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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Subclinical thyroid disorders ; Sonography ; Epidemiology ; Goiter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Subclinical thyroid disorders have received increasing attention in recent years due to refined laboratory methods and a stronger emphasis on the role of preventive medicine. We performed a screening for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on 6884 persons in a working population. In cases in which TSH was not within the normal range we also measured the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). All persons who did not present with exclusion criteria or other nonthyroidal illnesses (n = 59) and the controls (n = 39) were submitted to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-testing. Additionally, sonography of the thyroid was performed on 120 persons (59 subjects with abnormal hormone levels and 61 controls) to determine thyroid size and rule out morphological abnormalities. Based on the TRH test and T3, T4, and TBG measurements we found a prevalence of 0.03% (2/6884) for overt hyperthyroidism, 0.33% (23/6884) for subclinical hyperthyroidism, 0.09% (6/6884) for subclinical hypothyroidism, and 0.015% (1/6884) for overt hypothyroidism in the healthy population. In subjects with overt or subclinical hyperthyroidism the prevalence of goiters (thyroid volume 〉 18 ml in women, 〉 25 ml in men) was 28%. Of this group 48% had structural abnormalities. All persons with goiters and/or structural abnormalities were over 35 years of age. Among the euthyroid, 20% had thyroid enlargement, and the same proportion presented with structural abnormalities. There were no differences between the two age groups. In the group with overt/subclinical hypothyroidism 47% presented with structural abnormalities of the thyroid; however, none presented with thyroid enlargement. Thyroid nodules were found only in older persons (〉 〉 35 years) with euthyroidism or hypothyroidism. These data confirm the relatively high prevalence of functional and morphological abnormalities of the thyroid. An early substitution with iodine is warranted to prevent functional and morphological disorders of the thyroid in older age. People with subclinical hyperthyroid disorders must avoid exposure to iodine, which can cause an exacerbation of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 40 (1978), S. 263-267 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Copper-intoxication ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wenn eine akute Kupferintoxikation nicht durch den Kupfernachweis am asservierten Magen-Darminhalt gesichert wird, können sich differentialdiagnostische Schwierigkeiten ergeben. Es sollten hier der Morbus Wilson, der in seiner akuten abdominellen Form die klinische Symptomatik imitiert, sowie die symptomatischen Hypercuprämien ausgeschlossen werden. Dabei bietet sich neben den üblichen feingeweblichen und klinischen Untersuchungen zusätzlich die postmortale Kupferbestimmung im Hirngewebe an, die bei der Kupferintoxikation keine erhöhten Werte ergibt.
    Notes: Abstract If the diagnosis of copper-intoxication cannot be made by determination of copper in the collected specimen of the intestine, there may be problems in the differential diagnosis. In Wilson's disease and other cases of symptomatical hypercupriaemia copper content of brain tissues is elevated, while it is normal in acute copper intoxication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 42 (1979), S. 303-309 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Phosphorus poisoning ; Suicide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Akute Vergiftungen mit gelbem Phosphor sind im mitteleuropäischen Raum heute selten. Wir beobachteten eine suizidale Phosphorintoxikation. Der klinische Verlauf zeigte die klassischen drei Phasen mit einem symptomfreien Intervall. Bei dieser Vergiftung sind Form und Menge des aufgenommenen Phosphors für die enterale Absorption und somit für Prognose und klinischen Verlauf entscheidend. Gerade bei der Aufnahme auch größerer Mengen von Stangenphosphor scheint eine adäquate Therapie mit dem Grundprinzip der Absorptionsverhinderung sinnvoll.
    Notes: Abstract In central European countries phosphorus poisonings are rare today. A case of a suicidal intoxication with yellow phosphorus was studied. The clinical course showed the typical three stages including a symptom-free period, although death occurred within 50 h from acute toxic damage of the myocardium. The oral ingestion of phosphorus presents an emergency which demands immediate treatment. Prognosis is depending on the amount of phosphorus absorption in the intestine which is expected to be high if the poison is in a liquid vehicle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 56 (1984), S. 50-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Hydrogen fluoride ; Inhalation ; Intoxication ; Environmental ; Dietary exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The prognosis for fluoride inhalation is poor, owing to the extreme toxicity of the substance and lack of satisfactory treatment. In the case of massive inhalation, the slow, progressive destruction of the bronchial mucosa and lung tissue will be lethal. Irrespective of the dose, a transient restriction in renal function or acute renal failure will occur. The transient increase in transaminase seems to be caused by several factors. Our cases show that the evaluation of fluoride levels in biological material is difficult, as dietary intake, e.g., in drinking water, may complicate acute or chronic occupational exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 30 (1971), S. C49-C50 
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Although fungal phytase is frequently used as an additive to animal feed few investigations of its allergenic property have been conducted.Methods: Fifty-three subjects occupationally exposed to powdered phytase from Aspergillus niger were studied. Exposure data and symptoms were registered by the company physician.Results: Thirty-eight subjects complained of work-related respiratory symptoms and 14 of them showed phytase-specific IgE antibodies; only one asymptomatic subject revealed such antibodies. IgE antibodies were significantly more frequently found in the high-exposure group (technical centre) when compared with the low-exposure group (laboratories, experimental animal husbandry). Phytase-specific IgG antibodies were present in 19 symptomatic (50%) and five (33%) asymptomatic subjects.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that powdered fungal phytase is a highly sensitizing substance whose inhalation exposure should be avoided. Hypersensitivity symptoms could be prevented by means of extensive hygienic measures and ongoing medical surveillance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 48 (1981), S. 347-356 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Pentachlorophenol ; Wood preserving agents ; Biological monitoring ; Liver-function ; Pentachlorphenol ; Holzschutzmittel ; Analyse im biologischen Material ; Leberfunktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Auf der Basis des Belastungs-Beanspruchungs-Konzepts wurden Pilot-Untersuchungen an zwei beruflich PCP-belasteten Kollektiven durchgeführt. Ein Kollektiv ist mit der Herstellung PCP-haltiger Holzschutzmittel beschäftigt (n = 18), die andere Gruppe wendet dieses Mittel an (n = 23). Das Untersuchungsprogramm beinhaltete sowohl Messungen zur externen (PCP in der Luft) bzw. internen Belastung (PCP im Urin und Serum) als auch klinisch-chemische und immunologische Bestimmungen zur Erkennung von Wirkungen auf das Zielorgan Leber. Die PCP-Luftkonzentrationen an den einzelnen Arbeitsplätzen lagen im Mittel um den Faktor 30 (Herstellung) bzw. 200 (Anwendung) unter dem derzeit gültigen MAK-Wert von 500 μg/m3. Die PCP-Plasmakonzentrationen betrugen 0,02 bis 2,4 μg/ml. Die PCP-Ausscheidungen im Urin variierten von 6 bis 2111 μg/g Kreatinin. Diese Werte liegen deutlich oberhalb der fur das Vergleichskollektiv ermittelten Werte. Kein Zusammenhang bestand zwischen Dauer und Ausmaß der Exposition und Konzentration von PCP im biologischen Material. Die Ergebnisse der immunologischen Untersuchungen ergeben bei sechs Personen auffällige Befunde. Für diesen als erhöhte mesenchymale Aktivität interpretierten Anstieg der Immunglobuline war kein Dosis-Wirkungs-Zusammenhang wahrscheinlich zu machen. Bei den klinisch-chemischen Untersuchungen konnten deutlich erhöhte Serum-GLDH-Aktivitäten in beiden PCP-Kollektiven nachgewiesen werden. Im Kollektiv, das mit der Herstellung PCP-haltiger Holzschutzmittel beschaftigt war, wiesen ca. 40% eine isolierte Erhöhung der Serum-GLDH-Aktivitat auf, ohne daß wahrscheinlich alkoholische, durch Verunreinigungen bedingte oder virale Einflüsse eine Rolle spielen.
    Notes: Summary Based on the concept of dose and effect, pilot studies were carried out on two groups of persons occupationally exposed to pentachlorophenol (PCP). The members of the first group are engaged in the production of wood preserving agents containing PCP (n = 18), the persons of the second group are applying these agents (n = 23). The program of investigations involved measuring the external (PCP content of the ambient air) and the internal PCP-dose (PCP levels in urine and plasma) as well as determining clinical-chemical and immunological data for evaluation of eventual effects on the liver as a target organ. The concentrations of PCP in the ambient air at the workplaces were on the average a factor of 30 (group engaged in the production), and a factor of 200 (group using these agents) lower than the presently accepted MAK-value of 500 μg/m3. The concentrations of PCP in the plasma ranged from 0.02 to 2.4 μg/ml. The renal-excretion of PCP varied between 6 and 2111 μg/g creatinine. These values are markedly higher than the values found in the controls. No correlation was revealed between the duration and the extent of exposure to PCP and the concentrations of PCP in the biological materials. In six persons the immunological investigations yielded significant findings. For this rise of the immunoglobulines, which was interpreted as the result of an increased mesenchymal activity, no dose/effect relationship was conclusively proven. During the clinical chemical investigations, markedly elevated serum GLDH-activities were demonstrated in both groups of persons exposed to PCP. In the group of persons engaged in the production of wood preserving agents containing PCP, approx. 40% of the persons exhibited an isolated elevation of the serum GLDH-activity. The simultaneous influence of alcohol, contaminants in the wood preserving agents, or viruses were unlikely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 68 (1996), S. 224-228 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Hodgkin’s disease ; Occupational exposure ; Nested case-control study.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The objective of this study was to identify occupational exposures that might be etiologically linked to an unusual cluster of ten cases of Hodgkin’s disease. The cases were identified within the active workforce of a large chemical manufacturing firm over a 23-year period by the medical director of the facilities. Based on comparison with regional cancer incidence rates, the standardized incidence ratio for Hodgkin’s disease was 497 (95% confidence interval: 238–915) for the period from the construction of the facilities in 1966 through early 1992. A nested case-control study was undertaken with 200 controls selected according to case-cohort sampling. Simultaneously, efforts were initiated to confirm and characterize each case more fully. Occupational exposures were identified and categorized using process, work history, medical record, and industrial hygiene data. Tissue slides were available for eight cases and a second review confirmed the diagnosis of Hodgkin’s disease. For one case, a final diagnosis of large-cell anaplastic lymphoma was determined after histology review. Among 214 different chemical agents studied, eight were identified to which three or more of the cases had been exposed prior to the date of their initial diagnosis. Exposure odds ratios were statistically elevated for five of these agents; dose-response evaluations for two of the agents, ethylene oxide and benzene, failed to provide additional support for a causal relationship. In conclusion, although several statistical associations were identified, no substance emerged as a likely candidate for explaining the observed Hodgkin’s disease cluster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 35 (1975), S. 233-244 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Fluoride ; Iliac Crest ; Ion-Selective Electrode ; Statistical Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Normal fluoride concentrations in the human iliac crest are presented based on analyses of bone ash. Samples were obtained from 100 cadavers of both sexes. The bone samples were all taken from exactly the same skeletal location to allow for direct comparison with samples derived by bioptical methods from living subjects. The analyses were carried out on solutions of dried bone ash using an ion-sensitive electrode. Statistical treatment of the results shows a positive linear relationship between fluoride content and age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 43 (1979), S. 107-121 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Bronchial carcinoma ; Chromates ; Occupational disease ; Criteria for evaluation ; Bronchialcarcinom ; Chromate ; Berufskrankheit ; Beurteilungskriterien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Situation bei potentiell cancerogenen Chromverbindungen in der Liste der maximalen Arbeitsplatzkonzentrationen (MAK-Werte) 1978 wird geschildert. Ein empirisch-kasuistischer Bericht über 27 Fälle von Lungenerkrankungen nach Exposition gegenüber verschiedenen Chromverbinduneen schließt sich an. Zur Auswertung gelangten dabei Unterlagen der Berufsgenossenschaft der Chemischen Industrie aus sieben Firmen mit Expositionszeiten zwischen 1899 und 1968. In tabellarischer Form werden Angaben fiber 14 Fälle von Bronchial-carcinom nach Exposition gegenüber Chrom-VI-Verbindungen, drei Fälle von Bronchialcarcinom nach Exposition gegenüber Chrom-III-Verbindungen, acht Fälle von Lungenerkrankungen ohne Carcinom und zwei weitere Fälle gemacht. Unter Bezug auf these Daten und die neuere Literatur erfolgt eine Diskussion anhand von Kriterien zur Anerkennung bösartiger Neubildungen als Berufskrankheit. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit bzw. Möglichkeit von Ursache und Wirkung wird diskutiert. Die Bedeutung von arbeitsmedizinischen Vorsorgeuntersuchungen am entsprechend exponierten Arbeitsplatz and besonders die Chrombestimmung im Urin als Nachweis einer Einwirkung wird hervorgehoben.
    Notes: Summary The present situation concerning potentially cancerogenous chromium compounds listed in the table of threshold limit values (TLV's) is described, followed by an empirical case report on 27 cases of diseases of the lung after exposition to various chromium compounds. A documentation of the ‘Berufsgenossenschaft der Chemischen Industrie’ (Association of the Chemical Industry) covering seven companies with exposition times between 1899 and 1968 was evaluated for this report. Information on 14 cases of bronchial carcinoma after exposition to chromium-VI compounds, on three cases of bronchial carcinoma after exposition to chromium-III compounds, eight cases of lung disease without carcinoma, and two additional cases is presented in the form of tables. A discussion concerning the criteria of confirmation of new malignancies as occupational diseases, based on the data presented and on recent literature, follows. The probability, and/or the possibility of cause and effect is discussed. The importance of preventive check-ups in the field of occupational medicine at the working locations, correspondingly exposed, and particularly the determination of chromium in the urine are emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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