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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 2 (1966), S. 195-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les activités de laβ-Glucuronidase dans le sérum ainsi que dans les tissus hépatiques et rénaux chez les rats alloxanement diabétiques ont été mesurées. Les résultats suivants ont été obtenus. — 1. Laβ-Glucuronidase dans le sérum durant la décompensation métabolique diabétique est grandement augmentée, alors une activité tout au plus 10 fois supérieure à celle du groupe de contrôle (environ 530γ/100 ml hre) a été enregistrée. — 2. Les animaux diabétiques montrent leur augmentation des activités de laβ-Glucuronidase dans le sérum par une polyurie assez prononcée. Des relations entre l'activité du sérum et l'importance de la concentration en sucre, compte tenu de l'excrétion du sucre dans l'urine, ne peuvent être reconnues dans les résultats disponibles. — 3. Chez la moitié des animaux diabétiques, les activités de laβ-Glucuronidase dans les tissus hépatiques et rénaux étaient diminuées, alors que les activités chez le reste des animaux examinés coïncidaient avec la moyenne des valeurs obtenues chez le groupe de contrôle.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Bei alloxan-diabetischen Ratten wurden dieβ-Glucuronidase-Aktivitäten des Serums sowie des Leber- und Nierengewebes bestimmt. Hierbei ergaben sich folgende Befunde: — 1. Die Serum-β-Glucuronidase ist im Zustand der diabetischen Stoffwechseldekompensation stark erhöht, wobei maximal eine nahezu zehnfach höhere Aktivität als bei der Kontrollgruppe (ca. 530γ/100 ml Std) gemessen wurde. — 2. Besonders hohe Serum-β-Glucuronidase-Aktivitäten wiesen die diabetischen Tiere mit hochgradiger Polyurie auf. Beziehungen zwischen der Serum-Aktivität und der Höhe der Blutzuckerkonzentration resp. Harnzuckerausscheidung ließen sich aus den vorliegenden Ergebnissen nicht erkennen. — 3. Bei der Hälfte der diabetischen Tiere waren dieβ-Glucuronidase-Aktivitäten des Leber- und Nierengewebes erniedrigt, während die Aktivitäten bei den übrigen Versuchstieren den Durchschnittswerten der Kontrollgruppe entsprachen.
    Notes: Summary Theβ-Glucuronidase activities in the serum as well as in liver and kidney tissues were estimated. The following results were obtained. — 1. The serum β-Glucuronidase during diabetic metabolic decompensation was very high, where an increase of activity of approximately 10 times the one of the control group (around 530γ/ 100 ml p·hr.) was measured. — 2. The diabetic animals showed their outstandingly high serumβ-Glucuronidase activities through pronounced polyurea. Relations between serum activity and high blood sugar concentration in respect to urine sugar excretion could not be ascertained in the results on hand. — 3. In half the diabetic animals, theβ-Glucuronidase activities of hepatic and renal tissues were low, whilst the activities in the rest of the animals tested coincided with the mean values of the control group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Islets of Langerhans ; glucose ; tolbutamide ; [Ca2+]i-oscillations ; insulin secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma insulin levels in healthy subjects oscillate and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients display an irregular pattern of such oscillations. Since an increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the pancreatic beta cell is the major stimulus for insulin release, this study was undertaken to investigate the dynamics of electrical activity, [Ca2+]i-changes and insulin release, in stimulated islets from subjects of varying glucose tolerance. In four patients it was possible to investigate more than one of these three parameters. Stimulation of pancreatic islets with glucose and tolbutamide sometimes resulted in the appearance of oscillations in [Ca2+]i, lasting 2–3 min. Such oscillations were observed even in some islets from patients with impaired glucose tolerance. In one islet from a diabetic patient there was no response to glucose, whereas that islet displayed [Ca2+]i-oscillations in response to tolbutamide, suggesting that sulphonylurea treatment can mimic the complex pattern of glucose-induced [Ca2+]i-oscillations. We also, for the first time, made patch-clamp recordings of membrane currents in beta-cells in situ in the islet. Stimulation with glucose and tolbutamide resulted in depolarization and appearance of action potentials. The islet preparations responded to stimulation with a number of different secretagogues with release of insulin. The present study shows that human islets can respond to stimulation with glucose and sulphonylurea with oscillations in [Ca2+]i, which is the signal probably underlying the oscillations in plasma insulin levels observed in healthy subjects. Interestingly, even subjects with impaired glucose tolerance had islets that responded with oscillations in [Ca2+]i upon glucose stimulation, although it is not known to what extent the response of these islets was representative of most islets in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Islets of Langerhans ; glucose ; tolbutamide ; [Ca2 + ]i-oscillations ; insulin secretion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma insulin levels in healthy subjects oscillate and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients display an irregular pattern of such oscillations. Since an increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2 + concentration ([Ca2 + ]i) in the pancreatic beta cell is the major stimulus for insulin release, this study was undertaken to investigate the dynamics of electrical activity, [Ca2 + ]i-changes and insulin release, in stimulated islets from subjects of varying glucose tolerance. In four patients it was possible to investigate more than one of these three parameters. Stimulation of pancreatic islets with glucose and tolbutamide sometimes resulted in the appearance of oscillations in [Ca2 + ]i, lasting 2–3 min. Such oscillations were observed even in some islets from patients with impaired glucose tolerance. In one islet from a diabetic patient there was no response to glucose, whereas that islet displayed [Ca2 + ]i-oscillations in response to tolbutamide, suggesting that sulphonylurea treatment can mimic the complex pattern of glucose-induced [Ca2 + ]i-oscillations. We also, for the first time, made patch-clamp recordings of membrane currents in beta-cells in situ in the islet. Stimulation with glucose and tolbutamide resulted in depolarization and appearance of action potentials. The islet preparations responded to stimulation with a number of different secretagogues with release of insulin. The present study shows that human islets can respond to stimulation with glucose and sulphonylurea with oscillations in [Ca2 + ]i, which is the signal probably underlying the oscillations in plasma insulin levels observed in healthy subjects. Interestingly, even subjects with impaired glucose tolerance had islets that responded with oscillations in [Ca2 + ]i upon glucose stimulation, although it is not known to what extent the response of these islets was representative of most islets in these patients. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 1121–1131]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Before, during and after the withdrawal of one blood conserve, different psycho-physical criteria were observed, registered and evaluated in 60 test persons. Besides a few exceptions could the d-2-test afterBrickenkamp, the polarity profile test, the examination with the improved mechanical writing scales, the registration of blood pressure, the pulse rate, EEG and ECG, the measuring reaction and the anamnestic dates, the records during the experiments, questionnaires and meteorologic dates not prove any danger for the donor. The described experiments showed, however, partly in agreement to the literature, that there are practical aspects, which should be considered within the modern blood donation system. We have taken reference to these particular in details.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 60 Versuchspersonen wurden verschiedene psycho-physische Kriterien vor, während und nach der Entnahme einer Blutkonserve beobachtet, registriert und ausgewertet. An Hand des d-2-Testes nachBrickenkamp, des Polaritätsprofiltests, der Untersuchungen mit der verfeinerten mechanischen Schreibwaage, der Registrierung von Blutdruck, Pulsfrequenz, EEG und EKG, von Reaktionszeitmessungen und von anamnestischen Angaben, Aufzeichnungen während der Versuche, Fragebögen und meteorologischen Daten ließ sich bis auf wenige Ausnahmen nicht nachweisen, daß die einmalige Blutspende eine Gefährdung für den Spender bedeutet. Die geschilderten Untersuchungen ergaben jedoch, teilweise in Übereinstimmung mit der Literatur, praktische Gesichtspunkte, die im Rahmen eines modernen Blutspendewesens berücksichtigt werden sollten. Hierauf wird im einzelnen verwiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 1210-1218 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lactate-Pyruvate formation ; femoral occlusion ; physical training ; anaerobic metabolism ; Lactat- und Pyruvatverhalten ; Femoralisokklusion ; Trainingseffekte ; Anaerober Metabolismus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 16 Kranken mit einem einseitig lokalisierten Femoralisverschluß im Stadium II und bei 5 Personen mit normal durchbluteten Extremitäten wurde das Verhalten von Lactat und Pyruvat sowie des Lactat-Pyruvat-Quotienten und des Exzeß-Lactats vor, während und nach Belastung im femoralvenösen Blut vor und nach einem gezielten Training vorwiegend der Unterschenkelmuskulatur über einen Zeitraum von 4–6 Wochen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine Senkung von Lactat und Pyruvat sowie des Lactat-Pyruvat-Quotienten und des Exzeß-Lactats, die teilweise, vor allem im Lactatverlauf, statistisch signifikant sind Ausgangswert vor Training ( $$\bar x$$ ) 0,93, nach Training ( $$\bar x$$ ) 0,85 mMol/l (p〈0,05). Während Belastung, dem Höhepunkt der Schmerzen: $$\bar x$$ vor 1,62 mMol/l, nach Training 1,49 mMol/l (p〈0,05). Nach Arbeit; 1 min: 2,09 bzw. 1,79 mMol/l (p〈0,05); nach 2,5 min: 2,10 bzw. 1,72 mMol/l (p〈0,05); nach 5 min: 1,71 bzw. 1,41 mMol/l (p〈0,01); nach 10 min: 1,38 bzw. 1,18 mMol/l (p〈0,05); nach 20 min: 1,11 bzw. 1,05 mMol/l (p〉0,05); nach 30 min: 0,91 bzw. 0,90 mMol/l (p〉0,05). Die Kontrollgruppe zeigte keine signifikanten Änderungen im Lactatverlauf. Die Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, daß sich Trainingseffekte auf metabolischer Ebene auch bei limitierter Muskeldurchblutung im Stadium II nachweisen lassen. Die Faktoren, die möglicherweise oder nachgewiesenermaßen unter diesen Bedingungen bei der muskulären Energiebereitstellung durch Training günstig zu beeinflussen sind, werden ausführlich diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary 16 patients with unilateral femoral occlusion of stage II and 5 healthy subjects with normal blood flow in the extremities were subjected to physical interval training for a period of 4–6 weeks, predominantly directed to the muscles of the lower legs. Before, during and after exercise the behaviour of lactate and pyruvate, the lactate and pyruvate quotient and the excess lactate of the femoral venous blood were measured. In the patients with peripheral vascular diseases the individual physical strain was continued until claudication pain occurred. There was a clear decrease of lactate and pyruvate, of the lactate-pyruvate quotient and of excess lactate after physical training, which, in part, was above all statistically significant for lactate: the initial mean values of lactate before and after the training program were: 0.93/0.85 mM/L (p〈0.05). During the load-culminating point of pain: before and after training 1.62/1.49 mM/L (p〈0.05); after work 1 min (mean values) 2.09/1.79 mM/L (p〈0.05), 2 min 2.10/1.72 mM/L (p〈0.05), 5 min 1.71/1.41 mM/L (p〈0.01), 10 min 1.38/1.18 mM/L (p〈0.05), 20 min 1.11/1.05 mM/L (p〉0.05), 30 min 0.91/0.90 mM/L (p〉0.05). The results suggest that effects of physical training can also be demonstrated in the metabolic field in patients with limited muscle blood flow in stage II. The factors available for muscular energy, i.g. for energy requirement and energy release which can possibly or demonstrably be influenced by training are discussed extensively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thrombosis ; Superior Mesenteric artery ; Urokinase ; Intraarterial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 56 year old man presented with increasing abdominal pain. He suffered from arterial occlusive disease with occlusion of the right A. iliaca communis. Angiography revealed partial thrombotic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. Urokinase (UK) at a dose of 150 IU/kg × minutes and heparin (1,000 U/h) was infused through the 7F angiographic catheter for 180 minutes. After 70 min of treatment, angiography showed improvement, and after 120 min the thrombus was nearly completely lysed. A stenosis of approximately 50% was still present after 180 min. Two hours after treatment the patient was pain free without analgesics. laboratory studies showed systemic fibrinogenolysis, but fibrinogen was still within the upper normal range. Only slight systemic fibrinolytic activity (〈5 IU UK/ml) could be determined. However, α2-antiplasmin was depleted. The catheter was drawn 15 h after thrombolysis without bleeding. While under concurrent heparin and phenprocoumon therapy, the patient developed an infected gluteal hematoma as a result of i.m. injections prior to this treatment. A repeat angiography approximately one month after thrombolysis revealed further improvement and patency. The patient is well and free of abdominal angina and under oral anticoagulant therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Peripheral vascular disease ; Mediasclerosis ; Peak flow velocity ; Doppler ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seventy-five diabetic and 40 nondiabetic subjects who where suffering from peripheral vascular disease were studied in order to determine whether the degree of the severity of their disease can be better calculated by Doppler ultrasound examinations of the peak velocity than by the systolic pressure of the peripheral bloodstream. In 46 examinations of normal controls the mean value of the peak velocity was 13.3±3.3 cm/s with a standard deviation of 15.4%±13.2% on one day and 16.1%±15.9% on different days. Considering patients with or without diabetes mellitus the velocity was significantly decreased in correlation to an increasing degree of severity of the vascular disease (P〈0.001); however, the decrease was lower in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects (6.9±2.8 vs 4.6±6.2,P〈0.05). The systolic pressure hardly decreased, but remained higher in all stages of peripheral vascular disease of diabetics than in the nondiabetic subject (P〈0.05 toP〈0.005). There was a significant decrease of the systolic pressure only in diabetic subjects with the most advanced degree of the disease, i.e. stage IV (P〈0.05). It is concluded from this study that Doppler ultrasound measurements of the peak velocity of the peripheral bloodstream are a useful parameter to calculate the degree of severity of the peripheral vascular disease. In addition, it is concluded than peak velocity is an even better prognostic indicator of peripheral vascular disease than is measurement of the systolic blood pressure at the feet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 1153-1161 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hämorheologie ; Hämodilution ; arterielle Verschlußerkrankung ; Hemorheology ; Hemodilution ; Arterial occlusive disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 25 patients with arterial occlusive disease in the clinical stage IV according to Fontaine a hemodilution down to an average hematocrit value of 0.31±0.02 was performed. Eighteen patients had peripheral ulcers of the lower limbs and 3 patients had ulcers of the upper ones. Four patients had tissular lesions both at the level of the feet and toes and hand and fingers. The average age of the patients was 43. Hemodilution was achieved by repeated withdrawals of approx. 500 ml blood, followed by reinfusion of the autologous plasma associated with infusion of substitutive solutions of low-molecular weight dextran to avoid hypovolemia. In all patients with peripheral ulcers of the upper limbs, with no exception, a good to a very good clinical effect was obtained ranging from an extended to complete healing. The healing tendency of lesions in the feet and toe region was on the whole less marked and depended basically on the total number of vascular impediments found in one patient. The rheological and hemodynamic mechanism of the therapeutic effect of hemodilution, the preliminary criteria for indicating this therapy and its observed complications are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei bisher 25 Patienten mit einer arteriellen Verschlußerkrankung im klinischen Stadium IV nach Fontaine wurde eine Hämodilution bis zu einem mittleren Hämatokritwert von 0,31±0,02 vorgenommen. 18 Patienten litten an peripheren Ulcera der unteren, 3 Patienten an solchen der oberen Extremitäten. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Gewebsläsionen sowohl der Füße und Zehen als auch der Hände und Finger. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 43 Jahre. Die Hämodilution wurde durch mehrfache Vollblutentnahmen von ca. 500 ml mit anschließender Reinfusion des autologen Plasmas und substituierender Infusion niedermolekularen Dextrans erreicht. Eine Hypovolämie wurde somit vermieden. Im Falle peripherer Ulcera der oberen Extremitäten kam es ausnahmslos zu einem guten bis sehr guten klinischen Effekt mit weitestgehender bis vollständiger Abheilung. Die Heilungstendenz der im Fuß- und Zehenbereich gelegenen Läsionen war im ganzen weniger deutlich ausgeprägt und hing im wesentlichen von der intraindividuellen Häufung mehrerer Strombahnhindernisse ab. Die rheologischen und hämodynamischen Mechanismen, die vorläufige Indikationsstellung sowie aufgetretene Komplikationen werden diskutiert.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin ; Hemophilia A ; Von Willebrand's disease ; F XII deficiency ; Cost effectiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one patients suffering from mild von Willebrand's disease (vWd) and patients suffering from mild or moderate hemophilia A received 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) (Minirin®, Ferring AG) s.c. at a dose of 0.4 µg/kg body weight. Additionally, two hemophiliacs and 22 patients with vWd received DDAVP i.v. Within the observation period of 3 h Factor (F) VIII:C levels increased 2.4 × baseline levels in hemophiliacs, and the maximal effect was observed 3 h post DDAVP s.c. In patients with vWd post DDAVP s.c. (i.v.) a 2.7 (3.4), 2.1 (1.9) and 2.2 (2.8) fold increase for F VIII: C, F VIIIR:Ag and F VIII:Rcof was observed. In eight patients suffering from vWd with additional F XII deficiency a small and transitory but significant increase of F XII levels was detected post DDAVP s.c. No local or systemic side effects were observed. In five patients with vWd tooth extractions were performed without bleeding complications under DDAVP s.c. treatment. Two patients practiced self-treatment by injecting the drug s.c. at home. We thus conclude that s.c. DDAVP is an effective, reliable, and cost-reducing form of treatment that does not bring with it the risk of transmitting infectious diseases in patients with vWd and hemophilia and that can be administered at home.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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