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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ polymerization preparation of blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 3463-3468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) was studied. The PMMA/SAN in situ polymerization blends obtained were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The blends with compositions of 95/5, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40 in weight ratios were miscible and had a single phase structure. However, the 90/10 PMMA/SAN in situ polymerization blend obtained was inhomogeneous and had a two-phase structure; polymerization-induced phase separation occurred during the preparation process of the blend. Both tensile strength and elongation at break increase with increasing SAN content up to 30 wt%. The degradation temperature and thermal stability of PMMA increased remarkably on incorporation of SAN up to 30 wt%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018633003127
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase behaviour, mechanical properties and thermal stability of thermosetting polymer blends of unsaturated polyester resin and poly(ethylene oxide) (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The results of dynamic mechanical analysis reveal that crosslinked polyester resin (PER)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blends show a composition dependent glass transition temperature, Tg, which suggests that the blends studied are homogeneous in the amorphous state. The initial dynamic storage modulus, E', decreases with increasing PEO content up to 30 wt% in the blends, whereas E for both the 60/40 and 40/60 PER/PEO blends is close to that for the 80/20 PER/PEO blend and much larger than that for the 70/30 PER/PEO blend. The addition of crystalline PEO has a remarkable effect on the mechanical properties of crosslinked PER. Tensile testing shows that the elongation at break first increases greatly and then decreases slightly, whereas the Young's modulus and the tensile strength first decrease and then increase slightly with increasing PEO content in the blends. The variation of tensile properties was considered to be due to both the plasticization effect and the crystallization effect of PEO in the blends. The impact strength remains almost unchanged with increasing PEO content in the blends studied. No dramatic decrease of thermal stability for PER/PEO blends was observed for the blends with PEO content up to 30 wt%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004486129169
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscibility, morphology and fracture toughness of tetrafunctional epoxy resin/poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) blends (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 5613-5619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) was found to be miscible with the tetraglycidylether of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM), as shown by the existence of a single glass transition temperature (T g) over the whole composition range. However, SAN was found to be immiscible with the 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM)-cured TGDDM. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) shows that the DDM-cured TGDDM/SAN blends have two T gs. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study revealed that all the DDM-cured TGDDM/SAN blends have a two-phase structure. The fracture toughness K IC of the blends increased with SAN content and showed a maximum at 10 wt% SAN content, followed by a dramatic decrease for the cured blends containing 15 wt% SAN or more. The SEM investigation of the K IC fracture surfaces indicated that the toughening effect of the SAN-modified epoxy resin was greatly dependent on the morphological structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004824628535
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(N-phenyl-2-hydroxytrimethylene amine): Its blends with poly(∊-caprolactone) and water-soluble polyethers (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(N-phenyl-2-hydroxytrimethylene amine) ; poly(∊-caprolactone) ; poly-(ethylene oxide) ; poly(vinyl methyl ether) ; polymer miscibility ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new polymer with pendant hydroxyl groups, namely, poly(N-phenyl-2-hydroxytrime-thylene amine) (PHA), was synthesized by a direct condensation polymerization of aniline and epichlorohydrin in an alkaline medium. The new polymer is amorphous with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 70°C. Blends of PHA with poly(∊-caprolactone) (PCL), as well as with two water-soluble polyethers, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME), were prepared by casting from a common solvent. It was found that all the three blends were miscible and showed a single, composition dependent glass transition temperature (Tg). FTIR studies revealed that PHA can form hydrogen bonds with PCL, PEO, and PVME, which are driving forces for the miscibility of the blends. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermosetting polymer blends of unsaturated polyester resin and poly(ethylene oxide). I. Miscibility and thermal properties (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3161-3168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: unsaturated polyester resin ; poly(ethylene oxide) ; polymer blend ; polymer miscibility ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The miscibility and thermal properties of polyethylene oxide(PEO)/oligoester resin (OER) blends and PEO/crosslinked polyester (PER) blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of quenching process on the crystallization behavior of PEO for these two systems were investigated and discussed in details. It has been found that a single, composition dependent glass transition temperature (Tg) was observed for all the blends, indicating that the two systems are miscible in the amorphous state at overall compositions. From the melting point depression of PEO, the interaction parameter χ12 for PEO/OER blends and that for PEO/PER blends were found to be -1.29 and -2.01, respectively. The negative values of χ12 confirmed that both PEO/OER blends and PEO/PER blends are miscible in the molten state. Quenching process has a greater hindrance on the crystallization of PEO/OER blends than on that of PEO/PER blends. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3161-3168, 1997
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermosetting polymer blends of unsaturated polyester resin and poly(ethylene oxide). II. Hydrogen-bonding interaction, crystallization kinetics, and morphology (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3169-3179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: unsaturated polyester resin ; poly(ethylene oxide) ; hydrogen-bonding interaction ; polymer blend ; polymer morphology ; crystallization kinetics ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrogen-bonding interaction between the two components of the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/oligoester (OER) blends and the PEO/crosslinked unsaturated polyester resin (PER) blends was found to be an important driving force to the miscibility of these polymer blends. Its strength is approximately as strong as the self-association of hydroxyl groups in either the pure OER or the pure PER. The crystallization kinetics and morphology of PEO in PEO/PER blends was remarkably affected by crosslinking. It was found that the overall crystallization rate of PEO in PEO/PER blends is larger than that in PEO/OER blends at the crystallization temperature investigated, which was considered to be the result of nucleation controlling mechanism. With decreasing PEO content, the regular shape of PEO spherulites turns irregular in PEO/OER blends, whereas in PEO/PER blends, the birefrigent spherulites turns into dendritic structures. Raising the crystallization temperature favors the formation of dendritic textures in PEO/PER blends. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3169-3179, 1997
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A DSC study of miscibility and phase separation in crystalline polymer blends of phenolphthalein poly(ether ether sulfone) and poly(ethylene oxide) (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 1383-1392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: phenolphthalein poly(ether ether sulfone) ; poly(ethylene oxide) ; semicrystalline polymer blends ; miscibility ; phase separation ; thermal properties ; LCST behavior ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The miscibility of blends of phenolphthalein poly(ether ether sulfone) (PES-C) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was established on the basis of the thermal analysis results. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies showed that the PES-C/PEO blends prepared by casting from N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) possessed a single, composition-dependent glass transition temperature (Tg), and thus that PES-C and PEO are miscible in the amorphous state at all compositions at lower temperature. At higher temperature, the blends underwent phase separation, and the PES-C/PEO blend system was found to display a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. The phase separation process in the blends has also been investigated by using DSC. Annealed at high temperatures, the PES-C/PEO blends exhibited significant changes of thermal properties, such as the enthalpy of crystallization and fusion, temperatures of crystallization and melting, depending on blend composition when phase separation occurred. These changes reflect different characteristics of phase structure in the blends, and were taken as probes to determine phase boundary. From both the thermal analysis and optical microscopy, the phase diagram of the blend system was established. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1383-1392, 1997
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and structure of organosilicon polymer-modified epoxy resins (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196 (1995), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An epoxy-terminated organosilicon polymer (denoted as ETOP) was used as modifier to blend with bisphenol A type epoxy resins. For uncured epoxy resins/ETOP blends, the miscibility is mainly the contribution of entropy. The phase boundary was investigated. The turbidity points were determined on the basis of optical microscopic observation. While the aromatic amine curing agents were added to the systems, curing at higher temperature, an obvious phase separation between cured bisphenol A type epoxy resins (DGEBA) and ETOP was observed. The structure of the resulting cured products was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical property analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is the very elastomeric phase (0,1-5 μm) that enhances the toughness of epoxy resins. Another significant phenomenon is that the crosslinked epoxy-rich phase (matrix) possesses a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) than pure epoxy resins cured with an aromatic amine, particularly at a higher content of ETOP. This may be considered as participation of epoxide groups on ETOP molecules in the crosslinking reaction of matrix and enhancing the crosslinking density of the matrix (i.e., increasing the Tgs). The results provide ones a larger choice to improve the toughness of the epoxy resin without loss of substantial modulus and thermal resistance.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021960118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examination of miscibility at molecular level of poly(hydroxyether of bisphenol A)/poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) blends by cross-polarization/magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 2291-2300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(hydroxyether of bisphenol A) ; poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) ; polymer miscibility ; polymer blend ; solid-state (NMR) ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The miscibility of poly(hydroxyether of bisphenol A) (phenoxy) and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The DSC studies showed that the phenoxy/PVP blends have a single, composition-dependent glass transition temperature (Tg). The S-shaped Tg-composition curve of the phenoxy/PVP blends was reported, which is indicative of the strong intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions. To examine the miscibility of the system at molecular level, high-resolution solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique was employed. Upon adding phenoxy to system, the chemical shift of carbonyl carbon resonance of PVP was observed to shift downfield by 1.6 ppm in the 13C cross-polarization (CP)/magic angle spinning (MAS) together with the high-power dipolar decoupling (DD) spectra when the concentration of phenoxy is 90 wt %. The observation was responsible for the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The proton spin-lattice relaxation time T1(H) and the proton spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame T1ρ(H) were measured as a function of the blend composition. The T1(H) result was in good agreement with the thermal analysis, i.e., the blends are completely homogeneous on the scale of 20 ∼ 30 nm. The six results of T1ρ(H) further indicated that the blends were homogeneous on the scale of 40 ∼ 50Å. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2291-2300, 1998
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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