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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the chemical vapor deposited W/Al interface (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 749-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dependence of the amount of aluminum trifluoride (AlF3) piled up at the interface of chemical vapor deposited tungsten and the aluminum under layer on the deposition time and subsequent annealing in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) or in monosilane (SiH4) gas has been studied. AlF3 is formed by the reaction of the aluminum under layer with tungsten hexafluoride (WF6) during the initial state of tungsten chemical vapor deposition. Tungsten was deposited on an Al layer under selective deposition conditions by SiH4 reduction at 250 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement reveals that the amount of AlF3 decreases with an increase in the tungsten deposition time and that the reduction of AlF3 by volatilization of aluminum fluorides, which occurs at higher temperatures ((approximately-greater-than)400 °C) is not observed at low temperature (270 °C). Annealing in SiH4 gas after the tungsten deposition was effective to reduce the amount of AlF3 compared with annealing in UHV. This result and thermochemical data would suggest that the dependence of the amount of AlF3 on the tungsten deposition time is explained by the reduction of AlF3 with hydrogen atoms supplied from the dissociation of SiH4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355246
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First operation of HiECR-3 ion source for 14–18 GHz : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1186-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The new HiECR-3 ion source has been designed to have a mirror field and a hexapole field strong enough for both 14 and 18 GHz operation. We designed, manufactured, and operated the HiECR-3, for studying characteristics of volume and surface dependence on the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma zone. From these measurements of the ECR plasma, we examined many problems. They are the ECR plasma zone, the extraction efficiency from the plasma zone, electron injection from another ECR plasma zone, and volume and surface of the ECR plasma zone. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146727
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status of ion sources for the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator HIMAC : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 962-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) is the first heavy-ion accelerator complex dedicated to cancer therapy. HIMAC is equipped with two kinds of ion sources. The PIG ion source is an indirectly heated cathode type, which is operated with a very low-duty factor. The ECR ion source has a single closed ECR zone with 10 GHz microwaves. Both sources realize good stability and reproducibility with easy operation, and satisfy the requirements for radiotherapy. They have been successfully used for clinical trials since June of 1994, and several tens of cancer patients have already been treated with 290–400 MeV/u carbon beams. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146784
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences electron cyclotron resonance ion source for the heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1087-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The development of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source for the heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) injector is reported. The HIMAC is a heavy ion medical accelerator for cancer therapy. The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source is expected to provide a long lifetime, easy operation, and easy maintenance for medical use. The NIRS-ECR ion source has a single closed ECR stage, and a microwave frequency of 10 GHz is applied. Under the present performance, the output electrical currents of the ions are 2500 eμA for He1+, 300 eμA for C2+, 480 eμA for Ne3+, and 110 eμA for Ar6+. Stability of the intensity is better than 2%. The transmission efficiency through a low-energy beam-transport line with an acceptance of 200 πmm mrad is more than 70%; the typical 50% and 90% emittances of the injection beam with 8 keV/u are 20 and 80 πmm mrad, respectively. These performances satisfy the requirements for radiotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145071
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of calcium silicate on growth and dry matter yield of Chloris gayana and Sorghum sudanense under two soil water regimes (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of five rates [0 (control), 1, 2, 4 and 6 Mg ha−1] of calcium silicate on the growth and water consumption by rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) and sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense Piper) under wet and dry soil water regimes (60 g and 30 g H2O kg−1 soil respectively) were evaluated in a pot experiment. The effect of the application of silicate on plant biomass was similar to that of the control. However, the shoot and root dry mass varied significantly (P 〈 0.001) according to the soil water regime and plant species. During the first cut, the shoot dry mass was 5.7 g per pot under the wet soil moisture regime, significantly exceeding that under the dry soil water regime proportionately by 0.68. For sudan grass, the shoot dry mass varied from 3.6 g per pot in the control to 4.3 g per pot in the treatment that received 6 Mg ha−1 of calcium silicate. Plant water demand decreased as the rate of calcium silicate application increased, suggesting that an application of calcium silicate could reduce drought stress and enhance water economy. For the soil under study, the reduction in plant water demand represents a water saving ranging from 0.076 to nearly 0.20.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2005.00491.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHOLESTEROL, CHOLESTEROL ESTERS AND CHOLESTEROL ESTERASE IN THE SCIATIC NERVE DURING DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHICK (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Changes in the contents of cholesterol and cholesterol ester and in the activity of cholesterol esterase (EC 3.1.1.13) in the sciatic nerve of the chick during development were measured. The ratio of cholesterol ester/cholesterol was an inverse function of the activity of the esterase (i.e. when the ratio was high, the activity of the enzyme was low, and vice versa). The synthesis of cholesterol esterase was inhibited after addition of actinomycin D both in ovo and in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1971.tb11973.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abrupt Si/Ge interface formation using atomic hydrogen in Si molecular beam epitaxy (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2975-2977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Compositional abruptness of strained Si/Ge heterointerfaces grown by solid source Si molecular beam epitaxy under supply of atomic hydrogen (AH) was investigated using secondary ion mass spectrometry and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Systematic variation of growth temperature and AH exposure pressure revealed that Ge segregation length is a steadily decreasing function of AH coverage on the growth surface. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112481
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical investigation of growth mode of Ge thin films on Si(110) substrates (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 785-787 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A unique growth mode of Ge on Si(110) substrates was clarified by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. A spectral redshift and an increase of the relative no-phonon intensity were found for PL from the two-dimensional Ge layer on Si(110) compared to that on Si(100). These results likely arise from nonuniformity in the Ge layer thickness owing to the step-bunched Si(110) surface and resultant exciton localization. The two-dimensional to three-dimensional growth mode changeover was observed as evidenced by emergence of broad PL from Ge islands. In contrast to Ge on Si(100) PL from the wetting layer was found to show continuous redshift with increasing Ge coverage even after Ge island formation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119645
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and construction of four-hole ECR ion source : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 583-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: When a large current is accelerated, many radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) LINAC are needed, because the acceleration limit of a RFQ LINAC is 20 mA–30 mA. Therefore the same number of ion source are needed. But the limit is not the current limit of ion source. If the RFQ LINAC has many RFQ channels, it can accelerate large currents. We designed an accelerator with four RFQ channels to prove this principle. An ion source which extracts four equal beams from one chamber is needed for this RFQ LINAC. A four-hole ECR ion source was designed and manufactured after calculating the magnetic fields by OPERA, and simulating beam trajectory using the program FUGUN. In this ion source, since four extraction holes are located off axis by about 50 mm, the beam is deflected. We calculated this deviation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430034
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferative effects of eosinophil lysates on cultured human airway smooth muscle cells (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The hypertrophy/hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells is one of the characteristic features of bronchial asthma. This structural change leads to the thickening of airway walls resulting in the amplification of airway narrowing. However, the pathogenesis of this structural change has not yet been determined. Eosinophils, which play a pathogenic role in asthma, have been demonstrated to have proliferative effects on fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells.Objective We attempted to investigate the potential of eosinophils to induce the proliferation of ASM cells.Methods We examined the effect of lysates of eosinophils purified from peripheral blood of healthy donors on cultured human ASM cell proliferation.Results Eosinophil lysates significantly induced ASM cell proliferation in time- and dose-dependent manners, reaching a maximum on day 6 at 50% of eosinophil lysates (6.0 ± 0.7 × 104[mean ± SD] /well, n = 5 vs. 4.5 ± 1.1 × 104/well, n = 5; P 〈 0.05). This proliferative activity was heat-sensitive and recovered in the soluble fraction of the eosinophil lysates. Furthermore, the molecular weight of the mitogenic activity in the soluble fraction was identified as lower than 10 kDa. The inhibitory activity to ASM cell proliferation was also found in the insoluble fraction of the lysates.Conclusion These results indicate that circulating eosinophils store mitogenic activity for ASM cells, suggesting that eosinophils might contribute to the development of the hyperplasia of ASM cells in asthmatics through the release of the stored mitogenic activity upon stimulation at the site of inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0954-7894.2002.01243.x
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