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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparing ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphy in evaluating an experimentally induced muscular hematoma (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 3 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: A standardized trauma was inflicted to the lateral side of the calf muscle of 12 New Zealand rabbits, creating a muscle hematoma without external bleeding. The acute hematoma was evaluated within 3 h with radionuclide imaging of red blood cells labelled with 99mTc pertechnetate, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results were compared with the total volume of the hematomas as calculated from histological preparations of each injured muscle. Scintigraphy and T2-weighted MRI accurately detected all hematomas but the calculated volume did not significantly correlate with histology. T1-weighted MRI did not detect the hematomas. Ultrasonography detected all hematomas and also accurately evaluated the volume. In conclusion, scintigraphy, MR imaging and ultrasonography are all sensitive enough to detect an acute muscle injury, but in this investigation only ultrasonography accurately quantified the volume of the hematoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1993.tb00371.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of intensive training on lower leg structural strength: an in vivo study in ovariectomized rats (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 7 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training on the in vivo tibial structural strength during the development of post-ovariectomy osteoporosis. Seventeen mature Wistar rats (215 g) were ovariectomized and randomized into two groups. The sedentary control group was kept cage confined, while 3 days postoperatively the trained group started treadmill running with high intensity for 1 h 5 days a week. All were given a low calcium diet (Ca 0.01%). After 8 weeks the animals were anaesthetized and the right lower legs fractured during muscle contraction in three-point ventral bending. The left legs were fractured at the same level after removal of all soft tissues. Histomorphometry of the meta- and diaphysis of the distal tibiae was performed. Weight-gain was higher in sedentary (108 g) than in trained (61 g) rats (P 〈 0.0001). There were no significant differences in mechanical results between the groups at in vivo or in vitro fracture. Correcting for weight-gain differences did not change these results. Histomorphometry showed no differences between the groups. Corticosterone was higher in trained than in sedentary rats (P 〈 0.02), and corticosterone may have had a negative influence both on muscle and bone. The study could not show an effect of high intensity training in the early phase after ovariectomy on in vivo or in vitro fracture strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00143.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Clodronate on Cortical and Trabecular Bone in Ovariectomized Rats on a Low Calcium Diet (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 158 -164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ovariectomy — Low calcium diet — Clodronate — Bone volume — Bone strength.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of a low calcium diet to the cortical and trabecular osteoporosis seen in ovariectomized rats after 7 weeks on a low calcium diet and to investigate the effects of the bisphosphonate clodronate on this development of osteoporosis. Thirty-six mature, female Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: Ovx−B (bisphosphonate) and Ovx−C (control) were ovariectomized, and Sham−Ca (low calcium) and Sham+Ca (normal calcium) were sham operated. The first three groups were fed a low calcium diet (0.01%) and Sham+Ca normal rat chow (Ca 1.1%). The Ovx−B received 10 mg/kg s.c. clodronate daily for nine weeks, and Ovx−C, Sham−Ca, and Sham+Ca received the same volumes of saline. Bone mineral turnover measured as 85Sr-uptake was increased in all low calcium groups compared to Sham+Ca. The Sham+Ca femora had higher dry weight and ash weight than the other groups, and Ovx−C had higher dry weight compared with Ovx−B and Sham−Ca. Calcium content was lower in both Ovx groups compared to both Sham groups. Magnesium was lower in all groups compared to Sham+Ca and higher in Ovx−B compared with Ovx−C. In the femoral shaft, Sham+Ca had significantly higher ultimate bending moment, energy absorption, and deflection compared to the other three groups. Ultimate bending moment was higher in Sham−Ca than in Ovx−C. Stiffness was increased in both Sham+Ca and Ovx−B compared to Ovx−C. The maximum stress in the femoral midshaft was higher in Sham+Ca than in the other groups, and higher in Ovx−B than in Ovx−C. Histomorphometry showed increased medullary area in all low calcium groups compared to Sham+Ca and larger cortical area in Sham+Ca and Ovx−B compared to Ovx−C. Compared to Sham+Ca the trabecular bone volume was decreased to 30% in Sham−Ca and to 9% in Ovx−C, but was unchanged in Ovx−B. The low calcium diet generally increased bone mineral turnover and reduced the tibial bone volume. Femoral changes led to a reduction of cortical fracture strength and maximal stress. Ovariectomy in addition to a low calcium diet reduced femoral strength even more. Daily injections of clodronate to ovariectomized rats on a low calcium diet increased femoral shaft stiffness and maximum stress, and clodronate preserved both trabecular and cortical tibial bone volume completely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900315
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in Bone Mineral, Lean Body Mass and Fat Content as Measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry: A Longitudinal Study (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry — Lean body mass — Fat — Normative data.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Bone mineral density (BMD) and soft tissue composition were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) 3–4 years apart in 273 men and women aged 23–90. We found different rates of BMD loss in different skeletal regions. There were also different rates of BMD loss in different regions within the hip. Average rates of loss for male subjects 50 years of age and above for BMD total body were 0.1%/year and for femoral neck 1.5%/year, whereas lumbar spine (L2–L4) increased by 0.4%/year. Average rates of loss for female subjects 50 years of age and above for BMD total body were 0.0%/year, femoral neck 0.9%/year, and lumbar spine (L2–L4) 0.1%/year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230010020
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Earlier wrist fracture: A confounding factor in distal forearm bone screening (1992)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 2 (1992), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone ; Distal radius ; Fracture ; Single photon absorptiometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-six women aged 60, 70 or 80 years who had fractured one of their distal radii (Colles' fracture) 0 to 35 (median 10) years earlier were examined in this population-based study. Single photon measurements (SPA) were performed on both arms 1 cm and 6 cm proximal to the styloid process of the ulna. All women were questioned about earlier wrist fractures and which, if any, side had been affected. Information about the type and site of the fracture was also gathered from the hospital records. The bone mineral content (BMC) was found to be increased by almost 20% in the once-fractured radius at the distal measuring site (1 cm) when compared with the unaffected side. This difference did not seem to diminish with time. At the proximal measuring site there was no difference between the once-fractured and the non-fractured side. There was a progressive loss of bone mineral in the once-fractured arm during the first years after the fracture however. This appeared to be reversed after about 10 years to a relative gain, even though the correlation was weak. Six of the 36 women could not remember which side had been fractured and five could not remember having had such a fracture at all. Determination of osteoporosis by measuring forearm BMC with single photon densitometry is therefore of limited value in some women of the oldest age groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623927
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Loss Following Tibial Osteotomy: A Model for Evaluating Post-traumatic Osteopenia (2000)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry – Fracture – Post-traumatic osteopenia – Tibial osteotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The reduced bone mineral density (BMD) found in patients with fractures may, in part, follow rather than precede the fracture. We studied the magnitude and reversibility of bone loss in the 15 months following osteotomy in 21 men and 5 women with localized medial arthritis of the knee. BMD (mean ± SD), measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, decreased by a maximum of 35 ± 21% in the mid-diaphysis of the affected tibia at 9 months after surgery (p〈0.001). At 15 months, reversal of bone loss in nonfractured bones was incomplete; the remaining deficit was 20 ± 27% relative to baseline (p〈0.001). Maximum bone loss occurred at 9 months at the total body (5 ± 2%), spine (15 ± 17%) and at Ward’s triangle of the proximal femur of the unoperated limb (10 ± 17%) (all p〈0.01). In summary, post-traumatic bone loss is region-specific with incomplete reversibility, at least after about 15 months. Deficits in BMD in cross-sectional studies of patients with fractures, held to be responsible for the bone fragility, may, in part, follow rather than precede the fracture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050290
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture of the upper end of the femur is not associated with familial fracture disposition (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 108 (1989), S. 265-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Based on the population of the city of Malmö, Sweden, we performed a retrospective cohort study. By choosing patients who had fractures of the upper end of the femur in the 1950s as an indication of senile osteoporosis, and by studying the roentgenographic records of their children from the 1950s and on' we concluded that this type of osteoporosis is not a condition that is aggravated in certain families. Offspring of parents who had a hip fracture in the 1950s are not more prone to have fractures than a control group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932310
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetracycline double-labelling in post-traumatic osteopenia in man (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 103 (1984), S. 81-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Biopsien von Teilen früher frakturierter Knochen wurden entnommen bei sieben Fällen mit posttraumatischer Osteopenie und bei einem gesunden Freiwilligen, die alle mit einer doppelten Dosis Tetracyklin vorbereitet wurden. Von dem Freiwilligen nahm man eine Biopsie vom proximalen Teil der Tibiaepiphyse and von der Crista iliaca. Die Größe der gekennzeichneten Oberflächen und die Appositionsgeschwindigkeit wurde berechnet. Das Resultat wurde auch mit normalen Daten der Crista iliaca verglichen. Es scheint, als ob sich eine post-traumatische Osteopenie, wenigstens im ersten Jahr nach der Fraktur, in einem Zustand gesteigerter Appositionsaktivität befindet.
    Notes: Summary Biopsy specimens were taken from parts of earlier fractured bones in seven patients with post-traumatic osteopenia and one healthy volunteer, who were all administered a double dose of tetracycline for the purpose of prelabelling. In the volunteer, specimens were taken from both the proximal tibia epiphysis and the iliac crest. The fraction of labelled surfaces and the rate of apposition were calculated. The results were also compared with normative data from the iliac crest. At least in the first year after fracture, post-traumatic osteopenia appears to be a condition with an increased appositional activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389576
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myelography in the late postoperative period in patients subjected to anterior cervical decompression and fusion (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 122 (1993), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cervical spondylosis ; cervical disc ; Cloward procedure ; anterior fusion ; late myelography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During a 13 year period, 286 patients with cervical disc herniation and/or spondylotic spurs, were subjected to anterior decompression and vertebral interbody fusion with autologous bone. Twenty patients were re-admitted in the late postoperative period due to recurrent radicular symptoms and/or signs of myelopathy. In these patients myelography was performed again. In 14 patients spinal cord compression and/or nerve root involvement at a new level was visualized. At the operated level, however, the myelograms demonstrated a smooth anterior wall in the spinal canal. The series confirms the safety, effectiveness and reliability of the Cloward procedure in achieving long term spinal cord and nerve root decompression, and a solid vertebral interbody fusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01446993
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis of the bone mineral content in human trabecular bone: A comparison with ICPES and neutron activation analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 236-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the accuracy of bone mineral composition determination by electron microprobe analysis (EDX) the measurements have been compared to instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and chemical analysis (ICPES). Bone specimens from five femoral heads were used. The trabecular content of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) was analyzed by the three different methods. The FDX method allows for a microstructural analysis of intact, methylmetacrylate-embedded, undecalcified bone and the measuring points can thus be distinctly identified centrally in each trabecula. The analysis yielded 25.8±0.7 wt% Ca and 10.5±0.1 wt % P, compared with 22.2±0.5 and 23.0±1.0 wt % Ca, and 9.83±0.21 and 10.02±0.44 wt % P for INAA and ICPES, respectively. The EDX analysis was calibrated by consecutive measurements of a hard, pressed tablet of hydroxyapatit of known content. The mean Ca content deviated with-0.38 wt % from the given content and P with-0.89 wt %. We could not verify any particular interference from the embedding procedure, however, it is possible that the relatively lower P content still may reflect this. The magnesium (Mg) concentration was 0.31±0.02 wt % by EDX and 0.26±0.02 wt % by INAA. The EDX analytical method provides a useful tool for simultaneous elemental quantification in bone. It has the advantage of permitting the use of cation bone biopsy material and thus allowing for a unique microstructural evaluation of the degree of mineralization. By comparison with other established methods, the assessment of accuracy and reliability indicates that the measurements are well in range for the major constituents, Ca and P, whereas INAA is more sensitive in determining trace elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425881
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