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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 188-211 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ampullate glands ; Araneus ; Cuticle ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le canal des glandes ampullacées d'Araneus diadematus comprend trois longs segments entourés d'une même gaine conjonctive pluristratifiée et riche en glycogène. La structure générale de ces segments est caractérisée par un épithélium simple reposant sur une lame basale fibrillaire et une intima cuticulaire épaisse. Les cellules épithéliales sont riches en microtubules et leur apex est garni de microvillosités. L'intima cuticulaire comporte une sous-cuticule pourvue de mucopolysaccharides acides, une endocuticule, et une épicuticule de structure classique. L'endocuticule est formée de deux sortes de bandes, en alternance, claires ou denses aux électrons, enroulées en spirale le long du manchon cuticulaire; les bandes denses comprennent un réseau de canalicules contournés et anastomosés; le matériel des bandes claires ne présente pas de structure apparente. Dans la partie proximale du premier segment du canal, les cellules épithéliales sont plus riches en microtubules; les microvillositées apicales sont plus rares; la sous-cuticule disparaît et l'endocuticule, devenue cinq fois plus épaisse que dans les autres segments, est formée, du côté des cellules, d'un réseau à larges mailles présentant une infrastructure canaliculaire, et, du côté de l'épicuticule, d'une zone granulo-fibreuse. La jonction proprement dite du canal et de l'ampoule glandulaire est réalisée grâce à une différenciation de l'épicuticule et des membranes plasmiques des cellules glandulaires proximales. Il est proposé de relier les structures décrites à des fonctions de deux types; la structure du segment proximal du canal serait propre à amortir des déformations consécutives au passage des produits de sécrétion; celle des segments suivants paraît correspondre à des phénomènes d'absorption d'eau qui se produiraient depuis la lumière du canal jusqu'au milieu intérieur de l'araignée.
    Notes: Summary The ampullate gland duct in Araneus diadematus consists of three long segments surrounded by the same sheath of multi-layered conjunctival tissue rich in glycogen. The duct segments have a single epithelial layer resting on a fibrillar basement membrane and a thick cuticular intima. The epithelial cells are rich in microtubules and their apices carry microvilli. The cuticular intima consists of an acid-mucopolysaccharide-rich sub-cuticle, an endocuticle, and a classical epicuticle. The endocuticle shows two types of alternating bands, which are electron-dense or clear, and are spirally wound over the length of the cuticular stem. The dense bands contain a network of twisted and anastomosing canaliculi. The clear bands do not show any obvious structural patterns. In the proximal end of the first segment, the epithelial cells are richer in microtubules than in other parts of the duct, the number of apical microvilli decreases, the sub-cuticle disappears, and the endocuticle, which becomes five times thicker than in the other segments, forms a loose network showing an infrastructure of canaliculi towards the cells, and a fibrous, granular zone towards the epicuticle. The actual junction of the duct and the glandular ampulla is effected by a differentiation of the epicuticle and the plasma membranes of the proximal glandular cells. We propose that the structures of the proximal segment of the duct lend themselves to a deformation that follows the passage of secretory products; the structure of the following segments seems to be related to water absorption from the duct lumen towards hemolymph.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 206 (1990), S. 25-43 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structures of the dermal scales and the cells surrounding the scales in two species of gymnophione amphibians were studied using histochemistry and light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Scales are composed of a basal platt of several layers of unmineralized collagenous fibers topped with mineralized squamulae. Squamulae are composed of numerous mineralized globules and mineralized, thick collagen fibers. Mineralization is therefore both spheritic and inotropic. Isolated flattened cells lie on the outer surface of the squamulae and seem to be involved in mineral deposition. Cells that line the basal plate synthesize the collagenous stroma of the plate. Each scale lies in a thin connective tissue pocket, and a large connective tissue pouch includes several scales in each annulus.The similarities of gymnophione scales to elasmoid scales of osteichthyans are largely superficial. Aspects of mineralization and of pocket development differ considerably. There are also similarities, as well as differences, in the gymnophione scales and osteoderms of amphibians and of reptiles. We consider that such dermal structures have arisen many times in diverse lineages of vertebrates, and that these are expressions of properties of dermal collagen to support mineralization by specialized dermal cells. However, we recommend that the term “dermal scale” be used for the mineralized dermal units of osteichthyans and gymnophiones, and “osteoderm” for the dermal structures of frogs and squamates, with the understanding that the terminology recognizes certain convergent attributes of shape and structure, but not of process.
    Additional Material: 36 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 349-367 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Teleost scales ; Ultrastructure ; Rapid freeze-fixation ; Mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé Des précisions concernant les aspects ultrastructuraux des dépôts minéraux dans les écailles deCarassius auratus ont été obtenues grâce à l'utilisation de la congélation ultra-rapide suivie d'une cryosubstitution en milieu anhydre. Ces données sont comparées à celles fournies par les méthodes usuelles utilisant des fixateurs aqueux. La couche externe des écailles comprend des fibres collagènes disposées sans ordre apparent. Les dépôts minéraux se produisent surtout dans la substance interfibrillaire où des granules denses semblent représenter des sites actifs au cours de la minéralisation apparentée au type sphéritique. La plaque basale comporte deux catégories de fibres collagènes. Les unes, les plus nombreuses, de plus fort diamètre, sont organisées en lamelles formant une structure en contre-plaqué; les autres appelées “fibres TC”, orientées de la base de l'écaille vers la zone superficielle, jouent un rôle important dans les premières phases de la minéralisation de type inotropique dans cette partie de l'écaille. Dans les deux couches de l'écaille, la phase minérale est surtout trouvée dans la substance interfibrillaire. De ce fait, les écailles élasmoides des Téleostéens peuvent être distinguées des autres écailles dermiques connues de Vertébrés inférieurs.
    Notes: Summary New data on the ultrastructural features of the elasmoid scales ofCarassius auratus have been obtained by use of rapid freezing with subsequent freeze-substitution in anhydrous solvents. These are compared with the results obtained using conventional aqueous fixatives. The external layer of the scales is composed of randomly oriented collagen fibres. In the first stages of mineralization, mineral deposits are located in the interfibrillary substance where dense granules appear to be active sites of mineralization. Spheritic mineralization occurs in this layer. The fibrillary plate is composed of two kinds of collagen fibres. Most of them are organized in lamellae forming the “plywood-like structure”. They are thicker than the so-called “TC fibres”, which are oriented from the basal part towards the superficial layer. These TC fibres are involved in the first stages of mineral deposition in the fibrillary plate where inotropic mineralization occurs. The mineral phase is almost always located in the interfibrillary matrix in both layers of the elasmoid scale. In this respect, teleost scales differ from those described so far in other lower vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 9 (1977), S. 505-520 
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Synopsis The lingual glands of amphibians are confined to the dorsal face of the tongue and are formed by invaginations of the lingual epithelium. The secretory products have a heterogeneous composition. Mucosubstances are usually associated with proteins. The secretory product of the outer glandular cells is rich in mucosubstances of an acidity varying with species. In Anourans and Urodeles, the secretory product of the tubes contains abundant proteins and, where present, mucosubstances are less abundant and less acid than those produced at the surface of the tongue. Proteins and mucosubstances coexist in the same secretory granules, which exhibit a more or less homogeneous appearence in Gymnophiona and in Anourans while having a complex structure in Urodeles. In spite of their primitive anatomical features, the amphibian lingual glands present histochemical signs of a complete cellular evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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