) eingeleitet. Wenn die hämostasiologischen Parameter eine effektive Lyse anzeigten, wurden die gleichen Gefäße erneut unterbunden. Auch jetzt änderten sich die hämodynamischen Größen nicht wesentlich. Die ST-Segment-Elevation war jedoch signifikant um 50% geringer als nach einfacher Ligatur. Eine Kontrollgruppe, die nur das Lösungsmittel der Streptokinase erhielt, zeigte dagegen einen unveränderten Anstieg der ST-Streckenelevation. Die Wirkung der Streptokinase wird auf das Auftreten von Fibrinogen-Spaltprodukten und die Senkung des Fibrinogenspiegels zurückgeführt, die eine Verbesserung der Mikrozirkulation hervorrufen.
    Notes: Summary In 17 unaesthetized dogs several side branches of the left descending coronary artery were ligated. The ST-segment elevation in the epicardial ECG ascended to 22 mV after 5 min and to 19 mV after 20 min. Aortic pressure, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure, heart rate and hemostasiological parameters (thrombin-time, thrombin-coagulase-time, reptilase-time, plasma-fibrinogen, staphylococcal clumping test) did not change significantly. 20 min after the beginning of coronary occlusion, the vessels were reopened. When ST-segment elevation had disappeared, a controlled fibrinolytic therapy (Streptokinase 1.5 Mega I.E. in 30 min, later on 0.75 Mega I.E./h) was induced. When an effective fibrinolysis could be demonstrated by the hemostasiological parameters, the same vessels were occluded again. Now the hemodynamic parameters too did not change significantly, but the ST-segment elevation was significantly diminished for more than 50% compared with simple ligation. A control group, which only got the solvent of the streptokinase, showed the same ST-segment elevation. This effect, induced by streptokinase is ascribed to fibrinogen degradation products and a diminution in the amount of fibrinogen which cause an improvement of microcirculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: BRL 26921 ; Acute myocardial infarction ; Streptokinase-plasminogen activator activity ; Hypotensive effects ; Systemic effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The thrombolytic properties of anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (BRL 26921) and clinical results of the treatment were studied in 10 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction. Exclusion criteria were general contraindications against thrombolytic therapy and a time interval of more than 4 h between the onset of symptoms and admission to the hospital. All patients received a 250-mg bolus of prednisolone prior to intravenous injection of 30 mg BRL 26921 within 2 min. A continuous infusion of heparin at a dose of 1,000 USPU/h was started 2 h after the injection. Blood pressure was monitored via an arterial line. Arrhythmias and changes in the ST segments were documented by conventional ECG recording and computerbased ECG monitoring. Coronary arteriography and left ventriculography were carried out within 72 h. Besides routine laboratory tests, serial CK and CK-MB activity measurements were carried out. We determined the following hemostaseological parameters before and 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 4 h, and 12 h after application of BRL 26921: prothrombin time, activated partial thrombosplastin time, thrombin time, thrombin coagulase time, fibrinogen, streptokinaseplasminogen activator activity, plasminogen and alpha-2-antiplasmin. Our results (reperfusion in all patients angiographically and in 7 to 8 of 10 patients from noninvasive criteria) show that BRL 26921 is a highly effective thrombolytic agent in patients with myocardial infarction, when compared with highdose systemic fibrinolysis. Applied in dosages required for early reperfusion, it does not appear to be selectively thrombolytic and is not free of hypotensive effects in man. The decrease of fibrinolytic activity is biphasic with a half-disappearance time of 112 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thrombosis ; Superior Mesenteric artery ; Urokinase ; Intraarterial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 56 year old man presented with increasing abdominal pain. He suffered from arterial occlusive disease with occlusion of the right A. iliaca communis. Angiography revealed partial thrombotic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. Urokinase (UK) at a dose of 150 IU/kg × minutes and heparin (1,000 U/h) was infused through the 7F angiographic catheter for 180 minutes. After 70 min of treatment, angiography showed improvement, and after 120 min the thrombus was nearly completely lysed. A stenosis of approximately 50% was still present after 180 min. Two hours after treatment the patient was pain free without analgesics. laboratory studies showed systemic fibrinogenolysis, but fibrinogen was still within the upper normal range. Only slight systemic fibrinolytic activity (〈5 IU UK/ml) could be determined. However, α2-antiplasmin was depleted. The catheter was drawn 15 h after thrombolysis without bleeding. While under concurrent heparin and phenprocoumon therapy, the patient developed an infected gluteal hematoma as a result of i.m. injections prior to this treatment. A repeat angiography approximately one month after thrombolysis revealed further improvement and patency. The patient is well and free of abdominal angina and under oral anticoagulant therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Rheologic parameters ; Reference ranges ; Clinically healthy subjects ; Sex dependency ; Age dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine reference ranges for rheologic parameters (hematocrit, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, erythrocyte rigidity) a randomized study involving 653 subjects was carried out. Conditions of sampling, transportation and storing of blood specimens were established prior to the survey. Only 283 subjects met the criteria for enrollment in the study; the others were rejected because of inconspicuous history, normal findings in physical and Doppler-sonographic examination and absence of the risk factors hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight, rheumatic diseases, and smoking. The reference range for hematocrit was determined by an impedance-measuring device to equal 39–52% for males and 34–50% for females. The reference range for plasma viscosity, measured by a capillary-tube-plasma viscometer, was found to vary from 1.14 mPas to 1.34 mPas. The reference values for the standardized erythrocyte aggregation index was determined with the mini erythrocyte aggregometer to range from 8 to 21. Erythrocytes measured with the selecting-erythrocyte rigidometer showed a rigidity reference range between 0.83 and 1.19. Analysis of the results revealed that the parameters were independent of age (except in young children) and sex (with the exception of hematocrit).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. In citrated whole blood, we find an increase of screen filtration pressure and an increase in the activity of the platelet agglutinating factor directly proportional to storage time. 2. There resulted no increase in the screen filtration pressure or platelet agglutinating factor in the peripheral venous blood of the recipient after transfusion of one or two bottles of whole citrated blood, which had a high screen filtration pressure. 3. Clinically, we found no indication of a blood circulation disturbance in the lungs of the recipient after such a transfusion. 4. Due to the lack of present data, we feel it is too early to make any practical conclusions concerning this relationship between blood transfusion and blood preservation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. In Blutkonserven kommt es in Abhängigkeit von der Lagerungszeit zu einem Anstieg des Siebungsdruckes und der Aktivität des plättchenagglutinierenden Faktors. 2. Wir konnten keine Zunahme des Siebungsdruckes und des plättchenagglutinierenden Faktors im Empfängerkreislauf nach der Transfusion von ein bis zwei Blutkonserven mit hohem Siebungsdruck beobachten. 3. Klinisch fanden sich keine Hinweise für Zirkulationsstörungen in der Lungenstrombahn. 4. Es scheint uns deshalb verfrüht, aus den bisher vorliegenden Ergebnissen praktische Konsequenzen für die Blutkonservierung bzw. Bluttransfusion zu ziehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin ; Hemophilia A ; Von Willebrand's disease ; F XII deficiency ; Cost effectiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one patients suffering from mild von Willebrand's disease (vWd) and patients suffering from mild or moderate hemophilia A received 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) (Minirin®, Ferring AG) s.c. at a dose of 0.4 µg/kg body weight. Additionally, two hemophiliacs and 22 patients with vWd received DDAVP i.v. Within the observation period of 3 h Factor (F) VIII:C levels increased 2.4 × baseline levels in hemophiliacs, and the maximal effect was observed 3 h post DDAVP s.c. In patients with vWd post DDAVP s.c. (i.v.) a 2.7 (3.4), 2.1 (1.9) and 2.2 (2.8) fold increase for F VIII: C, F VIIIR:Ag and F VIII:Rcof was observed. In eight patients suffering from vWd with additional F XII deficiency a small and transitory but significant increase of F XII levels was detected post DDAVP s.c. No local or systemic side effects were observed. In five patients with vWd tooth extractions were performed without bleeding complications under DDAVP s.c. treatment. Two patients practiced self-treatment by injecting the drug s.c. at home. We thus conclude that s.c. DDAVP is an effective, reliable, and cost-reducing form of treatment that does not bring with it the risk of transmitting infectious diseases in patients with vWd and hemophilia and that can be administered at home.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Plasmapheresis ; Peripheral arterial occlusive disease ; Hydroxyethyl starch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical effect of bag-plasmapheresis was investigated in 60 patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease stage II according to Fontaine. The initial number of patients was subdivided in three groups of 20 individuals using a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled design. Each patient gave 300 ml of blood twice a week for a 6 week duration. Blood plasma was separated in two groups and replaced with Hydroxyethylstarch (200/0.5 10%) in group 1 and with Laevulose 5% in group 2. Patients in group 3 received their whole blood without any processing. All patients had to undergo a physical training of 45 minutes three times a week. The group who received Hydroxyethylstarch presented a 20% increase in walking distance whereas the increase in the Laevulose group was 5% and approximately 1% in the group receiving whole blood. The increase in walking distance in the Hydroxyethylstarchgroup was significant on the 0.1%-level and significantly better than the improvement in walking distance of the other groups. Additionally in this group plasma viscosity showed a 3% decrease, erythrocyte aggregation was reduced by 10%. Results in the Laevulose group were only half as good as in the Hydroxyethylstarch group while parameters remained unchanged in the whole-blood-group. Bag plasmapheresis with Hydroxyethylstarch as substitute leads to an improvement in the walking capacity and blood fluidity thus offering a promising therapy for peripheral vascular occlusive disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Garlic ; Platelet aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A platelet-inhibiting effect is described for garlic. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study on 60 voluntary subjects with cerebrovascular risk factors and constantly increased platelet aggregation it was demonstrated that the daily ingestion of 800 mg of powdered garlic (in the form of coated tablets) over 4 weeks led to a significant inhibition of the pathologically increased ratio of circulating platelet aggregates and of spontaneous platelet aggregation. The ratio of circulating platelet aggregates decreased by 10.3%, from 1.17±0.08 to 1.05±0.11 (P〈0.01), and spontaneous platelet aggregation by 56.3%, from 40.7±23.3 to 17.8±23.2 degrees (P〈0.01) during the garlic phase. There were no significant changes in the placebo group. The parallel group comparison (garlic versus placebo) revealed a significantly different ratio of circulating platelet aggregates after 4 weeks of treatment (P〈0.05). After the 4-week wash-out phase the values increased again to 1.19±0.32 and 34.9±28.7°, reaching the initial values (run-in phase prior to the ingestion of garlic). Since garlic is well tolerated it would be worth testing it in a controlled clinical trial for usefulness in preventing disease manifestations associated with platelet aggregation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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