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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Freshwater biology 41 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Zooplankton density was examined in a free-flowing section of the River Danube, Austria. Spatial and temporal patterns were used to identify mechanisms regulating zooplankton dynamics.2. Zooplankton abundance differed significantly between sampling sites. These differences were the result of variations in water residence time within the habitats. Inshore habitats with low flushing rates act as storage zones for zooplankton.3. The hydrological conditions govern the number and size of storage zones. In the study area, the highest availability of storage zones was observed at medium water level.4. Total zooplankton numbers, total rotifer numbers and the densities of the most abundant rotifer taxa were significantly positively related to the availability of adjacent storage zones.5. The present authors propose that inshore retention capacity, and the hydrological processes and mechanisms controlling the extent of inshore retention may be of major significance in regulated rivers with high water velocities, preventing substantial zooplankton growth in the main channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 20 (1998), S. 106-107 
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] A perplexing example of the complexity of genotype-phenotype relationships is provided by XPD, a DNA repair/transcription helicase encoded by the xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) group D gene (ERCC2). It is part of the TFIIH complex, which binds to the promoters of genes and facilitates the initiation ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1406-1409 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Keywords Respiratory failure ; Mitochondrial myopathy ; Acid maltase deficiency ; Intermittent positive pressure ventilation ; Carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Objective: To describe how patients cope with the propos-al of treatment with intermittent artificial ventilation after acute respiratory failure due to progressive respiratory muscle weakness. Design: Case series, follow-up study. Setting: Neurological intensive care unit (ICU). Patients: 7 consecutive patients with metabolic myopathy treated for acute respiratory failure between 1983 and 1992. interventions: Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) via tracheostomy. Measurements and results: Symptoms of chronic hypoventilation preceded acute respiratory failure for months. With one exception, patients were mainly disabled from respiratory muscle weakness and sleep-related breathing disorders. IPPV was recommended to prevent recurrent respiratory failure. Two of 28.8nthree patients who accepted home IPPV returned to full-time jobs. One patient, who decided against IPPV, died from CO2 narcosis several months after discharge. All patients adhered to the respiratory regimen once instituted. Conclusions: Acute respiratory failure in chronic myopathy is heralded by daytime drowsiness. IPPV, or at least regular monitoring of waking and sleeping partial pressure of carbon dioxide, is highly recommended even if weaning is successful. IPPV improved quality of life. The treatment strategy at discharge from the ICU should be optimal, as patients are reluctant to modify regimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1406-1409 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Respiratory failure ; Mitochondrial myopathy ; Acid maltase deficiency ; Intermittent positive pressure ventilation ; Carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To describe how patients cope with the proposal of treatment with intermittent artificial ventilation after acute respiratory failure due to progressive respiratory muscle weakness. Design Case series, follow-up study. Setting Neurological intensive care unit (ICU). Patients 7 consecutive patients with metabolic myopathy treated for acute respiratory failure between 1983 and 1992. Interventions Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) via tracheostomy. Measurements and results Symptoms of chronic hypoventilation preceded acute respiratory failure for months. With one exception, patients were mainly disabled from respiratory muscle weakness and sleep-related breathing disorders. IPPV was recommended to prevent recurrent respiratory failure. Two of three patients who accepted home IPPV returned to full-time jobs. One patient, who decided against IPPV, died from CO2 narcosis several months after discharge. All patients adhered to the respiratory regimen once instituted. Conclusions Acute respiratory failure in chronic myopathy is heralded by daytime drowsiness. IPPV, or at least regular monitoring of waking and sleeping partial pressure of carbon dioxide, is highly recommended even if weaning is successful. IPPV improved quality of life. The treatment strategy at discharge from the ICU should be optimal, as patients are reluctant to modify regimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 34 (1995), S. 2-9 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Ernährungserhebung ; Ernährungstagebücher ; Mahlzeitenmuster ; Nährstoffaufnahme ; Dietary survey ; food records ; meal patterns ; nutrient intake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Seven-day food records of the MONICA project Augsburg dietary survey, which were collected between October 1984 and May 1985 in 899 men aged 45–64 years (random sample), were used to analyze meal patterns. Among other variables, the emphasis was placed on meal frequency and rhythm, frequency of meal combinations, place and time of meal intake as well as on the contribution of different meals to selected nutrient intake. Breakfast delivers 17 %, lunch 29 %, and dinner 33 % of the total daily energy intake; all other meals (snacks) deliver 21 % of the energy intake. The mean contribution of the three major meals, such as breakfast, lunch and dinner to daily protein intake is 14 %, 36 %, and 36 %; to fat intake 17 %, 33 %, and 35 %, and to carbohydrate intake 23 %, 25 %, and 29 %, respectively. Data on meal patterns are useful for the development of preventive strategies.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit den Daten aus 899 7-Tage-Ernährungsprotokollen, die in der ersten Ernährungserhebung des MONICA-Projektes Augsburg an Männern zwischen 45 und 64 Jahren (Zufallsstichprobe) zwischen Oktober 1984 und Mai 1985 erhoben wurden, wurden Mahlzeitenmuster untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt lag dabei u.a. auf Mahlzeitenfrequenz und -rhythmus, Häufigkeit von Mahlzeitenkombinationen, Ort und Zeitpunkt des Mahlzeitenverzehrs sowie der Verteilung der Zufuhr ausgewählter Nährstoffe auf die einzelnen Mahlzeiten. Es zeigte sich dabei z.B., daß das Frühstück im Mittel 17 % der täglichen Energiezufuhr liefert, das Mittagessen 29 % und das Abendessen 33 %; 21 % entfallen auf die Zwischenmahlzeiten. Die analogen Verteilungen der Hauptnährstoffe auf die Hauptmahlzeiten lauten für Protein 14 %, 36 %, 36 %; für Fett 17 %, 33 %, 35 % und für Kohlenhydrate 23 %, 25 % und 29 %. Die Ergebnisse stellen praxis- und handlungsorientierte Basisdaten für die Gesundheitsförderung dar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft 37 (1998), S. 234-241 
    ISSN: 0044-264X
    Keywords: Key words Food frequency questionnaire – weighed dietary records – validity – food intake measurement – MONICA ; Schlüsselwörter Food-frequency-Fragebogen – Wiegeprotokolle – Validität – Ernährungserhebungen – MONICA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unsere Studie hatte zum Ziel, die Validität einer kurzen, qualitativen Food-Frequency-Liste (FFL) zu untersuchen, die bereits in mehreren großen deutschen Querschnittsstudien eingesetzt wurde. In den Querschnittsstudien des MONICA Projektes Augsburg wurde die FFL bei zufällig ausgewählten Erwachsenen abgefragt. Ergänzend wurde 1984/85 an der Substichprobe der 45- bis 64-jährigen Männer eine Ernährungserhebung mittels 7-Tage-Ernährungsprotokollen (DR) durchgeführt (Beteiligung 70%). Sie dienen hier als Referenzmethode, d.h. die Validität der FFL wurde anhand dieser 899 DR getestet. Die mittleren wöchentlichen Verzehrshäufigkeiten und der mittlere tägliche Lebensmittelverzehr wurden verglichen; zusätzlich wurden die Spearman-Rang-Korrelationskoeffizienten, die Zuordnung in Tertilen und die Statistik Kappa berechnet. Die Korrelationskoeffizienten liegen zwischen 0,15 für “Sonstige Süßwaren (Bonbons, Kompotte u.ä.)” und 0,60 für “Quark, Joghurt, Dickmilch”, “Milch einschl. Buttermilch” und “Mineralwasser”; die Werte für die Statistik Kappa variieren zwischen 0,04 (“Weißbrot, Mischbrot, Toastbrot”) und 0,41 (“Haferflocken, Müsli, Cornflakes” und “Milch einschl. Buttermilch”). Von den 24 Items der untersuchten FFL können 22 für Auswertungen auf Gruppenebene verwendet werden, Analysen auf Individualebene sind mit Vorsicht durchzuführen. Vergleiche mit anderen Validierungsstudien deuten darauf hin, daß sich möglicherweise einige Lebensmittelgruppen generell besser als andere über Food-Frequency-Methoden erheben lassen.
    Notes: Summary Our study aimed to test the validity of a short, qualitative food frequency list (FFL) used in several German large scale surveys. In the surveys of the MONICA project Augsburg, the FFL was used in randomly selected adults. In 1984/85, a dietary survey with 7-day records (DR) was conducted within the subsample of men aged 45 to 64 (response 70%). The 899 DR were used to validate the FFL. Mean weekly food intake frequency and mean daily food intake were compared and Spearman rank order correlation coefficients and classification into tertiles with values of the statistic Kappa were calculated. Spearman correlations range between 0.15 for the item “Other sweets (candies, compote)” and 0.60 for the items “Curds, yoghurt, sour milk”, “Milk including butter milk” and “Mineral water”; values for statistic Kappa vary between 0.04 (“White bread, brown bread, crispbread”) and 0.41 (“Flaked oats, muesli, cornflakes” and “milk including butter milk”). With the exception of two items, FFL data can be used for analysis on group level. Analysis on individual level should be done with caution. It seems, as if some food groups are generally easier to ask for in FFL than others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft 37 (1998), S. 211-214 
    ISSN: 0044-264X
    Keywords: Key words Dietary survey – Smoking – Dietary intake – East Germany ; Schlüsselwörter Ernährungserhebung – Rauchen – Ernährung – Ostdeutschland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die 1991/92 mittels Wiegeprotokoll-Methode über 3 Tage in Erfurt erhobenen Daten von 422 Männern und 315 Frauen im Alter zwischen 20 und 64 Jahren analysiert. Der Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel, Version 2.1, wurde zur Kodierung der Lebensmittel und zur Berechnung der Inhaltsstoffe herangezogen. Die Darstellung der Ergebnisse erfolgte mittels altersstandardisierter Mittelwerte. Nichtraucher beiderlei Geschlechts verzehrten z.B. mehr frisches Obst (m: 166 g vs. 119 g, p=0,0001; w: 180 g vs. 147 g, p=0,0009), mehr Milch und Milchprodukte (m: 195 g vs. 121 g, p=0,0108; w: 176 g vs. 136 g, p=0,0004) und tranken weniger Kaffee (m: 401 g vs. 457 g, p=0,0103; w: 387 g vs. 491 g, p=0,0003) als Raucher. Als Folge nahmen Raucher beispielsweise weniger Ballaststoffe sowie wenige ausgewählter Vitamine und Mineralstoffe auf. Diese Ergebnisse aus einer ostdeutschen Population entsprechen denen anderer industrialisierter westlicher Länder.
    Notes: Summary Data relating to 422 men and 315 women aged 20 to 64 years were collected in 1991/92 using 3-day weighed records. The national German food composition file BLS 2.1 was used for food coding and calculation of nutrients. Age adjusted mean daily intakes were presented. Food intake habits of smokers and non-smokers showed distinct differences: for instance, non-smokers of both genders ate more fresh fruit (m: 166 g vs. 119 g, p=0.0001; f: 180 g vs. 147 g, p=0.0009), more milk and milk products (m: 195 g vs. 121 g, p=0.0108; f: 176 g vs. 136 g, p=0.0004), and drank less coffee (m: 401 g vs. 457 g, p=0.0103; f: 387 g vs. 491 g, p=0.0003). As a result, intakes of various nutrients also differed. For example, smokers had lower intakes of fibre, selected vitamins, and minerals. The tendency toward an unhealthier dietary pattern in smokers was in accordance with findings from various industrialized Western countries.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Automated haematology analyser ; Contraves AL 820 ; Electronic cell counter ; Evaluation ; Veterinary haematology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comprehensive evaluation of the automated haematology analyser Contraves AL 820 was initiated to determine the suitability of this instrument for veterinary purposes in domestic, pet and laboratory animal species. The AL 820 (AVL Medical Instruments, Schaffhausen, Switzerland) is an impedance cell counter with automated threshold setting for rapid adaptation to cell characteristics of different animal species. Storage capability for up to 200 data sets with histograms is provided. Excellent precision, linearity and carry-over features of the AL 820 have been demonstrated in tests with rat, mouse, cat, dog, cattle and horse blood samples. Accuracy of haemoglobin and haematocrit measurements with respect to reference methods was characterised by strong linear correlation. The patented cyanide-free AL 820 method for haemoglobin determination compared very well to the haemoglobincyanide reference method. Accuracy of the red blood cell, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cell count and platelet count parameters was generally good, when compared to the established laboratory routine method (the predecessor model AL 801) or to a high end automated haematology analyser (Abbott Cell-Dyn CD 3500). Although variation of platelet count measurements was greater than variation of all other parameters, it was considered acceptable particularly with respect to the lack of excelling alternatives. Poor accuracy of feline platelet counts was attributed to overlapping size distribution of red blood cells and platelets in this species. The overall favourable acceptance of the AL 820 was based on easy handling, simple maintenance and pronounced flexibility of this instrument at an economical purchase price. A sample volume of 30 µl and a throughput of up to 60 samples per hour are distinct advantages and render the AL 820 suitable for medium-sized laboratories. With few exceptions, the instrument provides reliable results for all major animal species encountered in routine veterinary haematology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Ernährungserhebung ; Lebensmittelverzehr ; Nährstoffaufnahme ; Ausbildungsjahre ; Dietary survey ; food consumption ; nutrient intake ; educational attainment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The relationship between educational attainment and dietary behaviour was examined in a South German population of men aged 45 to 64 years. Analyses are based on data from the MONICA Augsburg Dietary Survey 1984/85 (7-day dietary records, n=899). The evaluation of the daily food consumption shows that men with higher educational attainment prefer healthier food items than men with lower educational attainment. The healthier food pattern in men with higher educational attainment is reflected in a lower cholesterol intake and in a higher fibre intake. The mean daily intake of vitamins, minerals and trace elements is better in men with higher educational attainment with the exception of the vitamin niacin. The total daily caloric intake, fat intake and the combination of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids is independent of educational attainment. The percentage of carbohydrates, protein and fat of the total caloric intake is nearly the same in all educational attainment groups. The results concerning food pattern and nutrient intake by educational attainment offer important information with regard to the development of strategies for the improvement of nutrition habits.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Beziehung zwischen Ernährungsverhalten und Bildungsstand wurde an 45- bis 64jährigen Männern in einer süddeutschen Population untersucht. Daten der Ernährungserhebung des MONICA-Projektes Augsburg 1984/85 wurden ausgewertet. Von 899 Teilnehmern (70 % Beteiligung) wurden 7-Tage-Ernährungsprotokolle erhoben. Der tägliche Lebensmittelverzehr macht deutlich, daß Männer mit höherem Bildungsstand eine gesündere Lebensmittelauswahl treffen. Die Auswirkungen des gesünderen Verzehrsmusters auf die Nährstoffzufuhr beschränken sich auf eine geringere tägliche Aufnahme von Cholesterin und eine höhere Aufnahme von Ballaststoffen. Die Versorgung mit Vitaminen, Mineralstoffen und Spurenelementen ist bei höherem Bildungsstand günstiger, mit Ausnahme des Vitamins Niacin. Als weitgehend unabhängig vom Bildungsstand erweist sich die Energiezufuhr, Fettzufuhr und Fettzusammensetzung. Die prozentualen Anteile der Nährstoffe an der Energiezufuhr weisen keine wesentlichen Unterschiede in den Gruppen der Männer mit unterschiedlichem Bildungsstand auf. Die Ergebnisse ermöglichen, anhand von Informationen über Lebensmittelverzehr und Nährstoffaufnahme einer Personengruppe mit bestimmtem Bildungsstand, konkrete Beratungsziele zu stecken und bessere Ansatzpunkte für Präventionsmaßnahmen im Ernährungsbereich zu finden.
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