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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1479-1487 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Interventional MRI ; Interstitial therapy ; MR-guided laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The rationale and results for interstitial therapies via interventional MRI in the treatment of tumors in various regions are presented. Different interstitial treatment techniques are presented based on varying technologies both for tumor ablation and treatment monitoring. Data are presented based on 335 patients, 29–84 years of age (mean age 59 years, 196 men and 139 women) with a total of 932 liver tumors, 16 head and neck tumors and 14 abdominal recurrent pelvic and lymphatic tumors. All lesions had been treated with MR-guided laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) via 2516 laser applications and 1856 cannulations. Data in the literature are extremely varying depending on author experience, treatment technique, and the included patient material. In our patient material we were able to achieve a local tumor control of 96.7 % depending on the size of the tumorous lesion, the topographical relationship, and the applied laser parameters. The overall cumulative survival rate of patients with liver metastases was 45.74 months (median 40.97 months, 95 % confidence interval 31.42–50.52). The cumulative survival rate of the patient group with hepatic metastases of colorectal carcinoma was 42.71 months (median 39.33 months, 95 % confidence interval 33.26–45.37). In patients with head and neck tumors a relevant reduction in clinically relevant symptoms such as pain, swallowing disorders, or nervous compression was achieved in 11 of 15 patients treated with LITT. In 14 soft tissue tumors, such as pelvic tumor recurrence and lymph node metastases, a local tumor control was obtained in 68 % of lesions. Interstitial therapies under interventional MRI guidance, such as LITT, results in a high local tumor control with an improved survival rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Key words Livermetastases • Breast carcinoma • ; Laser induced thermotherapy • Minimally invasive therapy ; Schlüsselwörter Lebermetastasen • Mammakarzinom • Laserinduzierte Thermotherapie • Minimal-invasive Therapien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der hämatogenen Metastasierung des Mammakarzinoms stellt die Leber ein häufig betroffenes Organ dar. Im Falle eines isolierten Befalls der Leber werden bei fehlendem Ansprechen auf Chemo- und Hormontherapie im Einzelfall lokal sanierende Maßnahmen wie die chirurgische Resektion oder auch minimal-invasive Verfahren wie Tumorablationen diskutiert. Im Rahmen eines klinischen Programms wurden daher prospektiv 51 Patienten mit sekundär metastatischem Befall der Leber bei Mammakarzinom mittels MR-gesteuerter laserinduzierter Thermotherapie in Lokalanästhesie therapiert. Die mittels MR-gesteuerter LITT erzielte lokale Tumorkontrolle in der Leber lag in der 3-Monats-Kontrolle bei 98,2 %, in der 6-Monats-Kontrolle bei 97,1 %. Die mittlere Überlebensrate, berechnet ab Diagnosestellung der gelaserten Metastase betrug 50,29 (95-%-Konfidenzintervall (KI) 41,99–58,59) Monate. Berechnet ab dem Tag der Laserbehandlung betrug die mittlere Überlebensrate 36,31 (95-%-KI 30,40 – 42,22) Monate. Die LITT erlaubt heute eine hohe lokale Tumorkontrollrate; mögliche Indikationen liegen bei Patienten mit primär hepatischer Metastasierung, bei denen trotz Chemo- und Hormontherapie residuelle Lebermetastasen nachgewiesen werden oder diese progredient sind.
    Notes: Summary The liver is one of the most involved organs in the case of hematogenous metastases of breast carcinoma. In strictly intrahepatic involvement of breast cancer local ablative methods like surgical resection and minimal-invasive treatment modalities are discussed when systemic chemo- or hormone therapies are ineffective. In the clinical programme 51 patients with secondary metastastic involvement of the liver due to breast carcinoma were prospectively treated via MR-guided laser-induced thermotherapy in an outpatient setting. Patients were included with a maximum of five lesions up to a maximum diameter of 5 cm. Patients with additional extrahepatic involvement are excluded. MR-guided LITT allowed local tumor control in the liver at three months of 89.2 % and at six months of 79.1 %. The cumulative median survival rate was 50,29 months (confidence interval 95 %, 41.99–42.22 months). MR-guided LITT allows high local tumor control. Possible indications for the treatment with LITT are patients with strictly intrahepatic metastases who are not demonstrating a complete response after chemo- or hormone therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter LITT ; Laserablation ; MR-Thermometrie ; Key words Laser ; MR thermometry ; LITT ; Liver cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary MR-guided LITT (laser-induced thermotherapy) is currently being evaluated for its effectiveness in clinical oncology. MR-guided LITT is defined as a minimally invasive technology based on the effects of the applied Nd-YAG laser on tumorous tissue. Due to specific characteristics of the laser-induced coagulative effect, online monitoring via MR thermometry is possible and extremely precise. In a period of 6 years 335 patients suffering from malignant soft tissue tumors were prospectively treated via MR-guided LITT. We evaluated the local tumor control rate, the rate of complications and the survival data from the clinical and MRI follow-up. Our results prove that MR-guided LITT results in a extremely low rate of side effects and an effective tumor control rate higher than 95%, depending on the size of the lesion. It is concluded that this therapeutic concept is of clinical value for patients with primary and secondary liver cancer, malignant lymph node involvement, abdominal recurrent tumors and tumors of the head and neck.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die interventionelle MR-gesteuerte laserinduzierte Thermotherapie (LITT) wird derzeit klinisch und im Rahmen prospektiver Studien bei unterschiedlichen onkologischen Fragestellungen eingesetzt und evaluiert. Per definitionem stellt die MR-gesteuerte laserinduzierte Thermotherapie ein minimalinvasives Therapieverfahren dar, das auf der Laserwirkung mit resultierendem koagulativen Effekt beruht. Der thermoablative Effekt wird dabei „online”überwacht und dokumentiert durch den Einsatz spezieller MR-Sequenzprotokolle. Innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 6 Jahren wurden dabei prospektiv 335 Patienten mit malignen Weichteiltumoren therapiert und die Tumorortskontrollrate, die Komplikationsrate sowie die Überlebensdaten evaluiert. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die MR-gesteuerte LITT ein nebenwirkungsarmes Therapieverfahren darstellt, mit einer enorm hohen Präzision und einer Tumorortskontrollrate bei optimierter Technik von 〉95%. Als Indikationen werden vorgestellt die Thermotherapie von primären und sekundären Lebermalignomen, sekundärer Lymphknoteninvasionen, abdomineller Rezidivtumoren sowie Tumorfragestellungen in der Kopf-/Halsregion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 56 (1906), S. 337-340 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In this study, four new markers located on bovine Chromosome 1 were tested for linkage with the polled condition in the Simmental and Pinzgauer breeds. The microsatellites INRA212 (D1S42) and the gene for keratin-associated protein 8 (KAP8) show significant linkage with polled at θ= 0.00 (Lod = 6.92), and θ= 0.033 (Lod = 6.52) respectively. The microsatellite INRA117 (D1S20) and the gene for interferon-α receptor (IFNAR) show maximum Lod scores of 2.1 and 1.8 at a recombination rate of zero.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 13 (1981), S. 1107-1123 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,1-Dichlorocyclopropane has been produced by addition of CH2(1A1) to 1,1-dichloroethylene. CH2(1A1) was generated by the photolysis of ketene at 277-334 nm. The 1,1-dichlorocyclopropane was formed in a chemically activated state, had an energy content between 386 and 400 kJ/mol, and reacted in two parallel channels to 2,3-dichloropropene and 1,1-dichloropropene. 1,1-Dichloropropene was also formed directly by insertion of CH2(1A1) into the CH bond of 1,1-dichloroethylene. As secondary reactions elimination of HCl from chemically activated 2,3-dichloropropene occurred with 3-chloropropyne and chloroallene as products. In some of the experiments perfluoropropane was added as an inert gas. The apparent rate constants for the isomerization and elimination reactions are reported. The results of RRKM calculations including distribution functions for the activated 1,1-dichlorocyclopropane and a step-ladder model for the deactivation verify the proposed reaction scheme.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 16 (1984), S. 835-847 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chlorocyclopropane has been produced by addition of CH2(1A1) and CH2(3B1) to chloroethene. CH2 was generated by the photolysis of ketene at 313 and 366 nm. Chlorocyclopropane was formed in a chemically activated state, had an energy content between 378 and 427 kJ/mol, and reacted in three parallel channels to 3-chloropropene, cis- and trans-1-chloropropene. As secondary reactions elimination of HCl from the chemically activated primary products occurred to form allene and propyne. The apparent rate constants for the isomerization and elimination reactions are reported. The results of RRKM calculations including distribution functions for the activated chlorocyclopropane and a stepladder model for the deactivation support the proposed reaction scheme.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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