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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-traumatic osteoarthrosis after tibial shaft fractures A 30-year-follow-up (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology 3 (1993), S. 255-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1068
    Keywords: Fracture tibiale ; Diaphyseal ; Posttraumatic osteoarthrose ; Tibial fracture ; Diaphyseal ; Posttraumatic osteoarthrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 1990, a retrospective case control study was performed based on all patients with tibial shaft fractures (n = 767) treated at the Department of Orthopaedics in Malmö 1949–1963. At the time of the study 231 of the patients were still living in Malmö . All radiographic examinations of this latter group from the time of the fracture to 1990 were studied and the occurrence of osteoarthrosis (OA) of the hip, knee and ankle joints were registered. The fracture patients were compared with an age and sex-matched control group. The group with previous tibial shaft fracture had an increased prevalence of OA in the lower extremities compared with the controls. When comparing the risk of OA in the once fractured limb with the uninjured side we found no difference. We conclude that there is no risk of having posttraumatic OA after extra-articular tibial shaft fractures.
    Notes: Résumé En 1990, une étude de contrôle est réalisée en se référant à tous les patients ayant eu des fractures de la diaphyse tibiale (n = 767) traitées dans le Département d'Orthopédie de Malmö entre 1949 et 1963. Lors de ce contrôle 231 patients vivaient toujours à Malmö. Tous les examens radiographiques de ce dernier groupe, à partir du moment de la fracture jusqu'à 1990 ont été étudiés et on a noté tous les cas de survenue d'arthrose de la hanche, du genou et de l'articulation de la cheville. Ces cas de fractures tibiales sont comparées à un groupe de contrôle de même âge et de même sexe. Le groupe des patients avec antécédent de fracture de la diaphyse tibiale présente une prédominance d'arthrose dans les membres inférieurs en comparaison avec les témoins. Nous n'avons relevé par contre aucune différence significative en comparant le risque d'arthrose dans le membre fracturé avec celui du côté intact. Nous concluons donc qu'il n'y a aucun risque d'avoir une arthrose post-traumatique après une fracture diaphysaire tibiale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01796530
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myelography in the late postoperative period in patients subjected to anterior cervical decompression and fusion (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 122 (1993), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cervical spondylosis ; cervical disc ; Cloward procedure ; anterior fusion ; late myelography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During a 13 year period, 286 patients with cervical disc herniation and/or spondylotic spurs, were subjected to anterior decompression and vertebral interbody fusion with autologous bone. Twenty patients were re-admitted in the late postoperative period due to recurrent radicular symptoms and/or signs of myelopathy. In these patients myelography was performed again. In 14 patients spinal cord compression and/or nerve root involvement at a new level was visualized. At the operated level, however, the myelograms demonstrated a smooth anterior wall in the spinal canal. The series confirms the safety, effectiveness and reliability of the Cloward procedure in achieving long term spinal cord and nerve root decompression, and a solid vertebral interbody fusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01446993
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparing ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphy in evaluating an experimentally induced muscular hematoma (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 3 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: A standardized trauma was inflicted to the lateral side of the calf muscle of 12 New Zealand rabbits, creating a muscle hematoma without external bleeding. The acute hematoma was evaluated within 3 h with radionuclide imaging of red blood cells labelled with 99mTc pertechnetate, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results were compared with the total volume of the hematomas as calculated from histological preparations of each injured muscle. Scintigraphy and T2-weighted MRI accurately detected all hematomas but the calculated volume did not significantly correlate with histology. T1-weighted MRI did not detect the hematomas. Ultrasonography detected all hematomas and also accurately evaluated the volume. In conclusion, scintigraphy, MR imaging and ultrasonography are all sensitive enough to detect an acute muscle injury, but in this investigation only ultrasonography accurately quantified the volume of the hematoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1993.tb00371.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of intensive training on lower leg structural strength: an in vivo study in ovariectomized rats (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 7 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training on the in vivo tibial structural strength during the development of post-ovariectomy osteoporosis. Seventeen mature Wistar rats (215 g) were ovariectomized and randomized into two groups. The sedentary control group was kept cage confined, while 3 days postoperatively the trained group started treadmill running with high intensity for 1 h 5 days a week. All were given a low calcium diet (Ca 0.01%). After 8 weeks the animals were anaesthetized and the right lower legs fractured during muscle contraction in three-point ventral bending. The left legs were fractured at the same level after removal of all soft tissues. Histomorphometry of the meta- and diaphysis of the distal tibiae was performed. Weight-gain was higher in sedentary (108 g) than in trained (61 g) rats (P 〈 0.0001). There were no significant differences in mechanical results between the groups at in vivo or in vitro fracture. Correcting for weight-gain differences did not change these results. Histomorphometry showed no differences between the groups. Corticosterone was higher in trained than in sedentary rats (P 〈 0.02), and corticosterone may have had a negative influence both on muscle and bone. The study could not show an effect of high intensity training in the early phase after ovariectomy on in vivo or in vitro fracture strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00143.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis of the bone mineral content in human trabecular bone: A comparison with ICPES and neutron activation analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 236-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the accuracy of bone mineral composition determination by electron microprobe analysis (EDX) the measurements have been compared to instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and chemical analysis (ICPES). Bone specimens from five femoral heads were used. The trabecular content of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) was analyzed by the three different methods. The FDX method allows for a microstructural analysis of intact, methylmetacrylate-embedded, undecalcified bone and the measuring points can thus be distinctly identified centrally in each trabecula. The analysis yielded 25.8±0.7 wt% Ca and 10.5±0.1 wt % P, compared with 22.2±0.5 and 23.0±1.0 wt % Ca, and 9.83±0.21 and 10.02±0.44 wt % P for INAA and ICPES, respectively. The EDX analysis was calibrated by consecutive measurements of a hard, pressed tablet of hydroxyapatit of known content. The mean Ca content deviated with-0.38 wt % from the given content and P with-0.89 wt %. We could not verify any particular interference from the embedding procedure, however, it is possible that the relatively lower P content still may reflect this. The magnesium (Mg) concentration was 0.31±0.02 wt % by EDX and 0.26±0.02 wt % by INAA. The EDX analytical method provides a useful tool for simultaneous elemental quantification in bone. It has the advantage of permitting the use of cation bone biopsy material and thus allowing for a unique microstructural evaluation of the degree of mineralization. By comparison with other established methods, the assessment of accuracy and reliability indicates that the measurements are well in range for the major constituents, Ca and P, whereas INAA is more sensitive in determining trace elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425881
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is bone mineral density advantage maintained long-term in previous weight lifters? (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Bone mass measurements ; Duarenergy X-ray absorptiometry ; Weight lifting ; physical activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This cross-sectional study was done in order to ascertain whether there is a lifelong beneficial effect on bone mineral density (BMD) of early, long-lasting, and intense physical exercise. Forty-eight male ex-weight lifters, mean age 64 years (range 50–79) participated. They had followed a training program of an average of 10 hours/week (range 4–20) for an average of 13 years (range 1–34). They had all retired from competitive sport an average of 30 years (range 7–50) ago. Sixty-six age-matched volunteers served as controls. The bone mineral density (BMD, areal density, g/cm2) in the total body, spine, and hips and the fat content and lean body mass were measured with the LUNAR DPX bone mass scanner. In ex-weight lifters 50–64 years of age, the BMD was greater than in controls. After 65 years, no difference was found between the former weight lifters and their controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302066
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indicators of bone formation in weight lifters (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Weight lifters ; Athletes ; Bone turnover ; Osteocalcin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Physical activity has been suggested to be one of the determinants of bone turnover and to prevent age-related bone loss. To examine this we measured the serum levels of osteocalcin (bone Gla-protein, BGP), C-terminal procollagen peptide (PICP), serum alkaline phosphatase, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and S-calcium as indices of bone formation in 19 actively performing and 15 ex-lifters. All were nationally or internationally ranked male athletes. Their values were compared with those from 38 age- and gendermatched controls. Actively performing weight lifters had 35% higher (P〈0.05) serum concentration of osteocalcin than the controls. The ex-lifters did not differ from the agematched controls. Also serum calcium was elevated in active lifters (6%) (P〈0.01) but not in ex-lifters. No difference was found for serum-ALP, B-ALP, or PICP in either of the groups. Our study indicates that in addition to an already documented and well-known higher bone mineral density in heavily exercising athletes, they have an indication of higher bone formation as measured by biochemical markers. In athletes who have retired from competitional training, however, the bone formation does not differ from that of more sedentary controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298605
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Clodronate on Cortical and Trabecular Bone in Ovariectomized Rats on a Low Calcium Diet (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 158 -164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ovariectomy — Low calcium diet — Clodronate — Bone volume — Bone strength.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of a low calcium diet to the cortical and trabecular osteoporosis seen in ovariectomized rats after 7 weeks on a low calcium diet and to investigate the effects of the bisphosphonate clodronate on this development of osteoporosis. Thirty-six mature, female Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: Ovx−B (bisphosphonate) and Ovx−C (control) were ovariectomized, and Sham−Ca (low calcium) and Sham+Ca (normal calcium) were sham operated. The first three groups were fed a low calcium diet (0.01%) and Sham+Ca normal rat chow (Ca 1.1%). The Ovx−B received 10 mg/kg s.c. clodronate daily for nine weeks, and Ovx−C, Sham−Ca, and Sham+Ca received the same volumes of saline. Bone mineral turnover measured as 85Sr-uptake was increased in all low calcium groups compared to Sham+Ca. The Sham+Ca femora had higher dry weight and ash weight than the other groups, and Ovx−C had higher dry weight compared with Ovx−B and Sham−Ca. Calcium content was lower in both Ovx groups compared to both Sham groups. Magnesium was lower in all groups compared to Sham+Ca and higher in Ovx−B compared with Ovx−C. In the femoral shaft, Sham+Ca had significantly higher ultimate bending moment, energy absorption, and deflection compared to the other three groups. Ultimate bending moment was higher in Sham−Ca than in Ovx−C. Stiffness was increased in both Sham+Ca and Ovx−B compared to Ovx−C. The maximum stress in the femoral midshaft was higher in Sham+Ca than in the other groups, and higher in Ovx−B than in Ovx−C. Histomorphometry showed increased medullary area in all low calcium groups compared to Sham+Ca and larger cortical area in Sham+Ca and Ovx−B compared to Ovx−C. Compared to Sham+Ca the trabecular bone volume was decreased to 30% in Sham−Ca and to 9% in Ovx−C, but was unchanged in Ovx−B. The low calcium diet generally increased bone mineral turnover and reduced the tibial bone volume. Femoral changes led to a reduction of cortical fracture strength and maximal stress. Ovariectomy in addition to a low calcium diet reduced femoral strength even more. Daily injections of clodronate to ovariectomized rats on a low calcium diet increased femoral shaft stiffness and maximum stress, and clodronate preserved both trabecular and cortical tibial bone volume completely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900315
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Mineral Density in Athletes During and After Career: A Comparison Between Loaded and Unloaded Skeletal Regions (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Athletes — Bone mineral density — Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry — Ex-athletes — Physical activity — Unloaded — Weight-loaded.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the upper part of the skull, the femoral neck, and the total body by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 56 male and 33 female active athletes, 18–40 years of age, together with 64 male ex-weight lifters, 35–79 years of age. The active athletes were compared with 41 male and 54 female controls, the ex-weight lifters with 133 male controls. The purpose of the study was to see if BMD in the upper part of the skull, a region virtually unaffected by physical load, is different in athletes and controls. The male athletes had a 3% higher BMD for the total body and 12% for the hip, whereas the BMD for the upper part of the skull was 10% lower than controls. Corresponding BMD values for the female athletes were 4% higher for total body and 10% for the femoral neck, and the upper part of the skull was 7% lower than in controls. After 65 years of age there was no difference in BMD comparing ex-weightlifters and controls. Using a constructed ratio BMD total body to BMD upper part of the skull, the ex-weight lifters had 10% higher values also after age 65. It appears that bone mass is higher in weight-loaded areas and lower in an unloaded region, such as the upper part of the skull, in exercising athletes. After cessation of the active career, the bone mass approaches that of the controls and after 65 years of age, no difference was found comparing ex-weight lifters and controls. Due to the apparent bone mass shift from unloaded skeletal regions to loaded skeletal regions that seems to take place in active athletes, the constructed ratio, BMD total body to BMD upper part of the skull, seems to discriminate the influence on the skeleton in a more sensitive way than measuring the BMD in defined skeletal regions on their own. By using this constructed ratio, the influence on bone mass of physical exercise early in life is also detectable at older ages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900117
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in Bone Mineral, Lean Body Mass and Fat Content as Measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry: A Longitudinal Study (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry — Lean body mass — Fat — Normative data.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Bone mineral density (BMD) and soft tissue composition were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) 3–4 years apart in 273 men and women aged 23–90. We found different rates of BMD loss in different skeletal regions. There were also different rates of BMD loss in different regions within the hip. Average rates of loss for male subjects 50 years of age and above for BMD total body were 0.1%/year and for femoral neck 1.5%/year, whereas lumbar spine (L2–L4) increased by 0.4%/year. Average rates of loss for female subjects 50 years of age and above for BMD total body were 0.0%/year, femoral neck 0.9%/year, and lumbar spine (L2–L4) 0.1%/year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230010020
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