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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 1177-1179 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We report a technique for the fabrication of sharp and straight step edges on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates by ion milling. An electron beam lithography defined amorphous carbon film was used as an etch mask. It had very low ion milling rate and was easily prepared and removed. Atomic force microscopy was used to determine the step profile. YBa2Cu3O7 step edge junctions fabricated at the LAO steps show promising results. An IcRn product of 1 mV was obtained at 30 K. A Fraunhofer-like magnetic field dependence of Ic was obtained up to ±2 Φ0. One weak link or possibly identical weak links in series for these step edge junctions were observed from the current-voltage (I-V) curves as well as from the magnetic field dependence of the I-V curves.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Aims : To investigate the gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics of controlled-release (Entocort) and standard budesonide capsules.Methods : Six Crohn's disease patients and eight healthy controls were given controlled-release capsules containing budesonide and an inert 111In label, following breakfast. In the patients, a standard capsule containing deuterium-labelled budesonide was given simultaneously. In the controls, on a separate occasion, the controlled-release capsules were given in the fasting state. Gastrointestinal transit was recorded by a gamma camera. Plasma budesonide and deuterium-labelled budesonide were used to estimate drug release, and urine cortisol was used to assess systemic effects.Results : Budesonide delivery to the ileo-colonic region was significantly greater after the intake of the controlled-release capsules [69%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 54–84] than after the standard capsules (30%; 95% CI, 15–45) (P = 0.005). Fasting had little impact on uptake. The transit and pharmacokinetics of budesonide were similar in both subject groups, although systemic availability was higher in patients (21%; 95% CI, 13–33) than in controls (12%; 95% CI, 10–14) (P = 0.009). Urinary cortisol was, however, similar in both groups.Conclusions : A major fraction of budesonide is released in the ileum and throughout the colon, the intended target for the controlled-release formulation. The prandial state has little effect on budesonide uptake.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Aim : To investigate whether omeprazole affects the pharmacokinetics and systemic effects of budesonide controlled-release capsules when the two medications are taken together.Methods : Thirteen healthy volunteers were enrolled into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Participants received omeprazole, 20 mg/day, or placebo every morning for 5 days, with three 3-mg budesonide controlled-release capsules being given with omeprazole or placebo on day 5. After a 12-day washout period, participants were switched from omeprazole to placebo, or vice versa, and the trial was repeated. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic evaluation and urine samples for cortisol assessments were collected before and after the budesonide doses.Results : No statistically significant differences were seen between omeprazole and placebo treatment with regard to any of the parameters analysed, including the maximum budesonide plasma concentration, time to concentration maximum, area under the concentration–time curve, mean residence time and urinary excretion of cortisol. Very few adverse events were reported during the trial, and the majority were of mild to moderate severity.Conclusion : Omeprazole treatment does not affect the pharmacokinetics or systemic effects of budesonide controlled-release capsules when the two medications are taken simultaneously.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 30 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Administration or oestrogen to castrated female rats has previously been shown to exert a suppressive effect both on the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and on the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to collagen II (CII). The present study is concerned with the mechanisms responsible for this suppression, particularly as to the role of the thymus and the CD8+ T lymphocytes; both the thymic epithelial cells and the CD8+ T cells have earlier been implicated as responsible for oestrogen-mediated immunomodulation on the basis of their expression of oestrogen receptors. Adult thymectomy alone did not affect either the incidence or severity of arthritis. Furthermore, adult thymectomy did not change the observed suppressive effects of oestrogen treatment on arthritis development or auto-anti-CII T-cell immunity. Elimination of CD8+ T cells was subsequently achieved in groups of thymectomized rats by utilizing the fact that efficient depletion of CD8+ T cells occurs after in vivo treatment with OX8 monoclonal antibodies; depletion of peripheral CD8+ T cells failed to influence the suppressive effect of oestrogen on CIA and on the in vitro proliferate response of lymph-node cells to-CII. Depletion of CD8+ T cells did, however, in itself reduce the incidence of CIA in non-oestrogen-treated and thymectomized rats. We conclude that oestrogen may exert its suppressive effect on development of CIA and on T-cell responsiveness via mechanisms independent of both the thymus and the CD8+ T-cell subpopulation, but that CD8+ T cells are nevertheless involved in the regulation and/or effectuation of the immune reactions responsible for development of collagen arthritis in rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 29 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: An important question in local immune regulation in the skin is how keratinocytes at inflammatory sites can modify a local T-cell response to antigens introduced via the skin. In the present study we investigated the effects of rat epidermal cells obtained from the site of a tuberculin reaction, on the proliferate response of a syngeneic purified protein derivative (PPD)-specific CD4+ T-cell line. Epidermal cell suspensions from the tuberculin-reactive can contained 23–37% cells expressing class II transplantation antigens as judged by immunocytochemistry compared with 2–3% in normal epidermis. When comparing the capacity of these two different epidermal cell populations to induce a PPD-specific T-cell response in vitro, it was found that the PPD-reactive epidermal cells induced a lower T-cell response than did normal epidermal cells. This discrepancy cannot be explained by an infiltration of inflammatory cells into the epidermis of tuberculin-reactive ears. Our data indicate that epidermal cells modified during a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in vivo may suppress an antigen-specific T-cell proliferation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 21 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The experimentally induced cell-mediated immune reaction has been examined ultrastructurally in rat oral mucosa, using DNCB/DNFB as haptens. In skin-presensitized animals, an increased number of mononuclear cells was found in the epithelium at a very early phase (15-60 min) after hapten exposure. In nonsensitized animals, an increased number of cells was evident in hapten-exposed tissue also very early in the reaction. Mononuclear cells appeared in the connective tissue but very few in the epithelium. Interaction between mononuclear cells and Langerhans cells could be demonstrated in both experimental groups.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 28 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The role of CD8+ T ‘cytotoxic/suppressor’ T cells in induced immunospecific tolerance and during recovery after actively induced disease was examined by means of elimination of CD8+ cells from Lewis rats using in vivo treatment by Ox8 monoclonal antibodies, in experimental allergic neuritis (EAN). Animals depleted of CD8+ T cells alter recovery from EAN did not show any clinical signs of relapse. Other animals were pretreated with the peripheral nerve basic protein P2 and thereby rendered resistant to disease induction with a potentially neuritogenic emulsion. The elimination of CD8+ T cells did not result in EAN here either. Thus, the CD8+ T-cell population does not seem to participate in the suppression of this autoimmune disease under these experimental conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 26 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Immunization of female Lewis rats with bovine type II collagen induces a severe polyarthritis with an incomplete penetration. Castration of the rats increased the incidence to 94% compared with 50% among sham-operated controls. When castrated female rats were implanted with silicon capsules containing β-oestradiol they developed arthritis with a delayed onset and a decreased severity compared with castrated rats implanted with empty Silastic capsules. The levels of anti-type II collagen auto-antibodies were not affected by castration or oestrogen treatment. These findings show that oestrogen suppresses the development of collagen arthritis in rats and that this effect is mediated by mechanisms other than anti-type II collagen autoantibodies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 26 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Monoclonal antibodies reactive with different T lymphocyte antigens were administered to rats receiving heart allografts. Ox 19 antibodies (directed to the rat Ly 1 equivalent) and Ox 8 antibodies (directed to the rat CD8 equivalent) both prolonged graft survival, whereas W3/25 (anti-CD4). Ox 6 (anti-Ia), and W3/13 (anti-pan T) antibodies did not affect graft rejection. Immunohistological studies were carried out on spleen and graft specimens in order to analyse further the mechanisms behind the prolongation of graft survival. The observed almost complete absence of Ox 8-reactive cells in the spleen after treatment with Ox 8 antibodies corroborates earlier observations that injection of moderate amounts of Ox 8 antibodies leads to complete elimination of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells from peripheral lymphoid organs and blood. The present data on graft survival therefore both support the notion that suppressor/cytotoxic T cells are involved in graft rejection, and suggest that these cells are not the only ones involved. An unexpected and as yet unexplained finding was that Ox 8-reactive molecules were found in large numbers on various inflammatory cells as well as on certain myocytes in the grafted hearts that had experimenced a prolonged graft survival due to treatment with Ox 8 or Ox 19 antibodies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 26 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The results of three investigations, two with wild smolt and one with hatchery-reared smolt of altic salmon, were analysed with regard to mortality due to predation during river and estuarine migration. This mortality was found to be high, at least 50% of the initial number of smolt was estimated not to reach marine waters. Smolt mortality may be important in population regulation, analoguous to other animal species having the same life strategy with two life stages and a transfer to a new habitat connected to the shift in life stage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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