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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hepato-renal syndrome of cultured turbot. Its effect on a 2-year trial of farm reared turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 8 (1976), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(76)90086-7
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creatine kinase activity in the detection of carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: comparison of two methods
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 121 (1982), S. 345-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0009-8981(82)90244-3
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low Spin Ferrous Iron in the Iron Silicate Deerite (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 211 (1966), S. 1389-1389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Deerite was separated from a sample from the type locality, Laytonville, California. The chemical analysis is listed below in Table 1. The formula is appproximately Fe213Fe37Si13O44(OH)11 with minor substitution of titanium and aluminium for ferric iron and manganese for ferrous iron. The inverse ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2111389a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of Transition Metals in Molten Lithium Chloride–Potassium Chloride Eutectic by Mercuric Chloride (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 211 (1966), S. 966-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] From the available redox potentials in the lithium chloride/potassium chloride eutectic, in principle, a number of reactants are capable of oxidizing the transition metals and a preliminary survey using chlorine, mercuric chloride, mercurous chloride and silver chloride was carried out. All the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/211966a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase II study of cisplatin, ifosfamide and doxorubicin in operable primary, axial skeletal and metastatic osteosarcoma (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 1211-1218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; osteosarcoma ; relative dose intensity ; survival ; tumour response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Despite advances in the treatment of primary limb osteosarcoma, the outcome of patients with primary metastatic and axial skeletal disease remains poor. The European Osteosarcoma Intergroup have assessed a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of ifosfamide (IFOS) 3 g/m2/d1–2, doxorubicin (DOX) 25 mg/m2/d1–3 i.v. bolus and cisplatin (CDDP) 100 mg/m2/d1. Patients and methods: One hundred nine previously untreated patients with primary osteosarcoma were registered. Eligibility was confirmed in 103. At presentation, 45 eligible patients had metastatic disease, 15 axial skeletal primary tumours and 43 non-metastatic limb tumours. Results: The major toxicities were myelosuppression (90%, grade 3 or 4) and nausea and vomiting (74%, grade 3 or 4). Overall mean relative dose intensity (RDI) was 80% (88% CDDP, 75% IFOS, 81% DOX). Clinical response as measured by reduction in tumour volume occurred in 36% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 27%–47%) of primary tumours. Response of pulmonary metastases to chemotherapy was seen in 33% (95% CI: 19%–49%). Good histological response (≥90% necrosis of the tumour) occurred in 33% (95% CI: 22%–45%) of resected tumours. Five-year survival was 62% in limb-non-metastatic, 41% in axial skeletal and 16% in limb metastatic patients. Conclusions: This regimen is active in osteosarcoma but does not appear to be more active than the two-drug CDDP–DOX regimen currently recommended by EOI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008361612767
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A clinical model for quality of life assessment in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: clinical trials ; methodology ; ovarian cancer ; quality of life ; study design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:The pattern of symptoms experienced by cancer patientsduring chemotherapy is very complex. Consequently, quality of life (QOL)assessment has to be carefully planned to capture clinically relevant changes. Patients and methods:A clinical model of changes in symptomsexperienced by symptomatic metastatic patients during several courses ofchemotherapy has been developed. The model differentiates cancer-relatedsymptoms, acute side-effects, chronic side-effects and symptoms not relatedto cancer. The model was used to predict changes in each of these four symptomgroups. Three time points were selected (post-cycle 2, pre-cycle 3, post-cycle5) and an appropriate window around each time point was set. The modelpredictions were tested empirically with 56 patients with advanced ovariancancer who completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 plus disease specific items during asix-cycle course of chemotherapy. Results:The changes observed in the sample were in accordancewith the changes predicted by the clinical model. Results from patients whodid not complete the questionnaire within the specified time windows tendedto dilute the findings from the group who did. Conclusions:A clinical model is useful in the planning of QOLassessments in order to capture clinically relevant effects. Such models alsofacilitate the interpretation of QOL studies, particularly when cyclicshort-term effects and chronic side-effects are overlaid on disease symptoms,as is the case with chemotherapy for cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008394107982
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approaches to the analysis of quality of life data: experiences gained from a Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party palliative chemotherapy trial (1994)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 3 (1994), S. 339-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Attrition ; compliance ; lung cancer ; missing values ; psychological data ; quality of life ; randomised trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Standardization in the choice of quality of life (QOL) instruments and their application in randomised clinical trials have been advocated and generally accepted. However, there is now an urgent need to address the problems relating to the analysis and presentation of the data thus generated. There are intrinsic difficulties associated with QOL data, namely its multidimensional nature, attrition and missing data, and there is no consensus as to how these problems should be dealt with. This paper therefore considers there problems using interim data from a large Medical Research Council randomised trial in patients with small cell lung cancer and a poor prognosis, in which attrition and compliance are major concerns. Three possible approaches to the analysis of these data, which use different subsets of patients, are examined in detail. The strengths and weaknesses of these three methods are discussed, and examples of their use in the literature are given and compared with other reported approaches. The need for a standard definition of compliance is also emphasised, and a method of presentation suggested. The best current advice is that QOL data should be analysed in a number of different ways, and conclusions reached only when consistency is seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451726
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guidelines for reporting results of quality of life assessments in clinical trials (1996)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 5 (1996), S. 496-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Clinical trials ; guidelines ; health-related quality of life ; quality of life ; reporting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical trials involving quality of life measurement published in the literature suffer from important weaknesses due to the lack of information on numerous topics. The psychometric properties of the instruments are often lacking as well as data on the number of patients treated and analyzed. The handling of missing data is rarely documented. In order to facilitate the reporting of trials and the evaluation of published results, this article proposes a set of general guidelines for the reporting of clinical trials which include a quality of life assessment. A checklist designed to assist authors is appended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540022
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sample sizes for randomized trials measuring quality of life in cancer patients (1997)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 6 (1997), S. 0-0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Anticipated effect size ; ; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) ; quality of life ; randomized trials ; sample size ; small cell lung cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the methods appropriate for calculating sample sizes for clinical trials assessing quality of life (QOL). An example from a randomized trial of patients with small cell lung cancer completing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is used for illustration. Sample size estimates calculated assuming that the data are either of the Normal form or binary are compared to estimates derived using an ordered categorical approach. In our example, since the data are very skewed, the Normal and binary approaches are shown to be unsatisfactory: binary methods may lead to substantial over estimates of sample size and Normal methods take no account of the asymmetric nature of the distribution. When summarizing normative data for QOL scores the frequency distributions should always be given so that one can assess if non-parametric methods should be used for sample size calculations and analysis. Further work is needed to discover what changes in QOL scores represent clinical importance for health technology interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026481815304
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality of life of Danish women: Population-based norms for the EORTC QLQ-C30 (1997)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 6 (1997), S. 0-0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: EORTC-QLQ-C30 ; breast cancer ; gynaecological cancer ; norms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to derive population-based norms for women completing the EORTC QLQ-C30 version 1 which is designed for use with patients who have cancer. The study was conducted using two different questionnaires: one designed for use in female patients with breast cancer, the other for those with gynaecological cancers, but both including the EORTC QLQ-C30. The women were drawn from the Danish Central Population Register without knowledge of their health status and divided at random between the two questionnaires. All procedures for collecting data were identical. The response rate for those receiving the gynaecological cancer (GS) questionnaire was 49% and it was 71% for the breast cancer (BS) questionnaire. Detailed comparison between the two samples revealed several EORTC QLQ-C30 items showing a clear difference in distribution of scores between them. Because of this and the possible bias due to the relative low age-related response rate in GS, only the results from the BS are used for constructing norms. The norms cover all 30 single items on the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the nine derived scales, for women in four 10-year age groups commencing at 30 years and for those aged 70-75. Clear trends in, for example, declining ability to undertake strenuous activity are illustrated and quantified. Levels of certain symptoms, such as pain, are surprisingly high although it is recognized that the population sampled will contain a proportion of women with active disease including cancer. We recommend the use of these norms both as an aid to the clinical assessment of an individual patient, and to assist in the interpretation of clinical trial and longitudinal quality of life data. As a secondary result, we note that a population-based sample will have a lower response rate to a questionnaire with more questions, especially if many of these extra questions are on sexual issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026461310761
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