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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High density submicron magnetoresistive random access memory (invited) (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5822-5827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Various giant magnetoresistance material structures were patterned and studied for their potential as memory elements. The preferred memory element, based on pseudo-spin valve structures, was designed with two magnetic stacks (NiFeCo/CoFe) of different thickness with Cu as an interlayer. The difference in thickness results in dissimilar switching fields due to the shape anisotropy at deep submicron dimensions. It was found that a lower switching current can be achieved when the bits have a word line that wraps around the bit 1.5 times. Submicron memory elements integrated with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) transistors maintained their characteristics and no degradation to the CMOS devices was observed. Selectivity between memory elements in high-density arrays was demonstrated. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369931
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Base-analog-induced aminoacylation of an RNA helix by a tRNA synthetase (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 7253-7254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00132a029
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field-dependence of microscopic probes in magnetic force microscopy (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 705-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We present a technique for characterizing the magnetic state of a magnetic force microscopy (MFM) probe as a function of uniform external magnetic field H. A local magnetic field is generated by micron-scale current carrying conductors and directly imaged by MFM. As H alters the magnetic state of the probe, changes in image contrast yield componentwise measures of the tip's net magnetic moment m, tip hysteresis loops and coercivities, and possible orientations (vertical vs lateral) of remanent states mr used for most MFM imaging. Results are presented for a variety of thin-film probes. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117813
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon films prepared by ion-beam-assisted filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique for solar cells application (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2473-2475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Fabrication and characterization of nitrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:N) semiconductor/crystalline p-type silicon (p-Si) heterojunction structures are reported. The electron-hole pairs generated from both ta-C:N and Si depletion regions were observed from photoresponse measurements. The peaks are centered at about 540 and 1020 nm, which correspond to the optical absorption edge of ta-C:N and p-Si, respectively. The reverse current increased by three orders of magnitude when the structures were exposed to AM1 light. A photovoltaic effect was observed from ta-C:N and the values of short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and field factor obtained are 5.05 mA cm−2, 270 mV, and 0.2631, respectively. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122486
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Imaging and magnetometry of switching in nanometer-scale iron particles (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3269-3271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The reversal mechanisms in arrays of nanometer-scale (〈40 nm diameter) iron particles are studied by low-temperature Hall magnetometry and room-temperature magnetic force microscopy. Rotation of the net array magnetization at low temperatures (20 K) occurs by both reversible and irreversible modes, the latter revealed by Barkhausen jumps. Spatially resolved measurements at room temperature show the particles to be single domain with remanence and coercivity indicating they are not superparamagnetic. Individual particles are observed to switch irreversibly over a small field range (〈10 Oe) between preferred magnetic directions parallel to the growth direction of the particles. Scaling of the arrays offers the possibility of magnetic storage at the 45 Gbit/in.2 level, nearly 50 times greater than current technology. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118032
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological and serological comparisons of eel herpesvirus in Formosa (EHVF) and Herpesvirus anguillae (HVA) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: A comparative study between EHVF (eel herpesvirus in Formosa) and HVA (Herpesvirus anguillae) was performed. Similar syncytia were produced by each virus in cell lines infected with the viruses and similar viral yields were obtained. Significant cross-reactivity was observed in neutralization tests between HVA and EHVF but HVA and EFVF were distinctly different from channel catfish virus (CCV). An electrophoretic analysis of the structural proteins of EHVF and HVA produced similar electrophoretic patterns. Western blotting analysis of the viral proteins, using antiserum against EHVF, supported the results obtained in the cross-neutralization test. In conclusion, the isolates of HVA and EHVF are tightly clustered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1996.tb00059.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of a large-eddy simulation open channel code (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 9 (1999), S. 6-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Describes further development of a 3D finite difference code written to model turbulent flows in an open channel with a moving free surface. The code has been developed so that the computational domain can have side-walls and/or periodic directions and that the flow may also be buoyancy driven. Either a full simulation or large eddy simulation (LES) of the turbulence can be performed. Results are presented of a simulation of periodic streamwise flow in an open channel with parallel side-walls and also of a thermal jet into an open tank. Both simulations were carried out on a UNIX workstation using resolutions that enable the results to be viewed within an "engineering context". The LES application demands numerical approximations which conserve mass, momentum and total energy with high precision, and which permit wave motion with very little numerical dispersion or dissipation. The free surface is tracked using a split-merge technique which combines the volume of fluid (VOF) and height function methods in a way that is conservative.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09615539910251077
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of errors in the initial data on the reference variance factor and accuracy estimates (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 70 (1996), S. 250-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract The issue of the effect of errors in initial data on the reference variance factor and the accuracy of the estimated values in a least squares adjustment are discussed. General formulas for the reference variance factor and covariance of estimated values are derived. The accuracy of a densified third-order triangulation controlled by a second-order network is evaluated using the suggested formulas, and results utilizing actual data are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867345
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Critical error effects and analysis in carrier phase-based airborne GPS positioning over large areas (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 69 (1995), S. 261-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract For high accuracy airborne differential GPS positioning over large areas, i.e. a monitor-remote separation over 50 km, residual errors from the atmosphere and orbit, as well as multipath effects are the main error sources which limit the potential positioning accuracy. The effects of these critical errors are quantified and analyzed using test data collected during an airborne positioning campaign. Four Trimble 4000 SSE receivers were used, with two serving as monitors and the other two as remote receivers installed in the aircraft. Monitor-aircraft separations of up to 200 km were experienced during the test. A formula is derived for analytical estimation of orbital error effects. Results and discussions relevant to the critical error analysis are presented with emphasis on their effects on the positioning results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00806738
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of errors in the initial data on the reference variance factor and accuracy estimates (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 70 (1996), S. 250-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract The issue of the effect of errors in initial data on the reference variance factor and the accuracy of the estimated values in a least squares adjustment are discussed. General formulas for the reference variance factor and covariance of estimated values are derived. The accuracy of a densified third-order triangulation controlled by a second-order netword is evaluated using the suggested formulas, and results utilizing actual data are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867345
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