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A quantitative evaluation of the relative efficiency of gelatine and albumin in preventing insulin adsorption to glass (1966)

Sönksen, P. H. ; Ellis, J. P. ; Lowy, C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Diabetologia 1 (1966), S. 208-210

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ISSN: 1432-0428

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Il a été démontré que l'albumine peut prévenir mieux que la gélatine la perte d'insuline d'une solution contenant de l'insuline. Ceci a probablement conduit à des rapports erronés de taux d'ILA élevés dans les dosages avec des méthodes biologiques. Des préparations d'albumine humaine cristalline ne montraient ni d'ILA, ni d'insuline décelable par la méthode radio-immunologique. L'albumine humaine préparée après extraction par l'alcool-acide (qui dans des expériences antérieures a démontré des propriétés anti-insuliniques avec l'hémidiaphragme isolé du rat) montre une ILA considérable avec le tissu adipeux isolé du rat et aussi de l'insuline qui peut être démontrée par la méthode radioimmunologique.

Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß Albumin stärker als Gelatine den Insulinverlust insulin-haltiger Lösungen verhindern kann. Das hat wahrscheinlich zu falsch erhöhten Spiegeln der insulinähnlichen Aktivität (ILA) geführt, über die bei Bestimmung mit biologischen Methoden berichtet wurde. Präparate kristallinen menschlichen Albumins zeigten keine ILA und auch kein mit der radioimmunologischen Methode bestimmbares Insulin. Menschliches durch Säurealkohol-extraktion gewonnenes Albumin (das nach früheren Untersuchungen insulinantagonistische Eigenschaften am isolierten Rattenhemidiaphragma hat) zeigte am isolierten Rattenfettgewebe eine deutliche ILA und auch mit der radioimmunologischen Methode bestimmbares Insulin.

Notes: Summary Albumin has been found to be more effective than gelatine in preventing insulin loss from insulin containing solutions. It is probable that this has led to falsely elevated levels of insulin-like activity (ILA) reported with bio-assays. Preparations of crystalline human albumin have been found to be free from ILA and from insulin measured by the radio-immuno-assay. Other human albumin prepared by acid-ethanol extraction (that has been shown previously to contain insulin antagonistic properties on the isolated rat hemidiaphragm) has contained significant ILA on the isolated rat fat pad and also contained insulin demonstrable by radio-immuno-assay.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01257913

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The application of the Geddes fractionation index to crude distillation units (1966)

Gilbert, R. J. H. ; Leather, J. ; Ellis, J. F. G.

Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell

AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 432-437

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ISSN: 0001-1541

Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: The degree of separation effected by a fractionator can be measured by a fractionation index n. The index is the equivalent number of theoretical plates, operating at total reflux, which would effect the same component separation as the fractionator.The value of the fractionation index is readily calculated from the Fenske-Underwood equation when component analyses of the feed and products are available.In the case of crude oils, the number of components is so great that resolution in the laboratory is not practicable, and the feed and products are customarily analyzed by high efficiency laboratory fractionators which give their true boiling point characteristics. In this form, the data have been broken down into short fractions which have then been treated as pseudo components in subsequent column calculations.This paper presents a method for treating the product TBP curves as algebraic functions without the necessity for breaking the feed TBP data into arbitrary short fractions. The fractionation index can be derived directly from product TBP data, or the TBP data can be calculated when the fractionation index is known.Data from performance tests on three commercial units have been analyzed. The TBP distillation analyses of the crude oils and the products enabled the fractionation indices pertaining to each section of the fractionators to be evaluated.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.